Carrier Access Adit 3200, Reference Manual

Page: 252 / 262

Glossary-8 Adit 3000 (Rel. 1.6) and MSR Card (Rel 2.0) GUI
Glossary
gateway An entrance and exit into a communications network
Graphical User Interface
(GUI) GUI, pronounced “GOOEY”. A set of screen presentations and metaphors that utilize
graphic elements such as icons in an attempt to make an operating system easier to use.
ground A physical connection to the earth or other reference point.
ground start (GS) A method of signaling on subscriber trunks in which one side of the two wire trunk
(typically the ring conductor of Tip and Ring) is momentarily grounded to get dial tone.
hash algorithm A one way function that takes an input message of arbitrary length and produces a fixed
length digest. Adit uses both Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) and Message Digest 5 (MD5)
hashes within our implementation of the IPSec framework.
High Density Bipolar 3 HDB3. A bipolar coding method that does not allow more than 3 consecutive zeros.
hop Each individual short trip that packets make from router to router, as they are routed to their
destination.
host A computer that allows users to communicate with other host computers on a network.
impedance The total opposition a circuit offers to the flow of alternating current. It is measured in ohms
and the lower the ohmic value, the better the quality of the conductor
internet “A network of networks,” the Internet supports FTP, WWW, Gopher,
E-Mail, Telnet, and many other world-wide information transfer protocols and services.
ISPs provide an effective interface with the Internet. The Internet itself is made up of
thousands of LANs and WANs, all using TCP/IP to provide information services to
millions of users. A worldwide network of networks that all use the TCP/IP
communications protocol and share a common address space.
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol, the method by which most Internet activity takes place. Members with
access to TCP/IP through a SLIP or PPP connection can connect to many ISP services in
this manner. As the name implies, it is a protocol for network activity. Most current
networks support some sort of TCP or IP directly or indirectly.
IP address A string of four numbers separated by periods (such as 111.22.3.144) used to represent a
computer on the Internet. The format of the address is specified by the Internet Protocol in
RFC 791. Each of the four number must be 255 or less; they may be 0.
IPSec IPSec (IP Security) is a set of IP extensions developed by IETF to provide security services
compatible with the existing IP standard (IPv.4) and also the upcoming one (IPv.6). In
addition, IPSec can protect any protocol that runs on top of IP, for instance TCP, UDP, and
ICMP. The IPSec provides cryptographic security services. These services allow for
authentication, integrity, access control, and confidentiality. IPSec allows for the
information exchanged between remote sites to be encrypted and verified. You can create
encrypted tunnels (VPNs), or just do encryption between computers.
jitter Interference on an analog line caused by a variation of a signal from its reference timing
slots. Jitter can cause problems in the receipt of data and any subsequent processing of that
data.