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SECTION 7. MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES

7-2

FIGURE 7.2-1. Typical Connection for Active Sensor with External Battery

7.2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTAGE

MEASUREMENT

Some sensors either contain or require active
signal conditioning circuitry to provide an easily
measured analog voltage output. Generally, the
output is referenced to the sensor ground. The
associated current drain usually requires a
power source external to the CR10. A typical
connection scheme where AC power is not
available and both the CR10 and sensor are
powered by an external battery is shown in
Figure 7.2-1. Since a single-ended
measurement is referenced to the CR10 ground,
any voltage difference between the sensor
ground and CR10 ground becomes a
measurement error. A differential measurement
avoids this error by measuring the signal
between the 2 leads without reference to
ground. This example analyzes the potential
error on a water pH measurement using a
Martek Mark V water quality analyzer.

The wire used to supply power from the external
battery is 18 AWG with an average resistance of
6.5 ohms/1000 ft. The power leads to the CR10
and pH meter are 2 ft and 10 ft, respectively.
Typical current drain for the pH meter is 300 mA.
When making measurements, the CR10 draws
about 35 mA. Since voltage is equal to current
multiplied by resistance (V=IR), ground voltages
at the pH meter and the CR10 relative to battery
ground are:

pH meter ground =

0.3A x 10/1000 x 6.5ohms = +0.0195V

CR10 ground =

0.035A x 2/1000 x 6.5ohms = +0.0005V

Ground at the pH meter is 0.0190 V higher than
ground at the CR10. The meter output is 0-1
volt referenced to meter ground, for the full
range of 14 pH units, or 0.0714 V/pH. Thus, if
the output is measured with a single-ended
voltage measurement, it is 0.0190 V or 0.266
pH units too high. If this offset remained
constant, it could be corrected in programming.
However, it is better to use a differential voltage
measurement which does not rely on the
current drain remaining constant. The program
that follows illustrates the use of Instruction 2 to
make the measurement. A multiplier of 0.014 is
used to convert the millivolt output into pH
units.

PROGRAM

01:

P2

Volt (DIFF)

01:

1

Rep

02:

25

2500 mV 60 Hz rejection

03:

1

IN Chan

04:

1

Loc [:pH ]

05:

0.014

Mult

06:

0

Offset

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Summary of Contents for CR10 PROM

Page 1: ...CR10 MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL MODULE OPERATOR S MANUAL REVISION 3 96 COPYRIGHT c 1987 1996 CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC ...

Page 2: ...This is a blank page ...

Page 3: ...bjected to modification misuse neglect accidents of nature or shipping damage This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC INC is not liable for special indirect incidental or consequential damages Products may not be returned without prior authorization To obtain a Returned Mat...

Page 4: ...This is a blank page ...

Page 5: ...MING THE CR10 OV4 1 Functional Modes OV 10 OV4 2 Key Definition OV 10 OV4 3 Programming Sequence OV 11 OV4 4 Instruction Format OV 11 OV4 5 Entering a Program OV 12 OV5 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES OV5 1 Sample Program 1 OV 13 OV5 2 Sample Program 2 OV 14 OV5 3 Editing an Existing Program OV 15 OV6 DATA RETRIEVAL OPTIONS OV 17 OV7 SPECIFICATIONS OV 20 PROGRAMMING 1 FUNCTIONAL MODES 1 1 Program Tables 1 2 ...

Page 6: ... 3 9 Instruction Memory and Execution Time 3 5 3 10 Error Codes 3 8 DATA RETRIEVAL COMMUNICATION 4 EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4 1 On Line Data Transfer Instruction 96 4 1 4 2 Manually Initiated Data Output 8 Mode 4 3 4 3 Cassette Tape Option 4 3 4 4 Printer Output Formats 4 5 4 5 Storage Module SM192 716 4 6 4 6 9 Mode Storage Module Commands 4 7 5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 5 1 Telecommunications Comma...

Page 7: ...lock 7 13 7 15 Nonlinear Thermistor in Half Bridge Model 101 Probe 7 14 7 16 Water Level Geokon s Vibrating Wire Pressure Sensor 7 15 7 17 Paroscientific T Series Pressure Transducer 7 19 7 18 SDM Peripherals 7 24 7 19 Paroscientific Pressure Transducer Processing 7 24 8 PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8 1 Computation of Running Average 8 1 8 2 Rainfall Intensity 8 2 8 3 Using Control Port...

Page 8: ...ion to the CR10WP Wiring Panel 14 5 14 6 Vehicle Power Supply Connections 14 5 14 7 Grounding 14 6 14 8 Wiring Panel 14 7 14 9 Switched 12 Volt 14 7 14 10 Use of Digital I O Ports for Switching Relays 14 7 14 11 Maintenance 14 9 APPENDICES A GLOSSARY A 1 B CR10 PROM SIGNATURE AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE B 1 PROM Signature and Version B 1 B 2 Available PROMs Library Options B 1 B 3 Description of Library...

Page 9: ...CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES LT 1 LIST OF FIGURES LF 1 INDEX I 1 ...

Page 10: ...CR10 TABLE OF CONTENTS vi This is a blank page ...

Page 11: ...the A Mode to repartition memory Section 1 5 2 7 ALL memory can be erased and the CR10 completely reset by entering 1986 for the number of bytes left in Program Memory Section 1 5 2 8 The set of instructions available in the CR10 is determined by the PROM Programmable Read Only Memory that it is equipped with Standard and optional software are identified in Appendix B If you have ordered optional ...

Page 12: ...4 cannot perform many of the functions that the SM192 and SM716 are capable of performing 5 Voltages in excess of 5 5 volts applied to a control port can cause the CR10 to malfunction 6 Voltage pulses can be counted by CR10 Pulse Counters configured for High Frequency Pulses However when the pulse is actually a low frequency signal below about 10 Hz AND the positive voltage excursion exceeds 5 6 V...

Page 13: ... The Prompt Sheet is an abbreviated description of the programming instructions Once familiar with the CR10 it is possible to program it using only the Prompt Sheet as a reference consulting the manual if further detail is needed Read the Selected Operating Details and Cautionary Notes at the front of the Manual before using the CR10 OV1 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION The CR10 is a fully programmable datalo...

Page 14: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 2 ...

Page 15: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 3 FIGURE OV1 1 1 CR10 and Wiring Panel ...

Page 16: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 4 FIGURE OV1 1 2 CR10 Wiring Panel Instruction Access ...

Page 17: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 5 ...

Page 18: ...NALOG GROUND AG The AG terminals are analog grounds used as the reference for single ended measurements and excitation return OV1 1 6 12V AND POWER GROUND G TERMINALS The 12V and power ground G terminals are used to supply 12V DC power to the datalogger The extra 12V and G terminals can be used to connect other devices requiring 12V power The G terminals are also used to tie cable shields to groun...

Page 19: ... MEMORY The CR10 has 64K bytes of Random Access Memory RAM divided into five areas The use of the Input Intermediate and Final Storage in the measurement and data processing sequence is shown in Figure OV2 1 1 While the total size of these three areas remains constant memory may be reallocated between the areas to accommodate different measurement and processing needs A Mode Section 1 5 The size o...

Page 20: ...ut Storage Summaries for Final Storage are generated when a Program Control Instruction sets the Output Flag in response to time or events Results may be redirected to Input Storage for further processing Examples include sums averages max min standard deviation histograms etc Output Flag set high FINAL STORAGE Final results from OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS are stored here for on line or interr...

Page 21: ...sing occurs only when the Output Flag is high The Output Processing Instructions check the Output Flag If the flag is high final values are calculated and output With the Average the totals are divided by the number of samples and the resulting averages sent to Final Storage Intermediate locations are zeroed and the process starts over The Output Flag Flag 0 is set high by a Program Control Instru...

Page 22: ... table can have many different output intervals and conditions each with a unique data set Output Array Program Control Instructions are used to set the Output Flag The Output Processing Instructions which follow the instruction setting the Output Flag determine the data output and its sequence Each additional Output Array is created by another Program Control Instruction checking a output conditi...

Page 23: ...computer with a straight 25 pin cable or if the computer has a 9 pin serial port a standard 9 to 25 pin adapter cable To establish the communication link between the computer and the CR10 the user may either select the T option and send carriage returns as described above or select the C option to Call the station see PC208 Operator s Manual Once the link is active issue the 7H command to enter th...

Page 24: ...aud rate and respond with Enter the 7H command to enter the Remote Keyboard State At this point the CR10 can be controlled using the Keyboard Commands described in Section OV4 For additional information on communications see Section 6 7 OV4 PROGRAMMING THE CR10 A program is created by entering it directly into the datalogger or on a computer using the PC208 Datalogger Support Software program EDLO...

Page 25: ...uter terminal to communicate with the CR10 Telecommunications there are some keys available in addition to those found on the CR10KD Table OV4 2 2 lists these keys TABLE OV4 2 2 Additional Keys Allowed in Telecommunications Key Action Change Sign Index same as C CR Enter advance same as A Colon used in setting time S or S Stops transmission of data 10 second time out any character restarts C or C ...

Page 26: ...may be measured with a single Instruction 11 Temp 107 with four repetitions Parameter 2 specifies the input channel of the first thermistor the probes must be connected to sequential channels Parameter 4 specifies the Input Storage location in which to store measurements from the first thermistor If location 5 were used and the first probe was on channel 1 the temperature of the thermistor on chan...

Page 27: ...rs Using the Prompt Sheet while going through these examples will help you become familiar with its format Sections 9 12 have more detailed descriptions of the instructions Connect the CR10 to either a CR10KD Keyboard Display or a terminal Section OV2 With the Wiring Panel connected to the CR10 hook up the power leads as described in Section OV1 2 If using a terminal use the 7H command to get into...

Page 28: ...ble and begin logging 6 06 0000 Enter 6 Mode to view Input Storage A 01 21 234 Advance to first storage location Panel temp is 21 234oC display shows actual temp Display Will Show Key ID Data Explanation Wait a few seconds 01 21 423 The CR10 has read the sensor and stored the result again The internal temp is now 21 423 oC The value is updated every 5 seconds when the table is executed At this poi...

Page 29: ... type T copper constantan thermocouple the CR10 should have arrived with a short type T thermocouple connected to differential channel 5 When using a type T thermocouple the copper lead blue is connected to the high input of the differential channel and the constantan lead red is connected to the low input A thermocouple produces a voltage that is proportional to the difference in temperature betw...

Page 30: ...Remember A is used to enter and or advance i e between each line in the example below This format is similar to the format used in EDLOG It s a good idea to have both the manual and the Prompt Sheet handy when going through this example You can find the program instructions and parameters on the Prompt Sheet and can read their complete definitions in the manual To obtain daily output the If Time i...

Page 31: ... 01 0 0 minutes into the interval 02 60 60 minute interval 03 10 Set Output Flag 0 The CR10 is programmed to measure the thermocouple temperature every sixty seconds The If Time instruction sets the Output Flag at the beginning of every hour Next the Output Instructions for time and average are added 04 P77 Output Time instruction 01 110 Store Julian day hour and minute 05 P71 Average instruction ...

Page 32: ...se options are covered in detail in Sections 2 4 and 5 Figure OV6 1 1 summarizes the various possible methods Regardless of the method used there are three general approaches to retrieving data from a datalogger 1 On line output of Final Storage data to a peripheral storage device On a regular schedule that storage device is either milked of its data or is brought back to the office lab where the ...

Page 33: ...ge Printer other Telecommunications Module Serial Device RF Phone Short Haul SC32A Inst 96 Inst 96 Inst 97 8 8 9 Inst 98 Telecommunications Commands TABLE OV6 1 2 Data Retrieval Sections in Manual Instruction or Mode Section in Manual 96 4 1 12 Instr 97 12 8 4 2 9 4 5 Telecommunications 5 ...

Page 34: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 22 ...

Page 35: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 23 FIGURE OV6 1 1 Data Retrieval Hardware Options ...

Page 36: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 24 OV7 SPECIFICATIONS ...

Page 37: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 25 ...

Page 38: ...CR10 OVERVIEW OV 26 ...

Page 39: ...ast single ended measurements with standard software is 192 measurements per second 12 measurements repeated 16 times per second If the specified execution interval for a table is less than the time required to process that table the CR10 finishes processing the table and waits for the next occurrence of the execution interval before again initiating the table i e when the execution interval has e...

Page 40: ...or 97 can interrupt it While 97 or 98 is being executed as a result of the respective port going high that port interrupt is disabled i e the subroutine must be completed before the port going high will have any effect 1 1 4 COMPILING A PROGRAM When a program is first entered or if any changes are made in the 1 2 3 A or C Modes the program must be compiled before it starts running The compile func...

Page 41: ...isplay will read 06 0000 One can advance to view the value stored in input location 1 by keying A To go directly to a specific location key in the location number before keying A For example to view the value contained in Input Storage location 20 key in 6 20 A The ID portion of the display shows the last 2 digits of the location number If the value stored in the location being monitored is the re...

Page 42: ...t were enabled at compilation time The display is not updated after entering 0 NOTE All output ports are set low the timer is reset and data values in Input and Intermediate Storage are RESET TO ZERO whenever the program tables are altered and the Program is recompiled with the 0 Mode The same is true when the programs are compiled with B or D To minimize current drain the CR10 should be left in t...

Page 43: ...SECTION 1 FUNCTIONAL MODES 1 5 require 2 Section 2 describes Final Storage and data retrieval in detail Table 1 5 1 lists the basic memory functions and the amount of memory allotted to them ...

Page 44: ...d therefore the data in this area are preserved When A is entered the first number displayed is the number of memory locations allocated to Input Storage The A key is used to advance through the next 4 windows Table 1 5 2 describes what the values in the A Mode represent The number of memory locations allocated to Input Intermediate and Final Storage Area 2 defaults at power up to the values in Ta...

Page 45: ...SECTION 1 FUNCTIONAL MODES 1 7 A 05 XXXXX Bytes free in program memory Key in 1986 to completely reset datalogger ...

Page 46: ...86 the total bytes available COMPLETELY RESETS THE CR10 All memory is erased and the power up memory check and initialization is repeated as if the power were switched off and on again 1 6 MEMORY TESTING AND SYSTEM STATUS B The B Mode is used to 1 read the signature of the program memory and the software PROM 2 display the size of RAM PROM 3 display the number of E08 occurrences Section 3 10 4 dis...

Page 47: ...write protected memory and affect the program signature When security is disabled C will advance directly to the window containing the first password A non zero password must be entered in order to advance to the next window Leaving a password 0 or entering 0 for the password disables that and subsequent levels of security Security may be temporarily disabled by entering a password in the C Mode o...

Page 48: ...SECTION 1 FUNCTIONAL MODES 1 10 1 Send ASCII Program 2 Load ASCII Program 7N Save Load Clear Program from Storage Module N ...

Page 49: ...RAGE ARE ERASED If the CR10 program has not been compiled when the command to save a program 1 3 or 7 is entered it will be compiled before the program is saved After a command is executed 13 0000 is displayed D must be entered again before another command can be given TABLE 1 8 3 Program Load Error Codes E 96 Storage Module not connected or wrong address E 97 Data not encountered within 30 sec E ...

Page 50: ...a is not loaded into the editor or compiled until the CR10 receives a command to do so The maximum size of the buffer is 1 5K The minimum file that could be sent is the program listing then E E C C tells the CR10 to send the signature Appendix C 3 for the current buffer of data If this signature does not match that calculated by the sending device B B can be sent to discard the current buffer and ...

Page 51: ...SECTION 1 FUNCTIONAL MODES 1 13 This is a blank page ...

Page 52: ...ns is ALWAYS retained in Final Storage Final Storage can be divided into two parts Final Storage Area 1 and Final Storage Area 2 Final Storage Area 1 is the default storage area and the only one used if the operator does not specifically allocate memory to Area 2 A minimum of 768 memory locations will ALWAYS be retained in Final Storage Area 1 Two Final Storage Areas may be used to 1 Output differ...

Page 53: ...2 2 ...

Page 54: ...ach Final Storage Area which are used to keep track of data transmission These pointers are 1 Display Pointer DPTR 2 Tape Pointer TPTR 3 Printer Pointer PPTR 4 Telecommunications Modem Pointer MPTR 5 Storage Module Pointer SPTR The DPTR is used to recall data to the keyboard display The positioning of this pointer and data recall are controlled from the keyboard 7 Mode The TPTR is used to control ...

Page 55: ...o the nearest 0 01 ft the level must be less than 70 ft for low resolution output to display the 0 01 ft increment If the water level was expected to range from 50 to 80 feet the data could either be output in high resolution or could be offset by 20 ft transforming the range to 30 to 50 ft 2 2 2 INPUT AND INTERMEDIATE STORAGE DATA FORMAT While output data have the limits described above the compu...

Page 56: ...tion entered Whenever a location number is displayed by using the key the corresponding data point can be displayed by pressing the C key The same element in the next Output Array with the same ID can be displayed by hitting A The same element in the previous array can be displayed by hitting B If the element is 1 Array ID then A advances to the next array and B backs up to the previous array 0A b...

Page 57: ...parameter on many of the I O Processing and Output Processing Instructions is used to repeat the instruction on a number of sequential Input Channels or Input Storage locations For example if you are making 4 differential voltage measurements on the same voltage range wire the inputs to sequential channels and enter the Differential Voltage Measurement Instruction once with 4 repetitions rather th...

Page 58: ...errors and possible overranging on the other analog inputs Voltages greater than 16 volts may permanently damage the CR10 NOTE Voltages in excess of 5 5 volts applied to a control port can cause the CR10 to malfunction 3 6 OUTPUT PROCESSING Most Output Processing Instructions require both an Intermediate Data Processing operation and a Final Data Processing operation For example when the Average I...

Page 59: ...a values is placed in Final Data Storage by Output Processing Instructions when the Output Flag Flag 0 is set high This group of data is called an Output Array The Output Flag is set using Program Control Instructions according to time or event dependent intervals specified by the user The Output Flag is set low at the beginning of each table Output is most often desired at fixed intervals this is...

Page 60: ...3 By inserting the flag test Instruction 91 at appropriate points in the program the user can use the 6 Mode to manually direct program execution 3 8 PROGRAM CONTROL LOGICAL CONSTRUCTIONS Most of the Program Control Instructions have a command code parameter which is used to specify the action to be taken if the condition tested in the instruction is true Table 3 8 1 lists these codes TABLE 3 8 1 ...

Page 61: ...is executed and execution branches to the END Instruction 95 which closes the case test see Instruction 93 3 8 2 NESTING A branching or loop instruction which occurs before a previous branch or loop has been closed is nested The maximum nesting level is 9 deep Loop Instruction 87 and Begin Case Instruction 93 both count as 1 level Instructions 83 86 88 89 91 and 92 each count as one level when use...

Page 62: ...SECTION 3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3 6 ...

Page 63: ...SECTION 3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3 7 ...

Page 64: ...AL R 0 31 1 2 2 0 0 4 order R 56 SAT VP 1 0 6 4 2 57 WDT VP 1 0 10 8 1 58 LP FILTER R R 13 0 5 2 2R 59 X 1 X 1 0 9 0 4 3 0R 61 INDIR MOVE 1 0 6 0 4 neither indexed 0 5 1 location indexed 0 7 both locations indexed 63 PARA EXTN 0 0 10 0 1 66 ARC TAN 1 0 8 6 7 TABLE 3 9 3 Output Instruction Memory and Execution Times R No of Reps INTER MEM FINAL PROG EXECUTION TIME ms INSTRUCTION LOC VALUES1 BYTES F...

Page 65: ...SECTION 3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3 9 1Output values may be sent to either Final Storage area or Input Storage with Instruction 80 ...

Page 66: ...gram is attempting to store data in input locations beyond those allocated Run time errors 9 and 31 are the result of programming errors While error 8 will display the number of the instruction that was being executed when the error occurred it is unlikely that the instruction has anything to do with the error If there is a run time error in a table with a fast execution interval the error may be ...

Page 67: ...re END of previous subroutine 21 Compile END without IF LOOP or SUBROUTINE 22 Compile Missing END 23 Compile Nonexistent SUBROUTINE 24 Compile ELSE in SUBROUTINE without IF 25 Compile ELSE without IF 26 Compile EXIT LOOP without LOOP 27 Compile IF CASE without BEGIN CASE 30 Compile IF and or LOOP nested too deep 31 Run Time SUBROUTINES nested too deep 40 Editor Instruction does not exist 41 Editor...

Page 68: ...SECTION 3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3 12 This is a blank page ...

Page 69: ...ne time The SM192 and SM716 Storage Modules are addressed The CR10 can tell when the addressed device is present The CR10 will not send data meant for the Storage module if the Storage Module is not present Section 4 5 2 The 9 Mode Section 4 6 allows the user to communicate directly with the Storage Module and to perform several functions including review of data battery test review of Storage Mod...

Page 70: ...he most efficient use of cassette tape and power is made with the CASSETTE TAPE option to transfer data in blocks of 512 Final Storage locations Data is always written in the equivalent of 512 locations If code 09 was used and there are only 10 new values sending this data would include 502 null characters Option 09 transfer any new data is used if it is desired to run the tape only at particular ...

Page 71: ...s per Output Array remember to add 1 overhead data point 2 bytes per array for the Output Array ID For example assume that 29900 locations are assigned to Final Storage A Mode and that 1 Output Array containing the Array ID 1 memory location 9 low resolution data points 9 memory locations and 5 high resolution data points 10 memory locations is stored each hour In addition an Output Array with the...

Page 72: ...ell Scientific recommends the use of C 60 30 minutes per side cassettes TDK Maxell and equivalent quality cassette tapes perform well and are readily available Bargain priced tapes have often performed poorly and are not recommended New tapes are often tightly wound creating enough drag or pressure to cause the tape recorder to pop out of the record mode This potential loss of data may be overcome...

Page 73: ...5 above to ensure that the recorder is correctly connected Leave the CR10 in the 0 Mode When on line the CR10 dumps data to tape in 512 location blocks unless the option to dump any new data is selected in Instruction 96 When picking up a data tape from a field site dump the residual data data which has accumulated since the last full block before removing the tape Dump the residual data by enteri...

Page 74: ...SECTION 4 EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4 6 ...

Page 75: ...t precedes the data from the second The SM192 has 192K bytes of RAM storage the SM716 has 716K bytes Both can be configured as either ring or fill and stop memory 4 5 1 STORAGE MODULE ADDRESSING The capability of assigning different addresses to Storage Modules allows 1 multiple up to 8 Storage Modules to be connected to the CR10 during on line output Instruction 96 2 different data to be output t...

Page 76: ... the CR10 during an execution of P96 the user can Leave the SM connected for a time period longer than an execution interval OR Use the SC90 9 Pin Serial Line Monitor The SC90 contains an LED which lights up during data transmission The user connects the SM to the CR10 with the SC90 on the line and waits for the LED to light When the light goes off data transfer is complete and the SM can be disco...

Page 77: ...SECTION 4 EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4 9 one response advance through these and return to the 9 command state by keying A ...

Page 78: ...NDER LOAD 0 low 1 OK 7 07 00 DISPLAY DATA Select the Storage Module Area with the these codes 0 Dump pointer to SRP 1 File 1 current file 2 File 2 previous to file 1 3 File 3 previous to file 2 4 File 4 previous to file 3 5 File 5 previous to file 4 7 Display pointer to SRP 9 Oldest data to SRP 1 5 will loop within file boundaries 0 7 9 allow display to cross boundaries 07 XXXXXX SM location at en...

Page 79: ...SECTION 4 EXTERNAL STORAGE PERIPHERALS 4 11 10 0X X is current address enter address to change to 1 8 ...

Page 80: ...ers and the handling of data files This package PC208 has been designed to meet the most common needs in datalogger support and telecommunications Therefore this section does not furnish sufficient detail to write telecommunications software Appendix C contains some details of binary data transfer and Campbell Scientific s binary data format The emphasis of this section is on the commands that a p...

Page 81: ...3 The CR10 sends ASCII data with 8 bits no parity one start bit and one stop bit After the CR10 answers a ring or completes a command it waits about 40 seconds 127 seconds in the Remote Keyboard State for a valid character to arrive It hangs up if it does not receive a valid character in this time interval Some modems are quite noisy when not on line it is possible for valid characters to appear i...

Page 82: ...YR DAY HR MM SS C RESET SEND TIME If time is entered the time is reset If only 2 colons are in the time string HR MM SS is assumed 3 colons means DAY HR MM SS If only the C is entered time is unaltered CR10 returns year Julian day hr min sec and Checksum Y xx Dxxxx Txx xx xx Cxxxx no of arrays D ASCII DUMP If necessary the MPTR is advanced to start of scan CR10 sends the number of arrays specified...

Page 83: ...ither 7H or 2718H and a carriage return CR The CR10 responds by sending a CR line feed LF and the prompt The CR10 is then ready to receive the standard keyboard commands it recognizes all the standard CR10 keyboard characters plus several additional characters such as the decimal point and the minus sign Section OV3 2 ENTERING 0 RETURNS THE CR10 TO THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMAND STATE Remember tha...

Page 84: ... I Ring Raised by a peripheral to put the CR10 in the telecommunications mode 4 RXD I Receive Data Serial data transmitted by a peripheral are received on pin 4 5 ME O Modem Enable Raised when the CR10 determines that a modem raised the ring line PIN ABR I O Description 6 SDE O Synchronous Device Enable Used to address Synchronous Devices SDs and can be used as an enable line for printers 7 CLK HS...

Page 85: ...herals include Campbell Scientific phone modems and computers or terminals using the SC32A RS232 interface The CR10 interprets a ring interrupt Section 6 3 to come from a modem if the device raises the CR10 s Ring line and holds it high until the CR10 raises the ME line Only one modem terminal may be connected to the CR10 Print Peripherals are defined as peripherals which have an asynchronous seri...

Page 86: ...ed the Ring line the hierarchy is as follows A modem which raises the Ring line will interrupt and gain control of the CR10 The one exception is that a modem cannot interrupt an active RF SDC A ring from a modem aborts data transfer to pin enabled and addressed peripherals The CR10KD raises the ring line whenever a key is pressed The CR10KD will not be serviced when the modem or RF SDC is being se...

Page 87: ...id characters 6 6 SYNCHRONOUS DEVICE COMMUNICATION The CR10 differs from other Campbell Scientific dataloggers by its ability to address Synchronous Devices SDs SDs differ from enabled peripherals Section 6 2 1 in that they are not enabled solely by a hardware line An SD is enabled by an address synchronously clocked from the CR10 Up to 16 SDs may be addressed by the CR10 requiring only three pins...

Page 88: ...6 5 FIGURE 6 6 1 Addressing Sequence for the RF Modem ...

Page 89: ...192 Storage Module Inactive SDs ignore data on the TXD line and are not allowed to use the CLK HS or RXD lines Inactive SDs may raise the Ring line to request service STATE 5 State 5 is a branch from State 1 when the SDE line is high and the CLK HS line is low The SDs must drop the Ring line in this state This state is not used by SDs The CR10 must force the SDs back to the reset state from State ...

Page 90: ... 2 a direct ribbon cable connects the computer terminal to the SC32A Clear to Send CTS pin 5 Data Set Ready DSR pin 6 and Received Line Signal Detect RLSD pin 8 are held high by the SC32A when the RS232 section is powered which should satisfy hardware handshake requirements of the computer terminal Table 6 7 2 lists the most common RS232 configuration for Data Terminal Equipment TABLE 6 7 2 DTE Pi...

Page 91: ...SECTION 6 9 PIN SERIAL INPUT OUTPUT 6 8 22 RI I Ring Indicator The modem raises this line to tell the terminal that the phone is ringing 7 SG Signal Ground Voltages are measured relative to this point ...

Page 92: ...The CR10 ignores the 8th bit of a character that is receives and transmits the 8th bit as a binary 0 This method is generally described as no parity To separate ASCII characters a Start bit is sent before the 1st bit and a Stop bit is sent after the 8th bit The start bit is always a space and the stop bit is always a mark Between characters the signal is in the marking condition Figure 6 7 1 shows...

Page 93: ...Serial Card for Apple computers can be configured as DTE or DCE with a jumper block Pin functions must match with Table 6 7 2 If you are using a computer to communicate with the datalogger communication software must be used to enable the serial port and to make the computer function as a terminal Campbell Scientific s TERM program part of the PC208 Datalogger Support Software provides this functi...

Page 94: ...he silicon pyranometer outputs a current which is dependent upon the solar radiation incident upon the sensor The current is measured as the voltage drop across a fixed resistor The Campbell Scientific LI200S uses a 100 ohm resistor The calibration supplied by LI COR the manufacturers of the pyranometer is given in µA kW m2 To convert calibration values to volts multiply the µA calibration by the ...

Page 95: ...is 18 AWG with an average resistance of 6 5 ohms 1000 ft The power leads to the CR10 and pH meter are 2 ft and 10 ft respectively Typical current drain for the pH meter is 300 mA When making measurements the CR10 draws about 35 mA Since voltage is equal to current multiplied by resistance V IR ground voltages at the pH meter and the CR10 relative to battery ground are pH meter ground 0 3A x 10 100...

Page 96: ...easuring a thermocouple in differential channel 1 The temperature C of the CR10TCR is stored in Input Location 1 and the thermocouple temperatures C in Locations 2 6 PROGRAM 01 P11 Temp 107 Probe 01 1 Rep 02 1 IN Chan 03 3 Excite all reps w EXchan 3 04 1 Loc REF TEMP 05 1 Mult 06 0 Offset 02 P14 Thermocouple Temp DIFF 01 5 Reps 02 22 7 5 mV 60 Hz rejection Range 03 2 IN Chan 04 1 Type T Copper Con...

Page 97: ...c TC 1 07 1 Mult 08 0 Offset 7 5 107 TEMPERATURE PROBE Instruction 11 excites Campbell Scientific s 107 Thermistor Probe or the thermistor portion of the 207 temperature and relative humidity probe with a 2 VAC excitation makes a single ended measurement and calculates temperature C with a fifth order polynomial In this example the temperatures are obtained from three 107 probes The measurements a...

Page 98: ... CR10 s Pulse Count Instruction The Pulse Count Instruction with a Configuration Code of 20 measures high frequency pulses discards data from excessive intervals and outputs the reading as a frequency Hz pulses per second The frequency output is the only output option that is independent of the scan rate The anemometer used in this example is the R M Young Model 12102D Cup Anemometer with a 10 win...

Page 99: ... thousandths of an ohm resistance In this example it is desired to measure a temperature in the range of 10 to 40 C The length of the cable from the CR10 to the PRT is 500 feet Figure 7 9 1 shows the circuit used to measure the PRT The 10 kohm resistor allows the use of a high excitation voltage and low voltage ranges on the measurements This insures that noise in the excitation does not have an e...

Page 100: ...6 Mode The reading is Rs Rf which is equal to Ro Rf since Rs Ro The correct value of the multiplier Rf R0 is the reciprocal of this reading The initial reading assumed for this example was 0 9890 The correct multiplier is Rf R0 1 0 9890 1 0111 The fixed 100 ohm resistor must be thermally stable Its precision is not important because the exact resistance is incorporated along with that of the PRT i...

Page 101: ... is 2 but is more likely to be on the order of 1 The resistance of Rs calculated with Instruction 7 is actually Rs plus the difference in resistance of wires A and B The average resistance of 22 AWG wire is 16 5 ohms per 1000 feet which would give each 500 foot lead wire a nominal resistance of 8 3 ohms Two percent of 8 3 ohms is 0 17 ohms Assuming that the greater resistance is in wire B the resi...

Page 102: ...needed so that the control algorithm will be able to respond to minute changes in temperature The highest resolution is obtained when the temperature range results in an output voltage Vs range which fills the measurement range selected in Instruction 6 The full bridge configuration allows the bridge to be balanced Vs 0V at or near the control temperature Thus the output voltage can go both positi...

Page 103: ...used to measure the pressure transducer The high output of the semiconductor strain gage necessitates the use of the 25 mV input range The sensor is calibrated by connecting it to the CR10 and using Instruction 6 an excitation voltage of 2500 mV a multiplier of 1 and an offset of 0 noting the readings 6 Mode with 10 cm of water above the sensor and with 334 6 cm of water above the sensor The outpu...

Page 104: ...l or evaporation results in a 31 416 kg change in mass The load cell can measure 113 6 kg a 227 kg range This represents a maximum change of 909 kg 28 cm of water in the lysimeter before the counterbalance would have to be readjusted There is 1000 feet of 22 AWG cable between the CR10 and the load cell The output of the load cell is directly proportional to the excitation voltage When Instruction ...

Page 105: ... x 2 2 lb kg x 3 1416 kg mm 4 0 02147 mV V1 mm The reciprocal of this gives the multiplier to convert mV V1 into millimeters The result of Instruction 9 is the ratio of the output voltage to the actual excitation voltage multiplied by 1000 which is mV V1 1 0 02147 mV V1 mm 46 583 mm mV V1 The output from the load cell is connected so that the voltage increases as the mass of the lysimeter increase...

Page 106: ...th order polynomial to convert block resistance to water potential in bars There are two polynomials one to optimize the range from 0 1 to 2 bars and one to cover the range from 0 1 to 10 bars the minus sign is omitted in the output The 0 1 to 2 bar polynomial requires a multiplier of 1 in the Bridge Transform Instruction result in kohms and the 0 1 to 10 bar polynomial requires a multiplier of 0 ...

Page 107: ...easure is used because the high source resistance of the probe requires a long input settling time Section 12 3 1 The excitation voltage is 2000 mV the same as used in the CR21 The signal voltage is then transformed to temperature using the Polynomial Instruction The manual for the 101 Probe gives the coefficients of the 5th order polynomial used to convert the output in millivolts to temperature ...

Page 108: ...and highest frequencies are entered by the user in units of hundreds of Hz This swept frequency causes the wire to vibrate at each of the individual frequencies Ideally all of the frequencies except the one matching the resonant frequency of the wire will die out in a very short time The wire will vibrate with the resonant frequency for a relatively long period of time cutting the lines of flux in...

Page 109: ...the distance from the lip of the well to the water surface The sensor is vented to atmosphere to eliminate measurement errors due to changes in barometric pressure The water level is expected to stay within 40 to 80 feet of the lip so the 50 psi pressure sensor is placed approximately 100 feet below the lip of the well The calibration data from Geokon is provided in Table 7 16 1 TABLE 7 16 1 Calib...

Page 110: ...SECTION 7 MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7 17 FIGURE 7 16 2 Well Monitoring Example ...

Page 111: ...1 Excite all reps w EXchan 1 05 1 Delay units 01sec 06 2500 mV Excitation 07 1 Loc TEMP 08 001 Mult 09 0 Offset 02 P55 Polynomial 01 1 Rep 02 1 X Loc TEMP 03 1 F X Loc TEMP 04 104 78 C0 05 378 11 C1 06 611 59 C2 07 544 27 C3 08 240 91 C4 09 43 089 C5 03 P28 Vibrating Wire SE 01 1 Rep 02 2 IN Chan 03 1 Excite all reps w EXchan 1 04 24 Starting Freq units 100 Hz 05 32 End Freq units 100 Hz 06 500 No...

Page 112: ... sec at least the maximum duration of the of cycles specified 1 1 2 cycles 06 4 Destination input location 07 FP Multiplier 08 FP Offset GAIN OUTPUT OPTION PARAMETER 2 The nominal pressure frequency range is 32 to 42 kHz over the stated pressure range period of 3 1 10 5 to 2 4 10 5 The nominal temperature frequency is 172 kHz 50 ppm C period of 5 8 10 6 The gain output option Parameter 2 is based ...

Page 113: ...he 14 coefficients Table 7 17 3 shows the correct format for entering the coefficients The coefficients shown are for transducer Serial Number 30135 Your coefficients will be different TABLE 7 17 3 Coefficient Entry Format for Paroscientific T Series Pressure Transducer Instruction 30 Coeff Value Param 1 Param 2 U0 5 860253 5 8603 0 0 Y1 3970 348 3970 3 0 0 Y2 7114 265 7114 3 0 0 Y3 102779 1 102 7...

Page 114: ... math M0 4 represents coefficients 0 through 4 and U is defined above With five coefficients T0 is the only parameter requiring a fourth order polynomial To maintain the fourth order format zero value dummy coefficients are plugged in where required for the temperature D and C coefficients Instructions to output the readings to Final Storage are not included in this example 1 Table 1 Programs 01 6...

Page 115: ...o 2 02 6 Y Loc TAU 2 03 40 Z Loc SCRATCH 1 14 P30 Z F 01 1 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 41 Z Loc SCRATCH 2 15 P35 Z X Y 01 41 X Loc SCRATCH 2 02 40 Y Loc SCRATCH 1 03 5 Z Loc 1 T Ta 16 P54 Block Move 01 5 No of Values 02 30 First Source Loc D5 DUMMY 03 1 Source Step 04 15 Destination Loc POLLY M4 05 1 Destination Step 17 P86 Do 01 2 Call Subroutine 2 18 P31 Z X 01 40 X Loc SCRATCH 1 02 13 Z Loc D 19 P...

Page 116: ... 0 Exponent of 10 03 28 Z Loc C2 10 P30 Z F 01 119 29 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 27 Z Loc C3 11 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 26 Z Loc C4 DUMMY 12 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 25 Z Loc C5 DUMMY 13 P30 Z F 01 30 884 F 02 3 Exponent of 10 03 34 Z Loc D1 14 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 33 Z Loc D2 15 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 32 Z Loc D3 DUMMY 16 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 ...

Page 117: ...multiplexer and 104 SDM CD16 16 channel control port expansion Please consult the SDM peripheral manual for programming examples 7 19 PAROSCIENTIFIC PRESSURE TRANSDUCER PROCESSING This example demonstrates the use of Instruction 64 and 65 for calculating the pressure measured with a Paroscientific T Series transducer Figure 7 17 1 details the components required for connecting the transducer to th...

Page 118: ...iod Average SE 01 1 Rep 02 4 Input gain 1 03 1 IN Chan 04 5000 No of Cycles 05 15 Time Out units 01sec 06 2 Loc PRESS us 07 1 Mult 08 0 Offset 04 P64 Paro Processing 01 1 Start Loc Temp us Pressure us U0 T5 02 17 Start Loc Temp C Pressure psi SIG 05 P End Table 1 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01 P85 Beginning of Subroutine 01 1 Subroutine Number 02 P30 Z F 01 5 8603 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 3 Z Loc U0 03 ...

Page 119: ... 0 Exponent of 10 03 15 Z Loc T4 15 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 16 Z Loc T5 16 P30 Z F 01 1 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 20 Z Loc COMP CHK 17 P95 End 18 P End Table 3 INPUT LOCATION LABELS 1 TEMP us 11 D2 2 PRESS us 12 T1 3 U0 13 T2 4 Y1 14 T3 5 Y2 15 T4 6 Y3 16 T5 7 C1 17 TEMP C 8 C2 18 psi 9 C3 19 SIG 10 D1 20 COMP CHK ...

Page 120: ... used the algorithm for computing this average must be programmed by the user The following example demonstrates a program for computing a running average In this example each time a new measurement is made in this case a thermocouple temperature an average is computed for the 10 most recent samples This is done by saving all 10 temperatures in contiguous input locations and using the Spatial Aver...

Page 121: ... i 4 3 HR AVG 5 XX mg M3 1 Table 1 Programs 01 5 Sec Execution Interval 01 P2 Volt DIFF 01 1 Rep 02 25 2500 mV 60 Hz rejection 03 3 IN Chan 04 5 Loc XX mg M3 05 10 Mult 06 0 Offset 02 P92 If time is 01 0 minutes into a 02 60 minute interval 03 10 Set high Flag 0 output 03 P80 Set Active Storage Area 01 3 Input Storage Area 02 3 Array ID or location 04 P71 Average 01 1 Rep 02 5 Loc XX mg M3 05 P51 ...

Page 122: ...iplexer board and used as a thermocouple temperature reference The AM416 switches the 223 moisture block out of the circuit when it is not being measured This eliminates the need for the blocking capacitors used in the model 227 soil moisture block The 223 blocks are about one fifth the cost of the 227 blocks Control ports are used to reset the AM416 and clock it through its channels The sequence ...

Page 123: ...P86 Do 01 72 Pulse Port 2 05 P14 Thermocouple Temp DIFF 01 1 Rep 02 21 2 5 mV 60 Hz rejection Range 03 1 IN Chan 04 1 Type T Copper Constantan 05 1 Ref Temp Loc REF TEMP 06 2 Loc TC TEMP 1 07 1 Mult 08 0 Offset 06 P5 AC Half Bridge 01 1 Rep 02 14 250 mV fast Range 03 3 IN Chan 04 1 Excite all reps w EXchan 1 05 250 mV Excitation 06 18 Loc SOIL M 1 07 1 Mult 08 0 Offset 07 P95 End 08 P86 Do 01 51 S...

Page 124: ...ontrol port 8 are substituted for a pulse counting channel to count switch closures on a tipping bucket rain gage The subroutine adds 0 254 mm bucket calibrated for 0 01 inch tip to an input location and uses Instruction 22 to delay 0 2 seconds The delay is to insure that any switch bouncing when closing the contacts actually bounce off each other making and breaking the circuit several times has ...

Page 125: ...et 02 P92 If time is 01 0 minutes into a 02 60 minute interval 03 10 Set high Flag 0 output 03 P77 Real Time 01 110 Day Hour Minute 04 P 72 Totalize 01 2 Reps 02 10 Loc Rain 1 05 P91 If Flag Port 01 10 Do if flag 0 output is high 02 30 Then Do 06 P70 Sample 01 1 Reps 02 12 Loc Rain 3 07 P30 Z F 01 0 F 02 0 Exponent of 10 03 12 Z Loc Rain 3 08 P86 Do 01 20 Set low Flag 0 output 09 P33 Z X Y 01 13 X...

Page 126: ...ple The example also includes instructions to output wind vector and average temperature and solar radiation every hour Input Location Labels 1 WS 2 0 360 WD 3 Ta 4 SR 5 WS output 6 0 540 out 7 Ta output 8 SR output 10 0 540 WD 1 Table 1 Programs 01 5 Sec Execution Interval 01 P3 Pulse 01 1 Rep 02 1 Pulse Input Chan 03 22 Switch Closure 04 1 Loc WS 05 1 789 Mult 06 1 Offset 02 P4 Excite Delay Volt...

Page 127: ... 540 If you have a 0 540 pot it can be used with the CR10 since the Wind Vector Instruction 69 will work with this output To change 0 360 degrees to the 0 540 degrees 360 degrees must sometimes be added to the reading when it is in the range of 0 to 180 The following algorithm does this by assuming that if the previous reading was less than 270 the vane has shifted through 180 degrees and does not...

Page 128: ...being reloaded until 11 seconds have passed The down counter is decremented by 1 each time the table is executed When it equals 0 all the data in Final Storage Area 2 is transferred to Final Storage Area 1 using Instruction 96 and Flag 1 is set low The down counter is set to 10 instead of 11 because it is decremented after checking to see if it is 0 Input Location Labels 1 FORCE LBS 2 DOWN CNT 1 T...

Page 129: ...10 minute pass through loop 6 the loop is exited Program execution returns to the top of the program table and the measurement schedule starts over again for the recharge test The sensor is a 50 PSI Druck model 930 ti with a calibration of 49 93 mV 10V of excitation or 4 993mV V Your calibration will be different An excitation voltage of 1500 mV yields a maximum signal of 7 489 mV at 50 PSI fully ...

Page 130: ...SECTION 8 PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8 11 01 1 Call Subroutine 1 10 P95 End Loop 4 Output every 2 minutes for 200 minutes 11 P87 Beginning of Loop 01 12 Delay 02 100 Loop Count ...

Page 131: ... Count 18 P86 Do 01 1 Call Subroutine 1 19 P91 If Flag Port 01 21 Do if flag 1 is low 02 31 Exit Loop if true 20 P95 End 21 P End Table 1 3 Table 3 Subroutines 01 P85 Beginning of Subroutine 01 1 Subroutine Number 02 P6 Full Bridge 01 1 Rep 02 22 7 5 mV 60 Hz rejection Range 03 1 IN Chan 04 1 Excite all reps w EXchan 1 05 1500 mV Excitation 06 1 Loc LEVEL FT 07 46199 Mult 08 102 Offset 03 P86 Do 0...

Page 132: ...SECTION 8 PROCESSING AND PROGRAM CONTROL EXAMPLES 8 13 This is a blank page ...

Page 133: ...1 per measurement 2 DIFFERENTIAL VOLTS FUNCTION This Instruction reads the voltage difference between the high and low inputs of a differential channel Table 9 1 contains all valid voltage ranges and their codes Both the high and low inputs must be within 2 5 V of the CR10 s ground see Common Mode Range in Section 14 3 2 Pyranometer and thermopile sensors require a jumper between LO and GROUND to ...

Page 134: ...lse count input channels each have eight bit counters Input frequencies greater than 2000 Hz the limit of the eight bit counter 255 counts at the reset interval of 0 125 second can be counted by combining two counters on one input channel When this option is selected channel 1 is used for the pulse input Channel 2 is not used Every 0 125 seconds the CR10 processor transfers the values from the 8 b...

Page 135: ...r measurement Intermediate storage locations altered 1 for each repetition 4 EXCITE DELAY AND MEASURE FUNCTION This instruction is used to apply an excitation voltage delay a specified time and then make a single ended voltage measurement A 1 before the excitation channel number 1X causes the channel to be incremented with each repetition PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Repetitions 02 2 Ra...

Page 136: ... resistance to a known resistance using a second voltage sensing wire from the sensor to compensate for lead wire resistance The measurement sequence is to apply an excitation voltage make two voltage measurements on two adjacent single ended channels the first on the reference resistor and the second on the voltage sensing wire from the sensor Figure 13 5 1 then reverse the excitation voltage and...

Page 137: ...o be incremented with each repetition When used as a 6 wire full bridge Figure 13 5 1 the connections are made so that V1 is the measurement of the voltage drop across the full bridge and V2 is the measurement of the bridge output Because the excitation voltage for a full bridge measurement is usually in the 2 5 V range the output is usually 1000 V2 V1 or millivolts output per volt excitation When...

Page 138: ... the RH measurements should also be stored sequentially to make use of the REP feature in Instruction 11 NOTE The temperature value used in compensating the RH value Parameter 5 must be obtained see Instruction 11 prior to executing Instruction 12 and must be in Celsius The RH results are placed sequentially into the input locations beginning with the first RH value In the 207 probe the RH and tem...

Page 139: ...SECTION 9 INPUT OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 9 7 to the calculated reference voltage then converts the voltage to temperature in C ...

Page 140: ...E MEASUREMENT Section 13 2 on the thermocouple adds the measured voltage to the voltage calculated for the reference temperature relative to 0 C and converts the combined voltage to temperature in C The differential inputs are briefly shorted to ground prior to making the voltage measurement to insure that they are within the common mode range Table 9 3 gives the thermocouple type codes for Parame...

Page 141: ...Hours into current year maximum 8784 PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Time Code 02 4 Number to modulo divide by 03 4 Input location number Input locations altered 1 19 MOVE SIGNATURE INTO INPUT LOCATION FUNCTION This instruction stores the signature of the Read Only Memory ROM and user program memory RAM into an input location The signature is a result of the CR10 PROM the size of RAM and t...

Page 142: ...ameter 2 can be set to zero and the off time delay parameter 3 can be used PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Excitation channel number 02 4 Delay time in hundredths of a second that excitation is on 03 4 Delay time in hundredths of a second after excitation is turned off 04 FP Excitation voltage in millivolts Input locations altered 0 23 BURST MEASUREMENT FUNCTION Instruction 23 will repeate...

Page 143: ...ions 1 250 those from the second channel in locations 251 500 etc If insufficient locations are allocated to Input Storage A to accommodate the number of locations called for by Parameter 6 multiplied by Parameter 1 e g 250 x 4 1000 an error code E 60 will be displayed when the program is compiled The number of scans determines how many samples will be saved and hence when Instruction 23 will be c...

Page 144: ...ements will be repeated every 5 ms The minimum time that is allowed per measurement is 1 333 ms The maximum time that is allowed per measurement is 50 ms If the scan interval entered does not allow this much time per measurement e g if with 4 reps an interval less than 5 332 ms is entered an error code E 61 will be displayed when the program is compiled When sending data to the serial port the rat...

Page 145: ...serial output 24 CALIBRATION FUNCTION Put 19 calibration values into input locations If C is keyed before entering the input location then the automatic calibrations are simply displayed not measured Otherwise the calibration takes place only when Instruction 24 is executed automatic calibration is disabled Section 13 7 PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Input location number key C for result...

Page 146: ...SECTION 9 INPUT OUTPUT INSTRUCTIONS 9 14 NOTE Voltages in excess of 5 5 volts applied to a control port can cause the CR10 to malfunction ...

Page 147: ...cy of the signal in kHz may be output instead of the period The specified number of cycles are timed with a resolution of 60 nanoseconds making the resolution on the period 60 nanoseconds divided by the number of cycles measured Resolution is reduced by noise and signals with a slow transition through the zero voltage threshold The Time out parameter specifies the maximum length of time the instru...

Page 148: ...Time 2 3 ms 1 65 ms value averaging interval if used See Appendix C for possible extra processing time for higher frequency signals Intermediate Storage 1 location Input configurations Sect 4 2 0 5V logic level rising edge 1 5V logic level falling edge 2 low level ac rising edge 3 low level ac falling edge Function Sect 4 3 0 none 1 period in ms 2 frequency in Khz 3 time since previous channel s e...

Page 149: ...nd offset Parameters 6 and 7 are applied to all readings If a multiplier is not entered all readings are set to 0 If the SW8A does not respond 99999 will be loaded into input locations Modules which do not respond when addressed by the datalogger are possibly wired or addressed incorrectly Verify the address specified in Parameter 2 corresponds to the jumper setting and all connections are correct...

Page 150: ...ESCRIPTION 01 4 ADDRESS 0 9 02 2 COMMAND Table 1 03 2 PORT 1 8 04 4 INPUT LOC 05 FP MULT 06 FP OFFSET Input locations altered 0 9 SDI 12 sensor dependent Intermediate Locations required 9 PARAMETER 1 ADDRESS Enter the address of the SDI 12 sensor 0 9 Non standard addresses may be used entering the appropriate ASCII code PARAMETER 2 COMMAND Enter a number to select the command to be sent to the SDI...

Page 151: ...ng a Break and the sensor s address The sensor CR10 will call subroutine 98 whenever it detects activity on the SDI 12 data line attached to Port 8 but if the Break and the specified address are not received by Instruction 106 the remainder of the subroutine is not executed Two programming techniques exist for obtaining measurement values to be transferred by the sensor Instruction 106 The first t...

Page 152: ...ES Enter the time required for the sensor CR10 to complete subroutine 98 followed by the number of input locations to be returned to the SDI 12 recorder The format of the entry must be tttn where ttt specifies the time and n is the number of input locations values The time to complete subroutine 98 is the time required to execute all instructions from Instruction 106 SDI 12 sensor to the final Ins...

Page 153: ...eturn a set of input locations in response to the M or M1 M9 command sequence The set of Locations returned is determined by Parameters 2 and 3 of Instruction 106 The three values sent in response to a V command sequence indicate the status of the sensor CR10 The first and second values are from the B mode of the sensor CR10 giving the number of watchdog errors E08 and the number of table overruns...

Page 154: ... PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Source input location number X 02 4 Destination input location Z Input locations altered 1 32 INCREMENT INPUT LOCATION FUNCTION Add 1 to the current value in the specified input location PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Destination input location Z Input locations altered 1 33 X Y FUNCTION Add X to Y and place result in a third input location PARAM D...

Page 155: ...altered 1 39 SQUARE ROOT FUNCTION Take the square root of X and place the result in an input location If X is negative 0 will be stored as the result PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Input location of X X 02 4 Dest input location for X1 2 Z Input locations altered 1 40 LN X FUNCTION Take the natural logarithm of X and place the result in an input location If X is 0 or negative 99999 will be...

Page 156: ...PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Input location of X X 02 FP Fixed divisor F 03 4 Dest input loc For X MOD F Z Input locations altered 1 47 XY FUNCTION Raise X to the Y power and place the result in an input location PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Input location of X X 02 4 Input location of Y Y 03 4 Dest input location for XY Z Input locations altered 1 48 SIN X FUNCTION Calculate...

Page 157: ...IN or Z Input locations altered 1 or 2 51 SPATIAL AVERAGE FUNCTION Take the spatial average SPA AVG over the given set or SWATH of input locations and place the result in an input location PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Swath SWATH 02 4 Starting input location 1ST LOC 03 4 Dest input location of average AVG or Z Input locations altered 1 53 SCALING ARRAY WITH MULTIPLIER AND OFFSET FUNCTIO...

Page 158: ...ons altered 1 Reps 56 SATURATION VAPOR PRESSURE FUNCTION Calculate saturation vapor pressure over water SVPW in kilopascals from the air temperature C and place it in an input location The algorithm for obtaining SVPW from air temperature C is taken from Lowe Paul R 1977 An approximating polynomial for computation of saturation vapor pressure J Appl Meteor 16 100 103 Saturation vapor pressure over...

Page 159: ...ecomes less representative On the first execution after compiling F X is set equal to X PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Repetitions REPS 02 4 First input location for input data X 03 4 Dest input location for first filtered result F X or Z 04 FP Weighting function W W Input locations altered 1 for each repetition 59 BRIDGE TRANSFORM FUNCTION This instruction is used to aid in the conversio...

Page 160: ...ssure psi C 1 T0 2 Tau2 1 D 1 T0 2 Tau2 Temperature C Y1U Y2U2 Y3U3 where C C1 C2U C3U2 psi T0 T1 T2U T3U2 T4U3 T5U4 microsecond D D1 D2U microsecond U U t U0 microsecond Tau measured pressure microsecond U t measured temperature microsecond Values for the calibration coefficients U0 Y1 Y2 Y3 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 are provided by Paroscientific Instruction 64 has two parameters as shown be...

Page 161: ...correctly Signatures will be identical if and only if exactly the same coefficients are entered 65 BULK LOAD FUNCTION Instruction 65 inputs given values in up to eight Input Storage locations Instruction 65 is only in standard PROM OS10 1 1 The Bulk Load instruction has 9 parameters The first eight are the values to be entered in input storage locations The ninth is the input location for the firs...

Page 162: ... sensor threshold used in the standard deviation If this is the case instruction 89 can be used to check wind speed and if less than the threshold Instruction 30 can set the input location equal to 0 Standard deviation can be processed one of two ways 1 using every sample taken during the output period enter 0 for parameter 2 or 2 by averaging standard deviations processed from shorter sub interva...

Page 163: ...delines for use with straight line Gaussian dispersion models to model plume transport Option 1 Mean horizontal wind speed S Unit vector mean wind direction Θ1 Option 2 Mean horizontal wind speed S Resultant mean wind speed U Resultant mean wind direction Θu Standard deviation of wind direction σ Θu This standard deviation is calculated using Campbell Scientific s wind speed weighted algorithm Use...

Page 164: ...here for polar sensors Ue ΣSi Sin Θi N Un ΣSi Cos Θi N or in the case of orthogonal sensors Ue ΣUei N Un ΣUni N Resultant mean wind direction Θu Θu Arctan Ue Un Standard deviation of wind direction σ Θu using Campbell Scientific algorithm σ Θu 81 1 U S 1 2 70 SAMPLE FUNCTION This instruction stores the value from each specified input location The value s stored are those in the input location s wh...

Page 165: ... manner as Program 73 this instruction is used for storing the MINIMUM value for each input location specified over a given output interval PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Repetitions 02 2 Time of minimum optional 03 4 Starting input location no Outputs Generated 1 for each input location plus 1 or 2 with time of min option 75 STANDARD AND WEIGHTED VALUE HISTOGRAM FUNCTION Processes input ...

Page 166: ...When more than one repetition is called for the bin select value location will be incremented each repetition and the weighted value location will remain the same same weighted value sorted on the basis of different bin select values The weighted value location will be incremented if it is entered as an indexed location key C at some point while keying in Parameter 5 two dashes will appear on the ...

Page 167: ...have the previous day output since that is when the measurements were made Entering a 2 for the day code causes the previous day to be output if it is the first minute of the day Similarly entering 2 for the hour minute code causes 2400 instead of 0000 to be output the next minute is still 0001 When day and hour minute are both output a 2 for either code results in the previous day at 2400 The yea...

Page 168: ...m is detected in any of the locations If sampling is to occur only when a specific input location shows a new maximum or minimum the previous Maximize or Minimize Instruction should have one rep referring to that input location PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 2 Repetitions number of sequential locations to sample 02 4 Starting input location no Outputs Generated 1 for each repetition 80 SET ...

Page 169: ...SECTION 11 OUTPUT PROCESSING INSTRUCTIONS 11 8 01 2 Repetitions 02 4 Starting input location no Outputs Generated 1 for each repetition This is a blank page ...

Page 170: ...ram flow continues with the instruction following that which called the subroutine Subroutines may be called from within other subroutines nested The maximum nesting level for subroutines is 7 deep Attempts to nest more than 7 deep will not be detected at compilation but will result in a run time error When the seventh subroutine attempts to call the eighth error 31 will be displayed Execution wil...

Page 171: ... execution passes to the instruction following the END instruction which goes with the loop While in a loop with delay the table will not be initiated at each execution interval However the overrun decimals will not be displayed Some consequences of this are The Output Flag will not be automatically cleared between passes through the loop Because Table 2 cannot interrupt Table 1 Table 2 will not b...

Page 172: ...A NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Delay 02 4 Iteration count The following example involves the use of the Loop Instruction without a delay to perform a block data transformation The user wants 1 hour averages of the vapor pressure calculated from the wet and dry bulb temperatures of 5 psychrometers One pressure transducer measurement is also available for use in the vapor pressure calculation 1 The ...

Page 173: ... VP 01 10 Pressure Loc 02 11 Dry Bulb Temp Loc DRY BLB 1 03 16 Wet Bulb Temp Loc VP 1 04 21 Loc VP 1 12 P95 End 13 P92 If time is 01 0 minutes into a 02 60 minute interval 03 10 Set high Flag 0 output 14 P71 Average 01 5 Reps 02 21 Loc VP 1 The Loop with a delay may be used so that only those instructions within the Loop are executed while certain conditions are met As a simple example suppose it ...

Page 174: ...and if the result is true executes the specified Command The comparison codes are given in Table 12 5 PARAM DATA NUMBER TYPE DESCRIPTION 01 4 Input location for X 02 2 Comparison code Table 12 5 03 4 Input location for Y 04 2 Command Table 3 8 1 TABLE 12 5 Comparison Codes Parameter 1 Function 1 IF X Y 2 IF X Y 3 IF X Y 4 IF X Y 89 IF X COMPARED TO F FUNCTION This Instruction compares an input loc...

Page 175: ...rval is only true the first time Instruction 92 is executed within a given minute or second For example if the command is to set the Output Flag at 0 minutes into a 10 minute interval and the execution interval of the table is 10 seconds every 10 minutes there will only be one output generated by this instruction not five The time into interval and the interval may be entered in seconds for interv...

Page 176: ... rate The Instruction must be entered separately for each device that is to receive output If both Final Storage areas are in use Instruction 96 will send data from the area which is currently active Final Storage Area 1 is active at the start of each Table Instruction 80 can be used to change the active area The Area set by Instruction 80 remains active until changed by another Instruction 80 or ...

Page 177: ...4 seconds until the CR10 receives a response or the time specified in Parameter 3 expires The expected response is to have the ID sent back to the CR10 at which time the CR10 will go into the normal telecommunications mode Section 4 and the time limit on the call will become inactive In the normal telecommunications mode the CR10 waits for commands from the device it called The CR10 will not send ...

Page 178: ...t command causes the Modem to respond with digits rather than words The second command causes the modem to wait for the carrier 180 seconds after calling or answering The third command causes the Modem to dial the number that follows the command in Touch Tones Additional commands can be entered as part of the telephone number e g for delay or P for pulse dialing The CR10 will not accept the line f...

Page 179: ...SECTION 12 PROGRAM CONTROL INSTRUCTIONS 12 10 01 2 1x Addressed Print Device 4x Pin enabled Print Device x is baud rate code ...

Page 180: ...Scale range 1 11 21 31 2 5 mV 2 12 22 32 7 5 mV 3 13 23 33 25 mV 4 14 24 34 250 mV 5 15 25 35 2500 mV One of the most common sources of noise is 60 Hz from AC power lines Where 60 Hz noise is a problem range codes 21 25 should be used Two integrations are made spaced 1 2 cycle apart Figure 13 2 2 which results in the AC noise integrating to 0 Integration time for the 2500 mV range is 1 10 the inte...

Page 181: ...y from the first An exception to this is the differential measurement in Instruction 8 which makes only one integration Because a single ended measurement is referenced to CR10 ground any difference in ground potential between the sensor and the CR10 will result in an error in the measurement For example if the measuring junction of a copper constantan thermocouple used to measure soil temperature...

Page 182: ...ermal effects in the amplifier section of the CR10 Input offset voltage on a single ended measurement is less than 5 microvolts the input offset voltage on a differential measurement is less than 1 microvolt A single ended measurement is quite satisfactory in cases where noise is not a problem and care is taken to avoid ground potential problems Channels are available for twice as many single ende...

Page 183: ...3 5 where Cf is the fixed CR10 input capacitance in farads Cw is the wire capacitance in farads foot and L is the wire length in feet Equations 13 3 1 and 13 3 2 can be used to estimate the input settling error Ve directly For the rising case Vs Vso Ve whereas for the decaying transient Vs Vso Ve Substituting these relationships for Vs in Equations 13 3 1 and 13 3 2 respectively yields expressions...

Page 184: ... 13 3 8 Ro RsRf Rs Rf 13 3 8 If Rf is much smaller equal to or much greater than Rs the source resistance can be approximated by Equations 13 3 9 through 13 3 11 respectively Ro Rf Rf Rs 13 3 9 Ro Rf 2 Rf Rs 13 3 10 Ro Rs Rf Rs 13 3 11 The source resistance for several Campbell Scientific sensors are given in column 3 of Table 13 3 5 DETERMINING LEAD CAPACITANCE Wire manufacturers typically provid...

Page 185: ...s i e 50 mV or less The primary rule to follow in minimizing dielectric absorption is Avoid PVC insulation around conductors PVC cable jackets are permissible since the jackets don t contribute to the lead capacitance because the jacket is outside the shield Campbell Scientific uses only polyethylene and polypropylene insulated conductors in CR10 sensors see Table 13 3 2 since these materials have...

Page 186: ...elden 8771 wire t 450µs TABLE 13 3 3 Settling Error in Degrees for 024A Wind Direction Sensor vs Lead Length Wind Error Direction L 1000 ft L 500 ft 360 66 15 270 45 9 180 21 3 90 4 0 The values in Table 13 3 3 show that significant error occurs at large direction values for leads in excess of 500 feet Instruction 4 Excite Delay and Measure should be used to eliminate errors in these types of situ...

Page 187: ...ling error This limit is a reasonable choice since it approximates the linearization error over that range The output signal from the thermistor bridge varies nonlinearly with temperature ranging from about 100 µV C at 0 C to 50 µV C at 40 C Taking the most conservative figure yields an error limit of Ve 2 5 µV The other values needed to calculate the maximum lead length are summarized in Table 13...

Page 188: ...tation channel limits the lead length If the capacitive load 0 1 µfd and the resistive load is negligible Vx will oscillate about its control point If the capacitive load is 0 1 or less Vx will settle to within 0 1 of its correct value 150 µs A lead length of 2000 feet is permitted for the Model 227 before approaching the drive limitation Table 13 3 6 summarizes maximum lead lengths for correspond...

Page 189: ...is the input settling error 6 Most Campbell Scientific sensors are configured with a small bridge resistor Rf typically 1 kohm to minimize the source resistance If the lead length of a Campbell Scientific sensor is extended by connecting to the pigtails directly the effect of the lead resistance Rl on the signal must be considered Figure 13 3 9 shows a Campbell Scientific Model 107 sensor with 500...

Page 190: ...ASUREMENTS 13 11 FIGURE 13 3 7 Half Bridge Configuration for YSI 44032 Thermistor Connected to CR10 Showing A large source resistance B large source resistance at point P and C configuration optimized for input settling ...

Page 191: ...ity between the thermocouple wire and the connector does not induce any voltage When the temperature of the reference junction is known the temperature of the measuring junction can be determined by measuring the thermocouple voltage and adding the corresponding temperature difference to the reference temperature The CR10 determines thermocouple temperatures using the following sequence First the ...

Page 192: ...d that this is the worst case Campbell Scientific s experience shows that the overall accuracy is typically better than 0 2 C The major error component in the 0 C to 50 C range is the 0 2 C thermistor interchangeability specification When a CR10 is outside of this temperature range the polynomial error becomes much worse Figure 13 4 1 and may necessitate the use of an external reference junction t...

Page 193: ...ure gradient can be extremely accurate In order to quantitatively evaluate thermocouple error when the reference junction is not fixed at 0 C one needs limits of error for the Seebeck coefficient slope of thermocouple voltage vs temperature curve for the various thermocouples Lacking this information a reasonable approach is to apply the percentage errors with perhaps 0 25 added on to the differen...

Page 194: ...re range and subtracting Table 13 4 3 gives the reference temperature ranges covered and the limits of error in the linearizations within these ranges Two sources of error arise when the reference temperature is out of range The most significant error is in the calculated compensation voltage however error is also created in the temperature difference calculated from the thermocouple output For ex...

Page 195: ...is only a factor when using type K thermocouples where the upper limit of the reference compensation linearization is 100 C and the upper limit of the extension grade wire is 200 C With the other types of thermocouples the reference compensation range equals or is greater than the extension wire range In any case errors can arise if temperature gradients exist within the junction box Figure 13 4 4...

Page 196: ...n portion of the measurement starts and is grounded as soon as the integration is completed Figure 13 5 2 shows the excitation and measurement sequence for Instruction 6 a 4 wire full bridge Excitation is applied separately for each phase of a bridge measurement For example in Instruction 6 as shown in Figure 13 5 2 excitation is switched on for the 4 integration periods and switched off between i...

Page 197: ...SECTION 13 CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13 18 FIGURE 13 5 1 Circuits Used with Instructions 4 9 ...

Page 198: ...iometric output 6 4 Wire One differential Full Bridge measurement at each excitation polarity Ratiometric output Instr Circuit Description 7 3 Wire Compensates for lead Half Bridge wire resistance assuming resistance is same in both wires Two single ended measurements at each excitation polarity Ratiometric output 8 Differential Makes a differential Measurement measurement without with Excitation ...

Page 199: ...3 5 1 provided the values of the other resistors in the bridge circuit are known TABLE 13 5 2 Calculating Resistance Values from Bridge Measurement Instr Result Instr Multiplier Offset 4 X Vx Rs Rs Rf X Vx 4 1 Vx 0 Rs Rf ________ 59 Rf 1 X Vx 1 4 1 Vx 0 Rf ____________________ 59 1 Rs X Vx 1 X Vx Rs 42 5 X Rs Rs Rf X 5 1 0 Rs Rf _____ 59 Rf 1 X 1 5 1 0 Rf _____________ 59 1 Rs 0 X 1 X Rs 42 6 8 9 ...

Page 200: ...ity to provide ion depolarization and in order to minimize the time excitation is on grounds the excitation as soon as the signal is integrated Figure 13 6 1 The slow integration time should never be used with a sensor requiring AC excitation because it results in the excitation lasting about 1 5 times as long allowing polarization to affect the measurement INFLUENCE OF GROUND LOOP ON MEASUREMENTS...

Page 201: ...AC The result from the approximation is DAC counts which are multiplied by coefficients to obtain millivolts mV There are 10 calibration coefficients one for each of the 5 gain ranges for the fast and slow integration times The CR10 has an internal calibration function that feeds positive and negative voltages through the amplifiers and integrator and calculates new calibration coefficients By adj...

Page 202: ...sampling rate and the ambient temperature is stable enough to allow calibration at specific points during program execution Calibration coefficients are replaced each time that Instruction 24 is executed Unlike automatic calibration there is no time constant for the coefficients to respond in changes to calibration Instruction 24 calibration ensures that the coefficients are optimum at the time th...

Page 203: ...SECTION 13 CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13 24 This is a blank page ...

Page 204: ...rnal enclosure temperature The Model ENC 12 14 fiberglass enclosure houses the CR10 power supply and one or more peripherals Inside dimensions of the ENC 12 14 are 14 x 12 x 5 5 outside dimensions are 18 x 13 5 x 8 13 with brackets weight is 11 16 lbs The Model ENC 16 18 fiberglass enclosure houses the CR10 Power Supply and several peripherals Inside dimensions of the ENC 16 18 are 16 x 18 x 9 out...

Page 205: ... connecting a 20 VDC adapter or solar panel to charge lead acid batteries The charge input can be either AC or DC and it does not matter which terminal is positive or negative The voltage input must be within 16 to 26 VDC or 16 to 26 VAC RMS The ON OFF switch controls power to the 12 V ports Charging of lead acid batteries still occurs when the switch is off The red charge light is on when a charg...

Page 206: ...SECTION 14 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14 3 monitor battery voltage Replace the alkaline cells before the CR10 battery voltage drops below 9 6 V ...

Page 207: ...our battery to power the system for an extended period of time The red and black leads connect to the positive and negative battery posts respectively The alkaline cells act as a power backup in this case A diode in the PS12ALK isolates the lead acid supply from the alkaline batteries 14 3 2 PS12LA LEAD ACID POWER SUPPLY The PS12LA power supply includes a 12 V 7 0 amp hour lead acid battery a AC t...

Page 208: ...rted to either of these excessive current will be drawn until the thermal fuse opens The external port labeled EXT is not meant to be used with the PS12LA The primary power source is the charging source and the secondary power source is the internal lead acid battery Connecting a lead acid battery to the external source is the same as connecting two lead acid batteries in parallel causing one batt...

Page 209: ...shorted or overcharging takes place hydrogen gas may be generated at a rate sufficient to create a hazard Campbell Scientific makes the following recommendations 1 A CR10 equipped with standard lead acid batteries should NEVER be used in applications requiring intrinsically safe equipment 2 A lead acid battery should not be housed in a gas tight enclosure 14 3 3 PS512M VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH NULL ...

Page 210: ...mpbell Scientific power supply options In these cases the power supply may be connected directly to the wiring panel Any 9 6 to 18 VDC supply may be connected to the 12 V and G terminals on the wiring panel The metal surfaces of the wiring panel and mounting bracket are at power ground Make connections to the wiring panel first and then to the power supply If the power supply must be connected fir...

Page 211: ... if a sufficient transient comes in on the G or AG lines at which time the current is directed away from the CR10 through the diodes The fuse may be replaced by soldering another 30 AWG wire to the soldering pads provided A modem phone line connected to the Wiring Panel provides another path for transients to enter and damage the CR10 Campbell Scientific s DC112 phone modem has spark gaps on the p...

Page 212: ...ed in Section 14 7 The Wiring Panel carries two lines between the CR10 and each excitation port One line is for excitation voltage the other is for feedback control of the voltage The feedback line is required to compensate for line losses between the CR10 and the excitation port on the Wiring Panel see Figure 14 7 1 Two 5 V output terminals are available on the Wiring Panel for powering 5 V perip...

Page 213: ...it for switching external power to a device without going through a relay If the peripheral to be powered draws in excess of 75 mA at room temperature limit of the 2N2907A medium power transistor the use of a relay Figure 14 10 1 would be required Other control port activated circuits are possible for applications with greater current voltage demands than shown in Figures 14 10 1 and 2 For more in...

Page 214: ... points and store in a cool dry place The CR10 module is sealed and contains desiccant to protect against the vagaries of humidity The Wiring Panel and the connections between the Wiring Panel and the CR10 are still susceptible to humidity To prevent corrosion at these points additional desiccant must be placed inside the enclosure If only alkaline batteries are inside the enclosure the sensor lea...

Page 215: ...SECTION 14 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14 12 This is a blank page ...

Page 216: ... will start on the first even second after compilation See Section OV4 3 1 for information on the choice of an Execution Interval EXECUTION TIME The time required to execute an instruction or group of instructions If the execution time of a Program Table exceeds the table s Execution Interval the Program Table will be executed less frequently than programmed Section OV4 3 1 and 8 9 FINAL STORAGE T...

Page 217: ... TRANSFER Routine transfer of data to a peripheral left on site Transfer is controlled by the program entered in the datalogger OUTPUT ARRAY A string of data points output to Final Storage Output occurs only when the Output Flag Flag 0 is set The first point of an Output Array is the Output Array ID which gives the Program Table Number and the Instruction Location Number of the Instruction which s...

Page 218: ...APPENDIX A GLOSSARY A 3 and computers in a terminal mode fall in this category ...

Page 219: ...ents are made when initiated by a single instruction with multiple repetitions SIGNATURE A number which is a function of the data and the sequence of data in memory It is derived using an algorithm which assures a 99 998 probability that if either the data or its sequence changes the signature changes SYNCHRONOUS The transmission of data between a transmitting and receiving device occurs as a seri...

Page 220: ...APPENDIX A GLOSSARY A 5 This is a blank page ...

Page 221: ...g 169 1011 SDM INT8 549 1021 SDM SW8A 268 103 1041 SDM AO4 SDM CD16 239 SDM Utilities 216 105 106 SDI12 Recorder Sensor 1528 60 FFT 2297 62 Covariance Correlation 796 81 Rainflow histogram 1159 971 Initiate telecommunications 880 981 Send Character 73 99 Satellite Interface 3143 64 Hz Pulse counters reset 3 4 Parameter Entry Table 575 D Add Tape up down load 1196 1 These instructions are in OS10 0...

Page 222: ...on the basis of average strain during the cycle The name Rainflow comes from the idea that a strain time plot with strain as the y axis looks like a pagoda roof Then the algorithm is somehow analogous to the way in which rain flows down the roof The Instruction can either process a swath of data from measurements made with the burst measurement instruction or it can be used on line processing a ne...

Page 223: ...h the K command Like the MSB this bit is reset upon entering telecommunications but remains set once set until reset by another J command or telecommunications is terminated Currently only the CR10 datalogger recognizes this bit The remaining bits are reserved 4 If the 2nd MSB in b was set then c is a port toggle byte otherwise c d n are each 1 byte binary values each representing a datalogger inp...

Page 224: ...ation requested by the J command four bytes of data are returned The bytes are coded in Campbell Scientific Inc Floating Point Format The format is decoded to the following Sign Mantissa 2 Exponent Data byte 1 contains the Sign and the Exponent The most significant bit represents the Sign if zero the Sign is positive if one the Sign is negative The signed exponent is obtained by subtracting 40 HEX...

Page 225: ...mal 44 40 HEX 4 HEX Or in decimal 68 64 4 Exponent is 4 decimal The binary equivalent of Data bytes 2 to 4 is 11011001 10011001 10011010 Summing all the fractional values 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 5 2 8 2 9 2 12 2 13 2 16 2 17 2 20 2 21 2 23 0 85000 Using the estimate method to find the Mantissa D9 99 9A HEX 1 00 00 00 HEX or 14260634 16777216 which is 0 85000 decimal The value is then 0 85 24 which equals 13...

Page 226: ...n A B C D E F G H DATA TYPE AND SECOND BYTE FORMAT 1 1 1 1 1 1 X X A B C 1 Start of Output Array G H are the most significant bits of the Output Array ID All 8 bits of the 2nd byte are also included in the ID X X 0 1 1 1 X X C 0 First byte of a 4 byte value 0 0 1 1 1 1 X X A B 0 C 1 Third byte of a 4 byte value 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A 0 remaining bits 1 First byte of a 2 byte dummy word The CR10 always ...

Page 227: ...comparing it to the transmitted signature it can be determined whether the data was received correctly SIGNATURE ALGORITHM S1 S0 represent the high and low bytes of the signature respectively M represents a transmitted data byte n represents the existing byte n 1 represents the new byte T represents a temporary location C represents the carry bit from a shift operation 1 The signature is initializ...

Page 228: ...APPENDIX C BINARY TELECOMMUNICATIONS C 6 This is a blank page ...

Page 229: ...PTION 1 12V 2 6L 3 AG 4 5H 5 4L 6 AG 7 3H 8 2L 9 AG 10 1H 11 EX CTRL 3 12 EX CTRL 2 13 EX CTRL 1 14 AG 15 P1 16 C7 17 C5 18 C3 PIN DESCRIPTION 19 C1 20 G 21 6H 22 5L 23 AG 24 4H 25 3L 26 AG 27 2H 28 1L 29 AG 30 E3 31 E2 32 E1 33 P2 34 C8 35 C6 36 C4 37 C2 ...

Page 230: ...This is a blank page ...

Page 231: ...3 I 105 i 10 CONTROL J 42 74 J 106 j 11 CONTROL K 43 75 K 107 k 12 CONTROL L 44 76 L 108 l 13 CONTROL M 45 77 M 109 m 14 CONTROL N 46 78 N 110 n 15 CONTROL O 47 79 O 111 o 16 CONTROL P 48 0 80 P 112 p 17 CONTROL Q 49 1 81 Q 113 q 18 CONTROL R 50 2 82 R 114 r 19 CONTROL S 51 3 83 S 115 s 20 CONTROL T 52 4 84 T 116 t 21 CONTROL U 53 5 85 U 117 u 22 CONTROL V 54 6 86 V 118 v 23 CONTROL W 55 7 87 W 11...

Page 232: ...This is a blank page ...

Page 233: ... are six jumpers used to configure hardware for different RAM sizes Figure 2 shows the jumper settings for different memory configurations A pin or small screw driver tip will work best for pulling these jumpers and relocating them as shown in Figure 2 G 2 2 RAM TEST Attach the CR10KD Keyboard Display and apply power to the CR10 After the CR10 executes the RAM PROM self test the number 96 should b...

Page 234: ...APPENDIX G CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS G 2 FIGURE G 1 Disassembling CR10 ...

Page 235: ...APPENDIX G CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS G 3 FIGURE G 2 Jumper Settings for Different RAM Configurations in Early CR10s ...

Page 236: ...APPENDIX G CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS G 4 FIGURE G 3 Jumper Settings and Locations ...

Page 237: ...APPENDIX G CHANGING RAM OR PROM CHIPS G 5 This is a blank page ...

Page 238: ... 1 8 1 8 4 Example Program Listing From D Command 1 1 8 2 INTERNAL DATA STORAGE 2 2 1 Resolution Range Limits of CR10 Data 2 3 2 3 1 7 Mode Command Summary 2 4 3 INSTRUCTION SET BASICS 3 5 1 Input Voltage Ranges and Codes 3 2 3 7 1 Flag Description 3 3 3 7 2 Example of the Use of Flag 9 3 4 3 8 1 Command Codes 3 4 3 9 1 Input Output Instruction Memory and Execution Times 3 6 3 9 2 Processing Instr...

Page 239: ...2 4 12 5 Comparison Codes 12 4 13 CR10 MEASUREMENTS 13 3 1 Exponential Decay Percent of Maximum Error vs Time in Units of τ 13 4 13 3 2 Properties of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell Scientific 13 6 13 3 3 Settling Error in Degrees for 024A Wind Direction Sensor vs Lead Length 13 7 13 3 4 Measured Peak Excitation Transients for 1000 Foot Lengths of Three Belden Lead Wires Used by Campbell ...

Page 240: ...rrent Drain for Common CR10 Peripherals 14 1 14 3 1 Typical Alkaline Battery Service and Temperature 14 3 14 3 2 PS12LA Battery and AC Transformer Specifications 14 4 APPENDIX B CR10 PROM SIGNATURE AND OPTIONAL SOFTWARE B 1 CR10 PROM Signature B 1 B 2 CR10 Library Options B 1 ...

Page 241: ...LIST OF TABLES LT 4 This is a blank page ...

Page 242: ...F Modem 6 4 6 7 1 Transmitting the ASCII Character 1 6 7 7 MEASUREMENT PROGRAMMING EXAMPLES 7 1 1 Wiring Diagram for LI200S 7 1 7 2 1 Typical Connection for Active Sensor with External Battery 7 2 7 3 1 CR10TCR Mounted on the CR10 Wiring Panel 7 3 7 4 1 Thermocouples with External Reference Junction 7 4 7 7 1 Wiring Diagram for Anemometer 7 5 7 8 1 Wiring Diagram for Rain Gage with Long Leads 7 6 ...

Page 243: ...Half Bridge Configuration for YSI 44032 Thermistor Connected to CR10 13 11 13 3 8 Measuring Input Settling Error with the CR10 13 12 13 3 9 Incorrect Lead Wire Extension on Model 107 Temperature Sensor 13 12 13 4 1 Thermistor Polynomial Error 13 14 13 4 2 Diagram of Junction Box 13 16 13 5 1 Circuits Used with Instructions 4 9 13 18 13 5 2 Excitation and Measurement Sequence for 4 Wire Full Bridge...

Page 244: ...tal A D conversion 13 1 AND construction Logical 3 5 Anemometer Photochopper output Programming example 7 5 Array ID and Output Interval A 2 Calculating data points 4 6 Definition A 2 Setting ID 2 1 11 5 ASCII Characters E 1 Definition A 1 Output formats 4 6 Program transfer to computer printer 1 8 Table E 1 Terminal or computer with terminal emulator OV 9 Table E 1 Transmission 6 7 Asynchronous D...

Page 245: ...ams with OV 12 Key Definition OV 10 Typical Current Drain 14 1 Wiring Panel Connecting to vehicle power supply 14 5 Description OV 1 14 7 D Data point Definition A 1 Number per Output Array 4 6 Data retrieval External storage peripherals General 4 1 Hardware options OV 17 Manually initiated 8 Mode 4 3 Methods and related instructions OV 18 On line Instruction 96 4 1 12 6 Print device 4 2 Print for...

Page 246: ...orage and High low resolution formats 2 3 Changing size of 1 4 Definition OV 4 OV 5 2 1 A 1 Erasing 1 5 Example using two Final Storage areas 8 9 Format 2 3 C 2 Output data resolution range limits 2 3 Ring memory 2 1 Flags 3 3 Displaying and toggling flags 1 3 Output and Program Control 3 3 With J K commands C 1 Floating point 2 3 3 1 Fractional Value Instruction 44 10 3 Full Bridge with Excitatio...

Page 247: ...Keyboard Display L Label Subroutine Instruction 85 12 1 Programming examples 8 6 8 11 Program Table 1 1 Lead acid power supply 14 2 Leads See Cables Leads Li Cor LI200S Silicon Pyranometer 7 1 Library Options Not in Standard Manual B 2 Lightning Protection from 14 6 Ln X Instruction 40 10 2 Load cell Programming examples 7 12 8 9 Load Fixed Data Instruction 30 10 1 Programming example 7 19 Logarit...

Page 248: ...onstruction Logical 3 5 Output Array and Output Interval A 2 Calculating data points per 4 6 Definition A 2 Setting ID 2 2 Output device codes for 8 Mode 4 2 for Instruction 96 4 2 Output Flag Description 3 3 Example of setting OV 13 Setting to interval 1 minute 8 5 Output interval A 2 OV 7 Output Processing Instructions 11 1 Definition OV 7 A 2 Memory and execution times 3 6 Overrange detection 3...

Page 249: ...OM Changing chips G 2 Library options B 1 Signature 1 6 B 1 Protection from the environment 14 1 Lightning 14 6 Moisture 14 1 Reverse polarity 14 1 Temperature 14 1 Transient OV 1 14 1 14 6 Psychrometer programming example 12 3 Pulse Count Instruction 3 9 1 Programming examples 7 6 8 5 8 6 Pulse inputs OV 3 PVC insulated conductors Avoiding 13 10 Pyranometer Connecting to CR10 7 1 R Rainfall inten...

Page 250: ...ts Instruction 1 9 1 Programming example 7 1 SM192 716 Storage Modules see Storage Modules Sample on Maximum or Minimum Instruction 79 11 5 Solar panels Solarex MSX10 MSX18 14 5 Spatial Average Instruction 51 10 4 Spatial Maximum Instruction 49 10 3 Spatial Minimum Instruction 50 10 4 Specifications OV 20 SPTR see Storage Module Pointer Square Root Instruction 39 10 2 Standard and Weighted Value H...

Page 251: ...dge Instruction 7 9 4 Programming example 7 8 Throughput rate Definition 1 1 A 3 Time Instruction 18 9 8 Programming example 8 4 Time Setting displaying 5 Mode 1 2 Storing in Final Storage 11 4 Timer Instruction 26 9 13 Timer see SDM INT8 8 Channel Interval Tipping Bucket Rain Gage 7 6 8 6 Totalize Instruction 72 11 3 Programming example 8 3 TPTR 2 2 Tutorial OV 1 U Use of Digital I O Ports 14 7 U...

Page 252: ...Z F Instruction 30 10 1 Z FRAC X Instruction 44 10 3 Z INT X Instruction 45 10 3 Z LN X Instruction 40 10 2 Z SIN X Instruction 48 10 3 Z X Instruction 31 10 1 Z X F Instruction 37 10 2 Z X F Instruction 34 10 1 Z X Y Instruction 36 10 2 Z X Y Instruction 33 10 1 Z X Y Instruction 35 10 1 Z X Y Instruction 38 10 2 Z X MOD F Instruction 46 10 3 Z X Y Instruction 47 10 3 ...

Page 253: ...CR10 INDEX I 10 This is a blank page ...

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