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Ɋɭɫɫɤɢɣ
05060085 01 13/07/2010
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-
ɫɧɹɬɶ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ
ɥɢɫɬ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
-
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ
ɱɢɫɬɤɭ
ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɳɺɬɤɢ
ɫ
ɠɺɫɬɤɨɣ
ɳɟɬɢɧɨɣ
(
ɧɟ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
)
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɩɵɥɟɫɨɫɚ
,
ɩɪɢ
ɷɬɨɦ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ
ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ
ɨɫɬɨɪɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ
ɫ
ɬɟɦ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɧɟ
ɩɨɜɪɟɞɢɬɶ
ɪɺɛɪɚ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
.
ɑɢɫɬɤɚ
ɥɨɬɤɚ
,
ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɝɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜɨɞɵ
ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ
ɥɨɬɨɤ
ɫɴɺɦɧɨɝɨ
ɬɢɩɚ
,
ɱɬɨɛ
ɨɛɥɟɝɚɟɬ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ
ɩɨ
ɱɢɫɬɤɟ
:
-
ɋɧɹɬɶ
ɤɚɪɬɟɪ
,
ɜɵɧɭɬɶ
ɥɨɬɨɤ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɬɶ
ɟɝɨ
.
ɉɨ
ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɫɦɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ
ɜɫɟ
ɜɵɫɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ɫɴɺɦɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
ɢ
ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɩɨɞɚɱɭ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
.
ɉɨɫɥɟ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɤɚɤ
ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ
ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ
ɪɚɛɨɱɚɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ
,
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɜ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɭ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ
ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ
.
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ
:
ȼɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɨɱɢɫɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɪɨɦɵɜɤɢ
ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɧɭɠɧɨ
ɫɬɚɪɚɬɶɫɹ
ɧɟ
ɡɚɦɨɱɢɬɶ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɬɨɪɵ
,
ɩɥɚɮɨɧɵ
,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ
ɢ
ɥɸɛɨɟ
ɞɪɭɝɨɟ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ
.
16.
ɋɞɚɱɚ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
ɜ
ɭɬɢɥɶ
Ⱦɟɦɨɧɬɚɠ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ
ɫ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
ɨɬɯɨɞɨɜ
ɜ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɜɡɹɬɵɯ
ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ
ɢ
ɡɚɳɢɬɵ
ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ
ɫɪɟɞɵ
.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ
,
ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ
ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ
,
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ
ɨɬɯɨɞɚɦ
,
ɢ
ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɭɬɢɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɬ
ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɭɫɨɪɚ
ɜ
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ
ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ
.
ɉɟɪɟɞ
ɞɟɦɨɧɬɚɠɟɦ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ
ɯɥɚɞɚɝɟɧɬ
ɢ
ɫɦɚɡɨɱɧɨɟ
ɦɚɫɥɨ
.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ
ɧɟɫɟɬ
ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɡɚ
ɫɞɚɱɭ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɹ
,
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ
ɞɥɹ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
,
ɜ
ɩɭɧɤɬ
ɩɪɢɟɦɚ
,
ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ
ɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ
ɜɥɚɫɬɹɦ
ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɸ
ɞɥɹ
ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ
ɢ
ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
.
Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ
ɧɚ
75%
ɢɡ
ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɯ
ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ
.
Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɢ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ
:
-
Ɍɪɭɛɵ
,
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢ
ɢ
ɥɢɫɬɵ
ɢɡ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɠɟɫɬɢ
:
ɧɢɠɧɹɹ
ɪɚɦɚ
,
ɫɬɨɣɤɢ
ɢ
ɩɨɥɤɢ
-
Ɇɟɞɶ
,
Ⱥɥɸɦɢɧɢɣ
:
ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɤɨɧɬɭɪ
,
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ
,
ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ
ɩɥɚɮɨɧɵ
-
Ɉɰɢɧɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ
ɥɢɫɬɨɜɨɣ
ɦɟɬɚɥɥɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ
,
ɧɢɠɧɢɟ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
,
ɨɤɪɚɲɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
,
ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ
ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ
-
ɉɟɧɢɫɬɵɣ
ɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧ
(R134a):
ɬɟɩɥɨɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɹ
-
Ɂɚɤɚɥɺɧɧɨɟ
ɫɬɟɤɥɨ
:
ɜɟɪɯɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɤɢ
(
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ
ɫɬɟɧɤɢ
)
-
Ⱦɟɪɟɜɨ
:
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ
ɪɚɦɵ
ɜɚɧɧɵ
ɢɡ
ɩɟɧɢɫɬɨɝɨ
ɩɨɥɢɭɪɟɬɚɧɚ
-
ȺȻɋ
:
ɛɭɮɟɪɚ
ɢ
ɩɨɪɭɱɧɢ
-
ɉɨɥɢɫɬɢɪɨɥ
ɛɨɤɨɜɵɟ
ɬɟɪɦɨɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ
ɫɬɟɧɤɢ
-
ɉɨɥɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬ
:
ɡɚɳɢɬɚ
ɥɚɦɩ
-
Ɇɟɬɚɥɤɪɵɥɚɬ
ɛɨɪɬɢɤɢ
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ
ɢɡɞɟɥɢɟ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ
ɮɪɟɨɧ
,
ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ
ɝɚɡ
ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
(
ɉɌɉ
)
ARNEG
ɧɚ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚɯ
ɫɨ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ
,
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ
ɬɢɩɵ
ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɹ
:
R 134a; GWP
(100)
= 1300 R 404A; GWP
(100)
= 3750
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ
ɤ
ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɭ
ɮɪɟɨɧɨɜ
,
ɮɬɨɪɢɫɬɵɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
ɫ
ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɩɨɬɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ
(GWP)
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
,
ɨɝɨɜɨɪɟɧɨ
ɜ
ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɟ
Ʉɢɨɬɨ
. (
ɉɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ
ɢɞɟɧɬɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɢ
ɢɥɢ
ɧɚ
ɫɚɦɨɤɥɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ
ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɨɪɚ
,
ɤɚɤɨɣ
ɢɡ
ɷɬɢɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪɟ
)
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ
ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ
ɡɚɤɪɵɬ
ɢ
ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ
ɨɯɥɚɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɝɚɡɚ
ɧɢɠɟ
3
ɤɝ
.
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
,
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ
ɤɧɢɠɤɚ
ɢ
ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ
ɭɬɟɱɤɢ
ɝɚɡɚ
,
ɞɥɹ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
ɧɟ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵ
(
Ⱦ
.
ɉ
.
Ɋ
.
ʋ
. 147
ɨɬ
15
Ɏɟɜɪɚɥɹ
2006
ɋɬ
. 3
ɢ
4).
17.
Ɂ
ɚɩɪɟɬɵ
ɢ
ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ
ɜɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɂɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɩɨ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ
ɢ
ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɢ
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ
ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨɣ
ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤ
ɦɨɝ
ɫɨɨɛɳɢɬɶ
ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ
ɜ
ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɧɨɦ
ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ
ɫɐɟɧɬɪɨɦ
ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ
.
ɉɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɤɚɤɨɣ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɪɟɦɨɧɬ
ɯɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
,
ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ
,
ɱɬɨ
ɨɧɚ
ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ
ɨɬ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
.
ȼ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɢɯ
-
ɥɢɛɨ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ
ɜ
ɪɚɛɨɬɟ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɵ
,
ɩɪɟɠɞɟ
ɱɟɦ
ɧɚɱɚɬɶ
ɛɟɫɩɨɤɨɢɬɶɫɹ
ɢ
ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ
ɜ
ɋɥɭɠɛɭ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ
,
ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ
ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ
:
-
ɏɨɥɨɞɢɥɶɧɚɹ
ɜɢɬɪɢɧɚ
ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɚ
ɞɥɹ
ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɜɵɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ
ɬɨɜɚɪɚ
ɢ
ɞɥɹ
ɬɨɝɨ
,
ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɨɧ
ɧɟ
ɨɩɪɨɤɢɞɵɜɚɥɫɹ
,
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ
,
ɩɪɨɞɨɜɨɥɶɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ
