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Spanning Tree Protocol

If, for example, you select ELAN 1, the following screen appears:

Bridge Priority

When you select “Bridge Priority”, the following screen appears:

Bridge priority is used by the Spanning Tree algorithm to determine the root
bridge. It consists of a two-byte bridge priority concatenated with a 6-byte
MAC address.

Summary of Contents for AT-4016TR

Page 1: ...Operations Manual AT S13 AT S16 Ethernet Switch with ATM Access for use with AT 4016TR AT 4016F AT TS95TR Release 2 4 PN 613 10596 00 Rev A...

Page 2: ...Allied Telesyn International Corporation has been advised of known or should have known the possibility of such damages Trademarks CentreCOM is a registered trademark of Allied Telesyn International C...

Page 3: ...nternet Mail xii CompuServe Forum xii FTP Server xiii World Wide Web xiii Chapter 1 Product Description 1 Overview 1 Features 2 ATI s Solution 2 Standards Compliance 4 Management Information Base Prot...

Page 4: ...inistration 23 Accessing Omega 23 Selecting Menu Options 23 AT S13 Port Status Screen 24 AT S16 Port Status Screen 26 AT S13 Port Configuration Screen 27 AT S16 Port Configuration Screen 29 Ethernet P...

Page 5: ...nu AT S13 63 Port to ELAN Configuration Submenu AT S16 65 LECS Configuration 68 ELAN Membership 72 ATM Status Menus 73 Cell Statistics Menu 74 Virtual Circuit Information 75 Chapter 5 Spanning Tree Pr...

Page 6: ...Components of LANE 111 LAN Emulation Client LEC 111 LAN Emulation Services 112 Connections 115 Control Connections 115 Data Connections 115 Appendix C MIBs 117 SNMP Primitives 118 MIB Types 119 User F...

Page 7: ...vii Appendix F Where To Find Us 135 Appendix G Index 137...

Page 8: ......

Page 9: ...s preface under the subheading Related Documentation We have included the latest available information on ATM Forum UNI 3 0 Switched Virtual Circuits Q 2931 Signaling and ATM Forum LANE Specification...

Page 10: ...wing conventions are used in presenting information in this manual Commands prompts and information displayed by the computer appear in Courier typeface for example Current Number of Learned Addresses...

Page 11: ...15 578 6860 fax server at 415 525 0182 or send e mail to af info atmforum com for details about ATM Forum membership The ATM Forum also has a Web site which will direct you to many corollary aspects o...

Page 12: ...North America The fax number is 206 481 3790 For telephone numbers outside of the United States and Canada contact your reseller or regional ATI office Bulletin Board Services A bulletin board is ava...

Page 13: ...ducts The server can be accessed through your Internet connection as follows note use lower case letters World Wide Web You can access Allied Telesyn at our new Web Site using the following http www a...

Page 14: ......

Page 15: ...bridging between Ethernet and ATM using Switched Virtual Circuits SVCs Besides bridging your switch provides an Emulated LAN ELAN capability which using or not using an optional LAN Emulation Configu...

Page 16: ...serial connection to a RS232C port Omega management for high level features such as administration statistics status and security Support For Up To 2 048 Media Access Control MAC Addresses note that...

Page 17: ...Panel RS232C Network Management Port 10Base T Ports Ethernet Switch with ATM Access 1 LINK RECEIVE COLLISION PCMCIA RS 232 PRESENT FAIL POWER SUPPLY ALARMS 1 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X MDI MDI X...

Page 18: ...sion 3 0 or 3 1 Note that a full discussion of the components of LANE can be found in Appendix B LAN Emulation ATI s AT 4016TR AT 4016F and AT TS95TR also implement the following services to a connect...

Page 19: ...uits ATM is a connection oriented technology This means that a call or virtual connection needs to be established between at least two stations before data can be transferred A Switched Virtual Circui...

Page 20: ...s with ATM addresses This is very significant not only because ATM addresses are a very user unfriendly 20 bytes of hexadecimal symbols but just as importantly they allow network administrators to con...

Page 21: ...Address Table are in turn used as a basis from which to compare and examine every packet to determine its source address segment origin and port information If a packet s MAC address is not already s...

Page 22: ...ct Description 8 Spanning Tree Protocol The IEEE 802 1d Spanning Tree Protocol STP is both a configuration algorithm and a protocol As it is fully presented in Chapter 5 you are referred to that discu...

Page 23: ...ng started involves the following sequence 1 Omega management software Your switch is controlled by ATI s Omega management software through a terminal a terminal emulator or a Telnet session 2 Unique...

Page 24: ...unicating on that ELAN would cease to operate In short prior to this release given that a standalone switch would not know which ELAN to join it followed that if the LECS was not available it was neit...

Page 25: ...al emulator program in Microsoft Windows 3 Press the RETURN key several times This will ensure auto configuration of the appropriate baud rate NOTE You do not need to configure Omega if your default t...

Page 26: ...The parameter changes listed below require the system to be reset before they are recognized Ethernet Parameters ATM Parameters Store and Forward Cut Through Sonet SDH Collision is Indicated on Amber...

Page 27: ...ng Clocking Transmitter Idle Sonet SDH INternal clocking External loop clocking Unassigned cells IDle cells Ethernet parameters Store and Forward Cut Through Collision is Indicated on Amber LED Transm...

Page 28: ...Getting Started The Basics 14 From the Main menu open Omega s System Administration submenu by entering the letter S from the Main Menu The contents and features of this submenu are shown below...

Page 29: ...m name The following submenu can be used to enter or change the name of your switch You may enter a new name up to 20 characters in length or press RETURN to keep the existing symbolic name To delete...

Page 30: ...ssword which is found within the IP parameters submenu and discussed later If you choose to use password protection the management agent prompts for the password when each new session begins NOTE The...

Page 31: ...e session if there is no activity for the length of time you have specified in minutes That is if you have entered a value the Activity Monitor subscreen accessed by entering the letters AC from the S...

Page 32: ...configure an IP Address through the serial port of the switch and implementing Omega management or through a BootP server The local installation of an IP address requires either a DOS terminal or a T...

Page 33: ...e response packet and used to configure the system until the next power on reset Although the BootP server file format differs from server to server your switch nevertheless expect a response packet t...

Page 34: ...lly A minimal configuration requires only an IP address and Subnet mask NOTE In an ATM network environment ensure that the Omega management workstation is connected to a port with the same ELAN as the...

Page 35: ...press RETURN to save the new value Press RETURN to save your configuration Download Password Download password is a security device that can be used with TFTP commands to download software from your...

Page 36: ......

Page 37: ...ting the optional AT S13 PCMCIA card into the PCMCIA port on the AT 4016TR or AT 4016F or by inserting the optional AT S16 Firmware Cassette into the appropriate port on the AT TS95TR Selecting Menu O...

Page 38: ...he port name can be user determined through the Port Configuration screen which is discussed later The columns provide the following information Port The Port column shows each port number and its use...

Page 39: ...t submitted for transmission Station locations are not added to the database Listening A port in this state is PREPARING TO PARTICIPATE in packet transmission but is temporarily disabled to prevent te...

Page 40: ...any port s configuration by entering the port number then pressing Return Pressing Return without entering a port number exits this dialog and returns you to the Main menu Interface There are two opti...

Page 41: ...Configuration Menu for the AT S13 appears In this case port 4 was selected The system and port name appear at the top of the screen Below that is the port s status and configuration And below that you...

Page 42: ...ymbolic name for the port or change an existing one If selected the following screen appears You can enter a new name for the port up to 20 characters in length or press RETURN to keep the existing na...

Page 43: ...ugh their front panel RJ 45 connectors Front Panel if Link Online The default state Front Panel if Link Online means the unit is connected to other units installed in the TurboStack via the segmented...

Page 44: ...ntact ATM parameters Framing Clocking Transmitter Idle Sonet SDH INternal clocking External loop clocking Unassigned cells IDle cells Ethernet parameters Store and Forward Cut Through Collision is Ind...

Page 45: ...ing strategies In store and forward the switch stores the entire packet before it is forwarded The Ethernet parameters screen shows the current choices for forwarding and for LED modes of operation At...

Page 46: ...the next management agent session i e you must select Quit from the Main Menu and then press RETURN to begin a new session When you are connected to the management agent through a virtual circuit con...

Page 47: ...ence is then entered normal editing characters are ignored Finally to signal the end of the sequence and to terminate input you must enter the same delimiter character again Obviously the control sequ...

Page 48: ...Ethernet Administration 34 Under Custom Terminal Configuration the first sequence to be configured is HOME THE CURSOR This is followed by the ERASE THE ENTIRE SCREEN...

Page 49: ...Configuration screen and select Data rate baud rate The screen consists of selectable baud rates If you select Automatic baud rate detection you will have to press RETURN twice to begin future managem...

Page 50: ...ded password Return to the System Administration submenu Enter the letter U for Update software in another system The following submenu will be displayed Next you are prompted to select a specific swi...

Page 51: ...impacting your hubs since only those with old software will respond Also if you have many hubs they may not be upgraded with the first update request Therefore to insure that all of your hubs are upgr...

Page 52: ...her technical support personnel have the ability to retrieve this information and subsequently use it towards the determination and resolution of problems Open the System Administration menu and enter...

Page 53: ...e following AT S13 submenu The top of the screen shows the user configured hub name and selected group name Below is the group s product identifier The group s unique MAC address is displayed as a hex...

Page 54: ...0 Enter the letter D for Diagnostics to access the following AT S16 submenu Connect to a Remote System Select System Administration from the Main Menu Next select Connect to a remote system The follow...

Page 55: ...r 2 and you are referred to that information Local hub management does not require TCP IP addresses If you are NOT going to have a TCP IP network then all hubs and devices can be identified by either...

Page 56: ...Graph below NOTE The Statistical Database complies with standards for MIBs from the IEEE and the TCP community and you are referred to that extensive documentation for a complete explanation of what...

Page 57: ...e counters from the Frame statistics submenu options A through K the following display option A in this case appears for the AT S13 If you select one of the individual Statistics Database counters fro...

Page 58: ...utomatically updated if the type of terminal has been configured The counter will not increase if ANSI is not selected Rather they will be updated each time you enter the statistics screen System Over...

Page 59: ...l port overview option M from the Frame statistics submenu the following submenu appears and you are asked to select a desired port To select a port you enter the port number followed by RETURN A grap...

Page 60: ...istics the following display appears Note that Port 1 was selected This display is identical to the System Overview Graph except it is for a selected port and not the overall system Each counter value...

Page 61: ...through N will display a graph for a particular statistics counter See Single Counter Graph above System Overview This option O displays the System Overview Graph Errors see below Individual Port Ove...

Page 62: ...ars All system wide statistics counters are graphed Each counter value is shown to the left of the graph and the graph itself provides a visual indication of system wide network activity Individual Po...

Page 63: ...rview Graph Errors but reflects only the statistics for the selected port All of the selected port s statistics counters are graphed Each counter value is shown to the left of the graph and the graph...

Page 64: ......

Page 65: ...hierarchical with ATM station addresses derived from either the ATM switch itself or the ATM network at large Legacy LAN networks broadcast to all devices that are attached to the network ATM network...

Page 66: ...ntric network mandated that before switching any packets on the Ethernet ports the switch HAD to use an LECS for MAC Address determination to connect to and maintain an ELAN This meant that if the con...

Page 67: ...n ATM Physical Media Module installed the device operates as a standalone Ethernet switch In order for the device to switch packets locally all ports must be configured to Fixed ELAN all devices on th...

Page 68: ...onfigured and operational when suddenly the LES connection is terminated All communications with other ATM clients ceases per LAN Emulation Specification 1 0 but local switching for the ELAN continues...

Page 69: ...ce is added to Forwarding Device is added to Forwarding Is LECS Is port Positive Port Complete No No No No Yes Yes Yes configured for FIXED ELAN assignment Table and set to ACTIVE state Table and set...

Page 70: ...from Omega management As previously stated Omega s Main menu enables you to access the submenus that are needed to configure both your Ethernet network and your ATM network Select the System Administr...

Page 71: ...Optic ATM interface Synchronous Optical Network SONET STS 3c type framing which is more common in North America and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy SDH 1 framing which is more common in other countries...

Page 72: ...esented with a frame for transmission whose LAN destination is unknown to that client it must issue a LAN emulation address resolution protocol request frame to the LES over its control point to point...

Page 73: ...or bytes consist of integers ranging from 00 to 64 and includes a Super LEC For example a complete ATM address will resemble the following network prefix MAC address 00 The Super LEC network prefix MA...

Page 74: ...ATM Administration 60 LAN Emulation Menu Return to the Main menu and enter L to access the LAN emulation submenu...

Page 75: ...the AT S16 shows no difference Emulated LAN Definitions This option provides a list of ELAN names associated with each port of your switch Fields in this menu can only be configured through the LECS...

Page 76: ...ption about a particular ELAN is shown below Fields in this menu cannot be configured This menu provides information for the requested ELAN from the ELAN Definition Menu The following information is i...

Page 77: ...e response from the LECS will join an ELAN A device that receives a negative response will join the default ELAN if it has been configured NOTE Ensure that the management workstation remains on the sa...

Page 78: ...configured to the ELAN listed in the Emulated LAN column The MAC address of the device is ignored In order for the device to switch packets locally all ports must be configured to Fixed ELAN Select a...

Page 79: ...well as the logically defined management port As the functionality of this screen is essentially identical as that of the AT 4016 screen you are referred that information Enter po to select the Port...

Page 80: ...95TR or Port 17 for the AT 4016TR and AT 4016F It will also be noted as Port 1 This option displays all of the MAC addresses discovered by management software on the network Note that with Release 2 4...

Page 81: ...LAN Number corresponds to the LEC number ELAN Name is the name of the ELAN itself which is retrieved from the LECS during a configuration request ELAN 1 is Client 1 with the ATM address of NET Prefix...

Page 82: ...entered an ATM address if the connection request is successful then the Primary LECS ATM Address becomes the Current LECS ATM Address If the Primary LECS is not available a connection to the Secondary...

Page 83: ...ry LECS ATM Address submenu Enter a new ATM address if a current ATM address is not specified or if you simply want to change the existing address Return to the LECS configuration submenu and enter S...

Page 84: ...itch for one ELAN by only configuring a single ATM address Note that not all LEC servers will not function in exactly the same way What is important to know is simply that configuration requests are s...

Page 85: ...means that the ELAN configuration is stored in the database but the associated client is not operational If the client is Operational you can only return the client to Idle You can change the client n...

Page 86: ...to the default ELAN for the port Note that any or all ports can have default ELANs assigned by sending a Configuration Request to the LECS for each or all port s that you want assigned to the default...

Page 87: ...actually configure an ELAN they will not be presented here The following menus are used to either view ELAN information Cell statistics This menu enables you to view ATM cell transmit and receive stat...

Page 88: ...stics Menu The Cell Statistics menu enables you to view ATM cell transmit and receive statistics as well as Loss of Frame and Sync events Fields in this menu cannot be configured From the Main menu ac...

Page 89: ...formation VCI All active Virtual Channel Identifier connections associated with this switch are listed in this column Type The type of VCI connection is listed in this column This column defines one o...

Page 90: ...view additional VCI information in the VCI Statistics Menu enter an active VCI number and press return This menu displays statistics for the VCI you specified Again Fields in this menu cannot be confi...

Page 91: ...l number of bytes transmitted from this switch to the specified VCI NOTE All switch statistics are reset by either selecting the Zero all statistics counters on the entire system option from any stati...

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Page 93: ...algorithm and a protocol When STP is applied to a bridged LAN of arbitrary topology it will reduce the topology to a single Spanning Tree This ensures that there is only one data route between two en...

Page 94: ...cally reconfigured by STP to create an alternate path to the LAN When you select the Elan spanning tree parameters option the following menu with three informational columns will appear ELAN Number 1...

Page 95: ...rame relay in order to reduce the number of frames unnecessarily relayed Received frames are discarded and frames are not submitted for transmission Station location information is added to the databa...

Page 96: ...llowing screen appears Bridge Priority When you select Bridge Priority the following screen appears Bridge priority is used by the Spanning Tree algorithm to determine the root bridge It consists of a...

Page 97: ...ty by entering a decimal number from 0 to 65 535 Zero being the highest priority Max Age Time When you select Max age time the following screen appears The maximum age time is the received bridge prot...

Page 98: ...elect Hello time the following screen appears Hello Time is the amount of time between the transmission of configuration BPDUs on any port when it is the root of the spanning tree or trying to become...

Page 99: ...st a port stays in each of the Listening and Learning states This value is also used to age out all dynamic entries in the database when a topology change has been detected and is underway In short Fo...

Page 100: ...nables or disables the Spanning Tree for the ATM port When you select ATM Port Priority the following screen appears You can set the port priority by entering a decimal number from 0 to 255 Zero is th...

Page 101: ...seen from the port This 2 Byte port cost is concatenated with a 6 byte MAC address and can be specified by entering a decimal number between 0 and 65 535 Port To Spanning Tree ELAN Configuration Retur...

Page 102: ...o allows you to view the ELAN identification name as well as the priority and cost for that ELAN The Spanning Tree Protocol is enabled or disabled within each individual port If you are certain that t...

Page 103: ...on line TCP IP family TFTP file transfer procedure 24 hour On line BBS Internet CompuServe The procedures and telephone numbers for ATI s BBS Internet and CompuServe were presented in the Preface NOT...

Page 104: ...16F and identified as such 2 Reset the unit with either the reset button located on the front panel or the reset option in Omega management software 3 During this process the red Alarm LED will displa...

Page 105: ...This port is located on the rear panel of the AT TS95TR and identified as such 3 Restore power to the switch 4 Reset the unit with either the reset button located on the front panel or the reset opti...

Page 106: ...he files as shown below are typical ATHUB MIB 154 469 07 14 94 3100 HUB MIB RFC1368 MIB II DwnLds 33 Last DL 07 14 94 software Omega ZIP 165 427 08 24 92 A stand alone demo of the Omega management Dwn...

Page 107: ...r can be changed once the switch has a configured IP address To use TFTP you will need the following A TCP IP stack and a copy of the TFTP utility on your workstation The download password The name of...

Page 108: ...haracter sequence i e carriage return 0x0D hex or carriage return linefeed 0x0D 0x0A hex character combination Without this delineation the configuration of the fields will not occur The general forma...

Page 109: ...ot all configuration fields apply to all products This file includes configuration data for the AT S6 AT 3690 AT S7 v2 x AT 4016 with PVC s AT S9 v2 x AT TS95TR with PVC s and AT S13 AT 4016TR and AT...

Page 110: ...executing the new program NOTE The switch will not accept a TFTP put request if a PCMCIA card or Firmware Cassette is installed When you use TFTP the file name for the switch must be the same as the d...

Page 111: ...e CLR SCREEN SEQ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Allowable configuration data A maximum of twenty 20 ASCII characters Default Value NULL STRING Terminal Clear Line Control Character Sequence CLR LINE SEQ XXXXXXX...

Page 112: ...owable configuration data A maximum of twenty 20 ASCII characters Default Value private SNMP Trap String TRAP STRING XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Allowable configuration data A maximum of twenty 20 ASCII char...

Page 113: ...XXXXXX Allowable configuration data A maximum of twenty 20 ASCII characters Default Value NULL STRING Port Name PORT NAME 1 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX PORT NAME 2 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX PORT NAME 16 XXXXXXXX XXXXXX...

Page 114: ...System ATM Framing ATM FRAMING SONET Allowable configuration data SONET SDH Default Value SONET Exceptions For ATM systems only System ATM Clocking ATM CLOCKING INTERNAL Allowable configuration data I...

Page 115: ...guration data TRANSMIT COLLISION Default Value COLLISION Spanning Tree Configuration Description FIELD IDENTIFIER and VALUEs Spanning Tree Bridge Priority ST BRIDGE_PRIORITY 1 65535 ELAN number value...

Page 116: ...64 15 Allowable configuration data A numeric value ranging from 4 30 Default Value 15 Bridge ATM State ST ATM STATE 1 DISABLED Bridge number value ST ATM STATE 2 DISABLED ST ATM ADMIN STATE 64 DISABL...

Page 117: ...Value 6 Spanning Tree Port to Elan ST PORT ELAN 1 1 Port number then ELAN ST PORT ELAN 2 1 ST PORT ELAN 16 1 Allowable configuration data A numeric value ranging from 1 64 Default Value 0 Spanning Tre...

Page 118: ...ORT ENABLED 1 DISABLED Port number Value ST PORT ENABLED 2 DISABLED ST PORT ENABLED 16 DISABLED Allowable configuration data DISABLED ENABLED Default Value DISABLED ELAN VLAN Definition Description FI...

Page 119: ...RT ELAN TYPE 1 MAC VLAN number Config Type PORT ELAN TYPE 2 MAC PORT ELAN TYPE 64 MAC Allowable configuration data MAC FIXED Default Value MAC PVC Administration State PVC ADMIN STATE 1 DISABLED PVC A...

Page 120: ...LAN 2 1 PVC VLAN 128 1 Allowable configuration data A number from 1 64 Default Value 0 Exceptions For PVC systems only Primary LECS ATM Address PRIMARY LECS ATM ADDRESS XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX Allowable con...

Page 121: ...and ATM hardware or as part of the ATM Adapter ATM specific hardware This means that essentially your switch is an LEC The following illustration depicts a typical configuration that involves LAN Emul...

Page 122: ...over its control point to point VCC The ATM protocol requires a destination ATM address to set up a connection across the network Yet most people will only know the MAC address of the destination As...

Page 123: ...the network The following diagram shows how one LAN host communicates to another LAN Host LANE allows existing LANs to use ATM as a transit path between similar LAN types ATM then becomes a backbone p...

Page 124: ...n Ethernet host communicates to an ATM host using LANE Note that in switched virtual connection SVC environments LANE entities e g LEC LES and BUS set up connections between each other using UNI signa...

Page 125: ...it interacts with the three components of the LAN Emulation Services which physically reside elsewhere in the network either in an ATM End System workstation or at the ATM switch LAN Emulation Client...

Page 126: ...y when there is no pre established relationship or table correlating an IP and Ethernet address When a new network client is attached to a network the client can issue a RARP broadcast who am I to a R...

Page 127: ...A BUS is the multicast server for an ELAN It handles all broadcast multicast and unknown unicast traffic Packets to be broadcast from the LEC are sent to the BUS The BUS then sends the packets back to...

Page 128: ...the LECS It then sends a request for its configuration including the ATM address of the LES it should contact to join an ELAN The database in the LECS would typically be initialized by the network ad...

Page 129: ...ributing control traffic from LES to LEC Data Connections Data VCCs are used to carry data frames between LECs or between an LEC and the BUS These carry data frames as well as flush messages Apart fro...

Page 130: ......

Page 131: ...errors or number of packets Other variables regulate switch configuration e g turn port X Off Line or Enable Link Test function Your switch implements other related MIB extensions as well For more inf...

Page 132: ...l RFC 903 RARP is only used when IP addresses have not been assigned SNMP Primitives The major software interface consists of one simple mechanism the exchange of SNMP Simple Network Management Protoc...

Page 133: ...Change the value of certain parameters the NMS uses the SetRequest PDU and the switch responds with a GetResponse PDU The switch will change both its current value and its local default to be used wh...

Page 134: ...e minimally supported i e for any parameter in this group the switch returns a GetResponse with a noSuchName ErrorStatus It is anticipated that the Address Translation Group will be deleted from TCP I...

Page 135: ...dentifier ipNetToMediaPhysAddress defaults to 0 ipNetToMediaNetAddress is obtained from the row s instance identifier ipNetToMediaType defaults to static TCP Group The AT 4016TR supports the TCP Group...

Page 136: ...ince the AT 4016TR ignores all SNMP response PDUs snmpInReadOnlys snmp 11 Counter Read Only Always zero since the AT 4016TR ignores all SNMP response PDUs snmpInGenErrs snmp 12 Counter Read Only Alway...

Page 137: ...nmpOutBadValues snmp 22 Counter Read Only The total number of SNMP PDUs created by the AT 4016TR with a value of badValue in the PDU s ErrorStatus snmpOutReadOnlys snmp 23 Counter Read Only All GetRes...

Page 138: ...nghani and McCloghrie editors Traps The unit sends Trap PDUs to the NMS using the pre configured NMS IP address see sxadminNMSIPAddr If no address has been pre configured then the unit sends the Traps...

Page 139: ...as disabled usage of the port The variable bind ings portion of the trap contains the ifIndex of the port linkUp 3 A port has come back to life and the local management agent has re enabled usage of t...

Page 140: ......

Page 141: ...rate of data throughput on the medium in bits per second Ethernet specifies 10 million bits per second BIT TIME The duration of one bit symbol 1 BR Ethernet specifies a bit time of 100 ns BROADCAST AN...

Page 142: ...a 10Base T signal wire tester HUB REPEATER A hub is a central signal distributor It is used in a wiring topology consisting of several point to point segments originating from a central point The ter...

Page 143: ...MAU HUB to HUB WIRING 10Base T MAU to MAU or hub to hub wiring generally requires a crossover cable located somewhere along the UTP cable run This may commonly occur at the punch down block or betwee...

Page 144: ...3 has specific propagation delay maxima for computing propagation budgets when designing a LAN Cable length plays a major role in propagation delay for example a 50 meter 164 foot AUI cable has a maxi...

Page 145: ...and simpler configuration support Does not require any changes to access wiring or adapter cards SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORK SONET A set of physical layer definitions for data transmission across fib...

Page 146: ...o it Bandwidth is allocated on demand by the network as users have traffic to transmit VIRTUAL CHANNEL CONNECTION VCC Virtual channels in two or more sequential physical circuits can be concatenated t...

Page 147: ..._____________ Conditions List the steps that led up to the problem ___________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ _______________________________...

Page 148: ......

Page 149: ...rio Tel 416 675 6738 Fax 416 675 0057 Richmond British Columbia Tel 604 244 0678 Fax 604 270 3644 England Abingdon Oxon Tel 44 1235 442500 Fax 44 1235 442590 France Les Ulis Tel 33 1 60921525 Fax 33 1...

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Page 151: ...e forum xii configuration information 70 configuration requests 70 counter 44 cut through 6 31 cut through switching 30 D default ELAN 70 Download password 21 downloaded password 36 E ELAN name 62 ELA...

Page 152: ...tion string 21 set community string 21 SNMP manager address 21 subnet mask 21 trap community string 21 network prefix 58 new password 16 nonTCP IP environment 18 nonvolatile flash memory 90 null cells...

Page 153: ...32 custom terminal configuration 33 data rate 35 generic 32 terminal emulator program 11 18 transparent bridge 7 TurboStack Segmented Backplane 26 U UNI 3 0 57 UNI 3 1 57 V Virtual Circuit Information...

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