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P-871H Series User’s Guide

90

IP Subnetting

Note:

In the following charts, shaded/bolded last octet bit values indicate host ID bits
“borrowed” to form network ID bits. The number of “borrowed” host ID bits
determines the number of subnets you can have. The remaining number of
host ID bits (after “borrowing”) determines the number of hosts you can have
on each subnet.

The remaining 7 bits determine the number of hosts each subnet can have. Host IDs of all
zeros represent the subnet itself and host IDs of all ones are the broadcast address for that
subnet, so the actual number of hosts available on each subnet in the example above is 2

7

– 2

or 126 hosts for each subnet.

192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is the subnet itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask
255.255.255.128 is the directed broadcast address for the first subnet. Therefore, the lowest IP
address that can be assigned to an actual host for the first subnet is 192.168.1.1 and the highest
is 192.168.1.126. Similarly the host ID range for the second subnet is 192.168.1.129 to
192.168.1.254.

Table 28

Subnet 1

NETWORK NUMBER

LAST OCTET BIT
VALUE

IP Address

192.168.1.

0

IP Address (Binary)

11000000.10101000.00000001.

0

0000000

Subnet Mask

255.255.255.

128

Subnet Mask (Binary)

11111111.11111111.11111111.

1

0000000

Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.127

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126

Table 29

Subnet 2

NETWORK NUMBER

LAST OCTET BIT VALUE

IP Address

192.168.1.

128

IP Address (Binary)

11000000.10101000.00000001.

1

0000000

Subnet Mask

255.255.255.

128

Subnet Mask (Binary)

11111111.11111111.11111111.

1

0000000

Subnet Address:

192.168.1.128

Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.129

Broadcast Address:

192.168.1.255

Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.254

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Содержание P-871H Series

Страница 1: ...P 871H Series VDSL Modem with 4 port Switch User s Guide Version 3 50 7 2005...

Страница 2: ...photocopying manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of ZyXEL Communications Corporation Published by ZyXEL Communications Corporation All rights reserved Disclaimer ZyXEL does not as...

Страница 3: ...tructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off an...

Страница 4: ...pply is damaged remove it from the power outlet Do NOT attempt to repair the power supply Contact your local vendor to order a new power supply Place connecting cables carefully so that no one will st...

Страница 5: ...by an act of God or subjected to abnormal working conditions Note Repair or replacement as provided under this warranty is the exclusive remedy of the purchaser This warranty is in lieu of all other w...

Страница 6: ...j 5 2860 Soeborg Denmark sales zyxel dk 45 39 55 07 07 FINLAND support zyxel fi 358 9 4780 8411 www zyxel fi ZyXEL Communications Oy Malminkaari 10 00700 Helsinki Finland sales zyxel fi 358 9 4780 844...

Страница 7: ...xel co uk ZyXEL Communications UK Ltd 11 The Courtyard Eastern Road Bracknell Berkshire RG12 2XB United Kingdom UK sales zyxel co uk 44 0 1344 303034 ftp zyxel co uk is the prefix number you enter to...

Страница 8: ...Chapter 1 Getting to Know Your Prestige 17 1 1 Introduction 17 1 2 Software Features 17 1 3 Hardware Features 18 1 4 Internet Access Application 18 Chapter 2 Hardware Overview 19 2 1 Hardware Connecti...

Страница 9: ...1 Overview 35 5 2 System Information 35 5 3 Introduction to VLANs 36 5 4 IGMP Snooping 37 5 5 Switch Setup Screen 37 5 6 IP Setup 39 5 7 Port Setup 40 5 8 Login Setup 41 Chapter 6 VLAN 43 6 1 Introduc...

Страница 10: ...hapter 10 Introduction to CLI 59 10 1 Overview 59 10 1 1 Accessing the Command Line Interface 59 10 2 The Login Screen 59 10 2 1 Command Conventions 60 10 2 2 Command Syntax Conventions 60 10 2 3 Gett...

Страница 11: ...ing Settings 74 Windows 2000 NT XP 74 Verifying Settings 79 Macintosh OS 8 9 79 Verifying Settings 81 Macintosh OS X 81 Verifying Settings 82 Linux 82 Using the K Desktop Environment KDE 83 Using Conf...

Страница 12: ...igure 18 VLAN VLAN Status 46 Figure 19 VLAN Static VLAN 47 Figure 20 VLAN VLAN Port Setting 48 Figure 21 Port Based VLAN Setup All Connected 49 Figure 22 Port Based VLAN Setup Port Isolation 49 Figure...

Страница 13: ...ure 53 Windows XP Control Panel Network Connections Properties 76 Figure 54 Windows XP Local Area Connection Properties 76 Figure 55 Windows XP Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties 77 Figure 56 Windows...

Страница 14: ...inology 44 Table 15 VLAN VLAN Status 46 Table 16 VLAN Static VLAN 47 Table 17 VLAN VLAN Port Setting 48 Table 18 Port Based VLAN Setup 50 Table 19 Broadcast Storm Control 51 Table 20 Filename Conventi...

Страница 15: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 14 List of Tables...

Страница 16: ...r an online glossary of networking terms and additional support documentation Syntax Conventions Enter means for you to type one or more characters Select or Choose means for you to use one of the pre...

Страница 17: ...comments questions or suggestions for improvement to techwriters zyxel com tw or send regular mail to The Technical Writing Team ZyXEL Communications Corp 6 Innovation Road II Science Based Industrial...

Страница 18: ...layer 2 bridging and switch features of the Prestige VLAN A VLAN Virtual Local Area Network allows a physical network to be partitioned into multiple logical networks Devices on a logical network belo...

Страница 19: ...r 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps in either half duplex or full duplex mode depending on your Ethernet network The ports are also auto crossover MDI MDI X meaning they automatically adjust to either a crossover o...

Страница 20: ...l LEDs LED COLOR STATUS DESCRIPTION PWR Green On The Prestige is receiving power functioning properly Off The Prestige is not receiving power SYS Green On The Prestige is functioning properly Blinking...

Страница 21: ...may use a crossover cable or a straight through Ethernet cable to connect your Prestige to a computer external hub 2 3 4 Console Port You can configure the Prestige via a terminal emulator software o...

Страница 22: ...Overview 21 2 3 5 POWER Port Connect the power adaptor to the port labeled POWER on the rear panel of your Prestige Push in the power button to turn on the Prestige Note To avoid damage to the Prestig...

Страница 23: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 22 Chapter 2 Hardware Overview...

Страница 24: ...olution is 1024 by 768 pixels In order to use the web configurator you need to allow Web browser pop up windows from your device Web pop up blocking is enabled by default in Windows XP SP Service Pack...

Страница 25: ...Status screen is the first screen that displays when you access the web configurator The following figure shows the navigating components of a web configurator screen Figure 5 Web Configurator Home Sc...

Страница 26: ...RIPTION Basic Settings System Info This link takes you to a screen that displays general system and hardware monitoring information Switch Setup This link takes you to a screen where you can set up gl...

Страница 27: ...gement VLAN default is VLAN 1 2 Deleting all port based VLANs with the CPU port as a member The CPU port is the management port of the Prestige 3 Disabling all ports Management Maintenance This link t...

Страница 28: ...u will lose all previous configurations and the speed of the console port will be reset to the default of 9600bps with 8 data bit no parity one stop bit and flow control set to none The password will...

Страница 29: ...for security reasons and so as you don t lock out other Prestige administrators Figure 8 Web Configurator Logout Screen 3 7 Help The web configurator s online help has descriptions of individual scre...

Страница 30: ...and port details screens 4 1 Overview The home screen of the web configurator displays a port statistical summary table with links to each port showing statistical details 4 2 Port Status Summary To...

Страница 31: ...Retrain Click Retrain to re establish line connection The following fields are related to the Ethernet ports Port This identifies the port Click a port number to display the Port Details screen Link T...

Страница 32: ...s field shows the total amount of time the line has been up VDSL Status Line Rate This field displays the upstream downstream transmission rate Payload Rate This field displays the upstream downstream...

Страница 33: ...isplays the number of packets received Collision Collision Count This field shows the number of packets collision detected Error Packet Rx CRC This field shows the number of frames with error s Poll I...

Страница 34: ...this port Rx Bytes This field shows the received traffic in Bytes on this port Up Time This field shows the total amount of time the connection has been up Errors This field shows the number of receiv...

Страница 35: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 34 Chapter 4 System Status and Port Statistics...

Страница 36: ...as firmware version number The Switch Setup screen allows you to set up and configure global device features The IP Setup screen allows you to configure a Prestige IP address subnet mask s and defaul...

Страница 37: ...nal switched environments all broadcast packets go to each and every individual port With VLAN all broadcasts are confined to a specific broadcast domain Note VLAN is unidirectional it only governs ou...

Страница 38: ...figure them The Prestige forwards multicast traffic destined for multicast groups that it has learned from IGMP snooping or that you have manually configured to ports that are members of that group Th...

Страница 39: ...evel The following descriptions are based on the traffic types defined in the IEEE 802 1d standard which incorporates the 802 1p Level 7 Typically used for network control traffic such as router confi...

Страница 40: ...ed LABEL DESCRIPTION Table 11 IP Setup LABEL DESCRIPTION Management IP Address IP Address Enter the IP address in dotted decimal notation of the Prestige for device management For example 192 168 1 1...

Страница 41: ...rns off this feature the Prestige determines the connection speed by detecting the signal on the cable and using half duplex mode When the Prestige s auto negotiation is turned off a port uses the pre...

Страница 42: ...ave the settings Cancel Click Cancel to reset the fields to your previous configuration Table 12 Port Setup continued LABEL DESCRIPTION Table 13 Password LABEL DESCRIPTION Old Password Type the defaul...

Страница 43: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 42 Chapter 5 Basic Setting...

Страница 44: ...received at an Ethernet port has a CFI set to 1 then that frame should not be forwarded as it is to an untagged port The remaining twelve bits define the VLAN ID giving a possible maximum number of 4...

Страница 45: ...LAN members Registration Forbidden Ports with registration forbidden are forbidden to join the specified VLAN Normal Registration Ports dynamically join a VLAN using GVRP VLAN Tag Control Tagged Ports...

Страница 46: ...o a VLAN group as normal depends on its VLAN tag sent to a group whether it has a VLAN tag or not blocked from a VLAN group regardless of its VLAN tag You can also tag all outgoing frames that were pr...

Страница 47: ...g in a VLAN A tagged port is marked as T an untagged port is marked as U and ports not participating in a VLAN are marked as Elapsed Time This field shows how long it has been since a normal VLAN was...

Страница 48: ...ptive name for the VLAN group for identification purposes VLAN Group ID Enter the VLAN ID for this static entry the valid range is between 1 and 4094 Port This field displays the Ethernet port number...

Страница 49: ...ust define the egress an egress port is an outgoing port that is a port through which a data packet leaves for both ports VID This field displays the ID number of the VLAN group Click the number to ed...

Страница 50: ...VLAN setup screen is shown next The CPU management port forms a VLAN with all Ethernet ports 6 4 1 Configure a Port based VLAN Select Port Based as the VLAN Type in the Prestige Setup screen see Figu...

Страница 51: ...These are the ingress ports an ingress port is an incoming port that is a port through which a data packet enters If you wish to allow two subscriber ports to talk to each other you must define the i...

Страница 52: ...is screen Table 19 Broadcast Storm Control LABEL DESCRIPTION Active Select this check box to enable broadcast storm control on the Prestige Clear this check box to disable the feature Port This field...

Страница 53: ...uide 52 Chapter 7 Broadcast Storm Control Apply Click Apply to save your changes back to the Prestige Cancel Click Cancel to begin configuring this screen afresh Table 19 Broadcast Storm Control conti...

Страница 54: ...n panel to open the following screen Figure 24 Maintenance 8 1 1 VDSL Chip Reset You can reset the VDSL connection on the Prestige This clears VDSL counters and reconnect the VDSL link 1 In the Mainte...

Страница 55: ...to change the IP address of your computer to be in the same subnet as that of the default Prestige IP address 192 168 1 1 8 1 3 Reboot System Reboot System allows you to restart the Prestige without...

Страница 56: ...saving the current configuration to a file called config cfg on your computer If your T FTP client does not allow you to have a destination filename different than the source you will need to rename t...

Страница 57: ...name conventions 7 Enter quit to exit the ftp prompt 8 2 3 GUI based FTP Clients The following table describes some of the commands that you may see in GUI based FTP clients General Commands for GUI b...

Страница 58: ...ee the following figure 1 The Prestige examines a received frame and learns the port on which this source MAC address came 2 The Prestige checks to see if the frame s destination MAC address matches a...

Страница 59: ...ummary table below MAC Click this button to display and arrange the data according to MAC address VID Click this button to display and arrange the data according to VLAN group Port Click this button t...

Страница 60: ...leshooting Note You must use the config save command to save your changes for each CLI session All unsaved configuration changes are lost once you exit from the CLI 10 1 1 Accessing the Command Line I...

Страница 61: ...turn the system monitor on or off sys monitor enable on off Optional fields in a command are enclosed in square brackets for example year month and day are optional in the following command This comma...

Страница 62: ...ination device sys password password Sets the system administrator password The default is 1234 romreset Resets the device back to the factory defaults sys sw bmstorm These commands relate to broadcas...

Страница 63: ...svlan cpu vlan id Sets the VLAN ID of the management VLAN CPU svlan delentry vid Deletes the specified VID static VLAN svlan list Displays a table of static VLANs svlan setentry vid port Applies a st...

Страница 64: ...ntax config save This command saves the current configuration Note You must save your changes after each CLI session All unsaved configuration changes are lost once you exit from the CLI 11 3 ip igmps...

Страница 65: ...ch limits the broadcast storm packets to 15000 pps packet per second for a 100Mbps port or 1500 pps for a 10Mbps port Figure 35 sys sw bmstorm enable Command Example 11 6 sys sw mac list Syntax sys sw...

Страница 66: ...to This allows the port to negotiate with a peer port automatically to obtain the connection speed and duplex mode that both ends support The following example sets port four to transmit at 100 Mpbs i...

Страница 67: ...igure 40 sys sw qos defpri Command Example 11 7 5 sys sw vlan status Syntax sys sw vlan status This command displays current VLAN status The following figure shows an example Figure 41 sys sw vlan sta...

Страница 68: ...t the default port VLAN ID between 1 and 4094 The following example sets the default port VID to 2 on port four Then displays the port VLAN settings Figure 44 sys sw vlan1q prt defaultVID Command Exam...

Страница 69: ...VLAN with the specified VID and port number s The following example creates a static VLAN VID 2 with port four belonging to this VLAN Figure 46 sys sw vlan1q svlan setentry Command Example 11 7 11 sy...

Страница 70: ...P 871H Series User s Guide Chapter 11 Command Examples 69 Figure 47 sys sw vlan1q status Command Example ras sys sw vlan1q status 802 1Q VLAN Setup Management VLAN ID 1 ras...

Страница 71: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 70 Chapter 11 Command Examples...

Страница 72: ...ase of a third party TCP IP application package TCP IP should already be installed on computers using Windows NT 2000 XP Macintosh OS 7 and later operating systems After the appropriate TCP IP compone...

Страница 73: ...If you need the adapter 1 In the Network window click Add 2 Select Adapter and then click Add 3 Select the manufacturer and model of your network adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP 1 In the...

Страница 74: ...ry and click Properties 2 Click the IP Address tab If your IP address is dynamic select Obtain an IP address automatically If you have a static IP address select Specify an IP address and type your in...

Страница 75: ...rties window 6 Click OK to close the Network window Insert the Windows CD if prompted 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer when prompted Verifying Settings 1 Click Start and then Run 2 In...

Страница 76: ...75 Figure 51 Windows XP Start Menu 2 In the Control Panel double click Network Connections Network and Dial up Connections in Windows 2000 NT Figure 52 Windows XP Control Panel 3 Right click Local Are...

Страница 77: ...and then click Properties Figure 54 Windows XP Local Area Connection Properties 5 The Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties window opens the General tab in Windows XP If you have a dynamic IP address c...

Страница 78: ...Address type an IP address in IP address and a subnet mask in Subnet mask and then click Add Repeat the above two steps for each IP address you want to add Configure additional default gateways in th...

Страница 79: ...indows XP Click Obtain DNS server address automatically if you do not know your DNS server IP address es If you know your DNS server IP address es click Use the following DNS server addresses and type...

Страница 80: ...dow Network and Dial up Connections in Windows 2000 NT 11Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer if prompted Verifying Settings 1 Click Start All Programs Accessories and then Command Prompt 2...

Страница 81: ...e 80 Appendix A Figure 58 Macintosh OS 8 9 Apple Menu 2 Select Ethernet built in from the Connect via list Figure 59 Macintosh OS 8 9 TCP IP 3 For dynamically assigned settings select Using DHCP Serve...

Страница 82: ...to save changes to your configuration 7 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer if prompted Verifying Settings Check your TCP IP properties in the TCP IP Control Panel window Macintosh OS X 1...

Страница 83: ...mask box Type the IP address of your Prestige in the Router address box 5 Click Apply Now and close the window 6 Turn on your Prestige and restart your computer if prompted Verifying Settings Check yo...

Страница 84: ...your computer IP address using the KDE 1 Click the Red Hat button located on the bottom left corner select System Setting and click Network Figure 62 Red Hat 9 0 KDE Network Configuration Devices 2 D...

Страница 85: ...ess es click the DNS tab in the Network Configuration screen Enter the DNS server information in the fields provided Figure 64 Red Hat 9 0 KDE Network Configuration DNS 5 Click the Devices tab 6 Click...

Страница 86: ...example where the static IP address is 192 168 1 10 and the subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Figure 67 Red Hat 9 0 Static IP Address Setting in ifconfig eth0 2 If you know your DNS server IP address es e...

Страница 87: ...rface OK Setting network parameters OK Bringing up loopback interface OK Bringing up interface eth0 OK root localhost ifconfig eth0 Link encap Ethernet HWaddr 00 50 BA 72 5B 44 inet addr 172 23 19 129...

Страница 88: ...he first two octets make up the network number and the two remaining octets make up the host ID Class C addresses begin starting from the left with 1 1 0 In a class C address the first three octets ma...

Страница 89: ...ID Subnet masks are expressed in dotted decimal notation just as IP addresses are The natural masks for class A B and C IP addresses are as follows Subnetting With subnetting the class arrangement of...

Страница 90: ...92 168 1 0 with subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 The first three octets of the address make up the network number class C You want to have two separate networks Divide the network 192 168 1 0 into two sep...

Страница 91: ...255 128 is the directed broadcast address for the first subnet Therefore the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for the first subnet is 192 168 1 1 and the highest is 192 168 1...

Страница 92: ...Address Binary 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000000 Subnet Mask Binary 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 Subnet Address 192 168 1 0 Lowest Host ID 192 168 1 1 Broadcast Address 192 168 1 63 Highest H...

Страница 93: ...1111 11111111 11000000 Subnet Address 192 168 1 192 Lowest Host ID 192 168 1 193 Broadcast Address 192 168 1 255 Highest Host ID 192 168 1 254 Table 34 Eight Subnets SUBNET SUBNET ADDRESS FIRST ADDRES...

Страница 94: ...tting The following table is a summary for class B subnet planning Table 36 Class B Subnet Planning NO BORROWED HOST BITS SUBNET MASK NO SUBNETS NO HOSTS PER SUBNET 1 255 255 128 0 17 2 32766 2 255 25...

Страница 95: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 94 IP Subnetting...

Страница 96: ...s represents each character For example in ASCII code the capital letter A is always represented by the order number 65 which is easily represented using 0 s and 1 s in binary 1000001 The standard ASC...

Страница 97: ...P 871H Series User s Guide 96 Appendix C...

Страница 98: ...tions 2 Circuit 2 Class B 2 CLI 59 Accessing 59 Command convention 60 Command examples 63 Command summary 61 Getting help 60 Syntax convention 60 CLI Command Line Interface 59 Communications 2 Complia...

Страница 99: ...ge Points 3 Host 26 41 Host IDs 87 I IEEE 802 1p 38 IGMP snooping 37 38 Ingress port 50 Interference 2 Interference Correction Measures 2 Internet Access 18 Introduction 17 IP Addressing 87 IP Classes...

Страница 100: ...Related Documentation 15 Relocate 2 Removing 3 Reorient 2 Repair 3 Reset 27 Reset to factory default settings 53 Restore configuration 27 Risk 3 Risks 3 S Safety Warnings 3 Separation Between Equipmen...

Страница 101: ...VLAN 48 Static VLAN 46 Status 46 Tagged 43 Type 38 44 VLAN Virtual Local Area Network 17 36 Voltage Supply 3 Voltage High 3 W Wall Mount 3 Warnings 3 Water 3 Water Pipes 3 Web configuration Screen sum...

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