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 Our design philosophies have been influenced by both the professional and home audio 
markets. Traditionally the professional market has been driven by reliability with sound 
quality as second. The home market was the reverse. Today however both reliability and 
sound quality carry equal weight in both sectors. Cosmetics for obvious reasons are 
important in any sector. My experience in designing and building professional amplifiers 
has helped me in taking a similar approach in the design of mobile audio amplifiers. No 
matter how pretty or good sounding an amplifier may be, if it fails then it is a bad amplifier. 
The lesson learned many years ago was “silicon”, and use lots of it. All things being 
equal, if an amplifier drive circuit is stable, then adding an output stage (itself stable as 
well) with enough power devices will make the amplifier reliable. This assumes of course 
that mechanical issues are taken care of. Zed has always been a proponent of using a 
generous amount of power transistors in the output stages of our amplifiers. In addition 
we design at temperatures of 80 degrees Celsius. All semiconductors must be derated at 
these elevated temperatures and we use enough power devices for safe operation into 
the lowest load impedance the particular amplifier has been designed to drive.

Our personal opinion about “fancy” cables and exotic passive components may shock 
some of you. I have never been able to hear the difference between a cheap or an 
expensive RCA patch cord. My listening has been done using double blind A-B 
comparisons. Electrons are not very clever things and they have no knowledge of the type 
of material through which they are flowing at the speed of light (312,000 Km/second). The 
ONLY reason we recommend high quality double shielded RCA patch cords in mobile 
installations is to reject noise. My opinion about speaker cables is the same. As long as 
the wire is thick enough, it’s construction makes no difference. As long as the amplifier is 
stable into reactive loads with phase angles of up to 60 degrees, the amplifier is none the 
wiser what type of speaker cable is used. 

The use of teflon, polypropylene, tantalum or other capacitors does not make a good 
sounding amplifier. There are too many other variables in the audio chain that one 
capacitor can make a difference. The use of metal film resistors is only of use in low noise 
circuits and where tolerance is of an issue. Never forget what the music signal had to go 
through to get onto your CD or vinyl. The signal began as a micro volt specimen at the 
microphone, sent through a high gain pre-amplifier, passed through equalization circuits, 
possible compressors, limiters or other processing gear  and then mixed with all the other 
tracks. In analog days and today still, this signal was sent to a 24 track tape recorder 
again through a multitude of transformers, pre-amplifiers, equalizers and yikes the tape 
heads themselves. Then the signals were passed back through the tape deck’s playback 
circuits including the equalizer for playback, then back into the mixing console for mix-
down to two track and then this was repeated again onto a two track tape recorder, then 
sent to the cutting head amplifier where the masters were then cut. A torturous journey 
one could say for this fragile audio signal. 

Page 4

Содержание Kronos

Страница 1: ...Instruction and Installation Manual KRONOS LEVIATHAN Designed and manufactured in the United States of America...

Страница 2: ...es Surface mount for higher reliability Clipping LEDs on every channel allows set up and help prevent amplifier clipping Power supplies use TO 247 packaged MOSFETs each with 110A capability Front end...

Страница 3: ...out 70 80 of the power supplied to them as heat Class A amplifiers do not even think about for mobile use as their efficiency is even worse So what options are available Class D is the one of them For...

Страница 4: ...the same energy as music driving the amplifier to clip occasionally Easy to verify We use pink noise Google it and see what it really is to simulate music and this proves at least to us that pink nois...

Страница 5: ...er is 2 2dB the difference between the 2 and 1 ohm power is 1 76dB and the difference between 4 and 1 ohm power is 3 9dB So what do these numbers tell us First if the speaker is 4 ohms vs 2 ohms no wa...

Страница 6: ...ns Electrons are not very clever things and they have no knowledge of the type of material through which they are flowing at the speed of light 312 000 Km second The ONLY reason we recommend high qual...

Страница 7: ...nt These prototypes are bench tested put in to vehicles listened to both in the vehicle and at home then retested on the bench We bake them in ovens and retest again Heat is the enemy and we want to m...

Страница 8: ...This spreads out the amount of current being drawn through one bolt connection tiffening capacitors These are of NO use with our amplifiers due to the fact that the Samplifiers have fully regulated po...

Страница 9: ...output voltage from the head will approach 1 volt on musical peaks Let assume we have an amplifier of 100 watts This implies that we can deliver 20 volts across a 4 ohm load Let us assume that the amp...

Страница 10: ...e very small indeed Certainly less than 0 1 ohms Whoa look what has happened the EFFECTIVE DAMPING FACTOR has been reduced from 1000 to 40 by just taking into account those pesky unavoidable contact r...

Страница 11: ...ach stage with local feedback This allows us to design an amplifier with lower open loop gain and thus we only have to apply about 8dB of global feedback Ultra low THD was not our goal but rather an a...

Страница 12: ...p slope high pass filters with Sa frequency range between 10 to 50Hz Their only function is to filter out those frequencies which lie below audibility The woofer s cone will not flop around as it does...

Страница 13: ...as not to damage the threads in the bottom of the heat sink We supply four longer M4 bolts with each amplifier Fusing of amplifiers Almost every amplifier I have worked on is OVER FUSED period Over fu...

Страница 14: ...f a machine bolt and nut rather than a self tapper The torque that the machine bolt can exert is greater than that of a self tapper and due to the large currents flowing through this ground connection...

Страница 15: ...lat mode 12 12 Low Pass Crossover all are 24dB octave 46Hz 3 4KHz 80Hz 4KHz 40Hz 240Hz High Pass Crossover all are 24dB octave 46Hz 3 4KHz 80Hz 4KHz Subsonic Crossover24dB octave 11Hz 48Hz 11hz 48Hz E...

Страница 16: ...igh and low pass crossovers setting the upper and lower frequency cut off points of the band pass So with running as a two channel amplifier the RCA sockets marked 3 and 4 are simple loop throughs or...

Страница 17: ...the audio section is done with opto isolators which allows us to keep the control circuits fully isolated from the audio circuits Do NOT power up with the volume level high The internal initializing...

Страница 18: ...te charge types which are utilized for their unique characteristics which are beneficial for class D full range amplifiers The power supply is almost an all new design Fully regulated yes of course as...

Страница 19: ...ridged the process is One channel is in phase with the incoming signal and the other is 180 degrees out of phase So a positive going incoming signal will drive the non inverting channel s output in a...

Страница 20: ...1 or ch2 speaker terminals Then set the BALANCE control until the readings on the meter are the same when switching between ch1 and ch 2 1 MODE PASS 2 3 4 LOWEQ BALANCE LEVEL BP LP LP 2ch LP FLAT HP...

Страница 21: ...4 INPUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K...

Страница 22: ...INPUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200...

Страница 23: ...PUTS 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52...

Страница 24: ...S 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200 200 65...

Страница 25: ...AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 0dB 12dB 12dB 48 48 44 44 40 40 27 27 17 17 11 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 52 3 4K 3 4K 200 200 65 65 1 3K 1 3K _ PROT POWER...

Страница 26: ...6v 8 6v 2 2 1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 12dB 48 44 40 27 17 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K _...

Страница 27: ...1 1 DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO BATT REM GND POWER CONNECTIONS SPEAKER CONNECTIONS 1 1 2 2 BRIDGE _ 0dB 0dB 12dB 12dB 48 48 44 44 40 40 27 27 17 17 11 11 52 3 4K 200 65 1 3K 52 52 3...

Страница 28: ...plifier with six channels and 150w per channel BUT it would be big heavy and expensive The expensive part has been eliminated with the higher efficiency obtained with class D and our power supply tech...

Страница 29: ...nt into is in does not incorporate the load impedance measurement system owing to the fact that there are six channels and one power supply uses ultra fast MOSFETs in each channel rated at 29A The pow...

Страница 30: ...115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESI...

Страница 31: ...1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE U...

Страница 32: ...6 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 48 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR B...

Страница 33: ...5 6 11 48 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRID...

Страница 34: ...6 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 48 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 115 360 1 8K 4K 80 80 115 115 360 360 1 8K 1 8K 4K 4K 17 27 40 44 40 240 50 63 110 180 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BR...

Страница 35: ...L LEVEL LOW PASS MODE MODE MODE LP BP 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v SUB SONIC LEVEL LEVEL LOW PASS LP 1 4 LP LP 5 6 FLAT FLAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 POWER PROT CLIP 1 3 2 4 5...

Страница 36: ...27 27 40 40 44 44 40 40 240 240 50 50 63 63 110 110 180 180 200 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN T...

Страница 37: ...27 40 40 44 44 40 40 240 240 50 50 63 63 110 110 180 180 200 200 BATT REM GND MINIMUM LOAD IS 2 OHM CHANNEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE U...

Страница 38: ...NEL or 4 OHM BRIDGED PAIR BRIDGE BRIDGE BRIDGE POWER CONNECTIONS DESIGNED AND ASSEMBLED IN THE USA by ZED AUDIO THE CONTROLS SHOWN IN GREEN ARE APPLICABLE ONLY LEVIATHAN with Chs 5 6 in low pass using...

Страница 39: ...S MODE MODE MODE LP BP 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v 0 25v 0 25v 8 6v 8 6v SUB SONIC LEVEL LEVEL LOW PASS LP 1 4 LP LP 5 6 FLAT FLAT 1 2 3 4 5 6 POWER PROT CLIP 1 3 2 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1...

Страница 40: ...his signal level the better the subjective S N ratio is Protection LED comes on Remove speaker connections from amplifier Turn amplifier off for 5 seconds Turn on again if LED is off the problem is wi...

Страница 41: ...ced the warranty is null and void There are NO exceptions to this To obtain factory service under the terms of this warranty the purchaser must contact Zed Audio Corporation or an appointed service ce...

Страница 42: ...with a copy of the original sales invoice The full purchase price shall be refunded less the original freight amount For any damaged or missing parts on the amplifier including packaging materials the...

Страница 43: ...d and the power amplifier will incorporate tubes right up to the output stage The output devices will be high speed Sanken or Toshiba devices which in my opinion are the best bi polar devices around C...

Страница 44: ...oduct purchased Serial number Name and address from whom this product was purchased Date of purchase Please do not forget to mail a copy of the retail invoice OR scan it an email to us If you are mail...

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