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Terminology
Part 8
CNC (Computer Numerical Control): A CNC machine is a
motorized platform controlled by a computer according to
specific input instructions.
Units (mm or inches): It is imperative that the units match. If
you tell your software to work in inches and the router works
in mm, you are going to get very bad or compressed results.
G-code: G-code stands for “Geometric Code”. It is a
programming language for CNC that instructs machines where
and how to move. Most machines speak a different “dialect”
of g-code, so the codes vary depending on type, make, and
model.
Controller or Motherboard: This is the brain of your CNC
working with an Arduino microprocessor. This is the bit of
electronics that controls everything: stepper motors (axis
movements), spindle motor (cutting speeds), laser (power
settings), jogging, G-code commands received via USB or an
offline controller, etc.
Grbl : This is the software which runs on the
motherboard. It takes the G-code and translates it into
the movements and speeds needed to cut a line for
example.
Stepper motor: A motor that is told to turn in small
steps like turn clockwise 1.7˚ as opposed to a normal
motor that will continue to rotate as long as the power
is supplied. Each step of the motor will turn the
threaded rod which will move the the axes connected
to it.
Spindle Motor: This is the big electric motor which
holds the cutting bit.
Stock: Whatever you are trying to engrave, cut or
carve.
Bed: This is the flat MDF plywood or aluminium bed
which holds the stock with slots in it to allow clamps to
hold the stock down.