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Marine Installation Manual

2022-03

6-4

6 Engine Dynamics

6.1 External mass forces and moments

X62DF-S2.0

For the use of only a single iELBA, the mode shapes of the vertical hull girder vi

-

brations must be considered. If the mode shapes of the vertical hull girder vibra

-

tions are unknown, the application of only a single iELBA may be ineffective.
The calculation of the vertical hull girder frequencies, the corresponding mode
shapes and consequently the decision on the number of iELBA systems to be in

-

stalled is the responsibility of the shipyard.

Electrically-driven compensator (external compensator)

Alternatively, or if the ship’s vibration pattern is not known at an early stage, an
electrically-driven compensator can be installed or retrofitted if disturbing
second order vibrations should occur. As seen in

, such a compensator

is usually installed in the steering gear compartment. It is tuned to the engine op

-

erating speed and controlled accordingly.

Figure 6

-

3 Locating an electrically-driven compensator

NOTE

The iELBA system cannot be retrofitted to the engine. The iELBA must

be ordered, designed and implemented on the engine prior to manufac

-

turing.

SM-0031

F

2V

M

2V

= F

2V

× L

L

M

2V

Electrically-driven

2

nd

order

compensator

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Содержание X62DF-S2.0

Страница 1: ...Marine Installation Manual X62DF S2 0 Issue 2022 03...

Страница 2: ...copyright holder Winterthur Gas Diesel Ltd makes no representation warranty express or implied in this publication and assumes no re sponsibility for the correctness errors or omissions of informatio...

Страница 3: ...enting Ventilation of double wall fuel gas piping Rules for the installation of the ventilation fan have been refined and updated 4 9 4 The iCER drainage system Restructured to include the iCER diesel...

Страница 4: ...1 13 1 3 2 The Flex system 1 13 iCER diesel Tier III mode 1 14 1 3 3 Operation in a mixed fuel mode 1 14 Combustion stability mode 1 14 Fuel sharing mode 1 15 1 3 4 Changeover between operating modes...

Страница 5: ...ts 3 10 3 5 3 Engine installation and fixation 3 11 3 6 Assembly 3 14 3 6 1 Assembly of subassemblies 3 14 3 6 2 Installation of a complete engine 3 15 3 6 3 Installation of an engine from assembled s...

Страница 6: ...e and treatment of lubricating oil 4 32 4 4 7 Drain tank 4 33 4 5 Fuel gas system 4 38 4 5 1 Safety considerations 4 38 4 5 2 Operating principles 4 39 The lean burn concept 4 39 4 5 3 Gas specificati...

Страница 7: ...mulation 4 89 Solution 2 A manually bottom drained sludge oil trap 4 91 Solution 3 An automatically bottom drained sludge oil trap 4 93 4 9 2 Draining of exhaust uptakes 4 95 4 9 3 Air vents 4 95 4 9...

Страница 8: ...13 5 7 1 Data collection 5 13 5 7 2 Engine diagnostic module 5 14 5 7 3 The WiDE installation process 5 15 6 Engine Dynamics 6 1 6 1 External mass forces and moments 6 2 6 1 1 Balancing of mass force...

Страница 9: ...7 2 7 1 2 Regulation and calculation criteria for SOx emissions 7 3 7 1 3 Regulation and calculation criteria for CO2 emissions 7 4 7 1 4 PM emissions 7 5 7 1 5 iCER diesel Tier III mode 7 5 7 2 Engin...

Страница 10: ...w engine foundation layouts 3 11 3 4 Recommended quantities of fire extinguishing medium 3 22 4 1 Common and independent systems in twin engine installations 4 2 4 2 Recommended specifications for raw...

Страница 11: ...luence of options on engineering 4 116 5 1 Suppliers of remote control systems 5 4 5 2 Recommended manoeuvring steps and warm up times for FPP 5 9 5 3 Recommended manoeuvring steps and warm up times f...

Страница 12: ...15 1 11 Fuel sharing mode energy amount of different ratios of fuel 1 16 1 12 Fuel transfers and gas trips 1 17 2 1 Rating field for the X62DF S2 0 2 1 2 2 Propeller curves and operational points 2 4...

Страница 13: ...water circuit 4 9 4 8 LT cooling water circuit Single set point temperature 4 11 4 9 LT cooling water circuit Dual set point temperatures 4 11 4 10 Separate SAC and LT cooling circuits 4 12 4 11 HT co...

Страница 14: ...essel 4 45 4 30 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets 4 47 4 31 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets and the main engine 4 48 4 32 Non pressu...

Страница 15: ...iCER drainage system for installations with gas and diesel Tier III mode operation 4 98 4 59 The iCER drainage system with two separate water treatment units for installations with gas and diesel Tier...

Страница 16: ...s and moments 6 2 6 2 Major components and details of the iELBA 6 3 6 3 Locating an electrically driven compensator 6 4 6 4 Forces through the engine 6 6 6 5 Lateral vibration X type and H type 6 7 6...

Страница 17: ...omparison between X DF2 0 X DF and diesel engines 7 1 7 2 Speed dependent maximum allowable average of NOx emissions 7 2 7 3 Sulphur limits introduced by IMO according to MARPOL Annex VI 7 3 7 4 Sound...

Страница 18: ...abling them to optimise plant components and machinery space and to carry out instal lation design work The MIM is not to be considered as a specification The build specification is subject to the law...

Страница 19: ...mation which is considered important or they draw the reader s attention to special facts Example Weblinks Weblinks are written in blue italics They are preceded by the following symbols and refer to...

Страница 20: ...Alignment 9710 Engine Seating Foundation 9710 01 Tool Engine Alignment 9715 Engine Stays 9721 Cooling Water Systems 9722 Lubricating Oil Systems 9723 Fuel Oil System 9724 Leakage Collection Washing S...

Страница 21: ...power requirement for ancillary systems and output data suitable for estimating the size of ancillary equipment Furthermore the GTD can generate data such as the available components and options for s...

Страница 22: ...er also highlights the suitability of the engine 1 1 Engine capability and features This engine type is designed to run on fuel gas or on liquid fuel The fuel gas is evaporated Liquefied Natural Gas L...

Страница 23: ...ith the ISO 8217 2017 specification The HFO can have a maximum viscosity of 700cSt The MDO comprises either DMB or DFB while the MGO comprises either DMA DFA DMZ or DFZ according to the category defin...

Страница 24: ...e Integrated Cylinder lubricant Auto Transfer iCAT unit is available as an option for auto mated adaptability to a change in Base Number BN of the cylinder lubricating oil This applies to engines that...

Страница 25: ...ble iCER technology improves the engine performance while reducing the Greenhouse Gas GHG emissions Optionally an additional economiser see Figure 4 6 4 8 can be installed to uti lise the thermal ener...

Страница 26: ...iled engine data see Table 1 4 1 6 Figure 1 1 Power speed range of the WinGD X DF engines SM 0800 60 50 2000 3000 4000 6000 8000 10 000 20 000 30 000 40 000 50 000 60 000 70 000 80 000 70 80 90 100 12...

Страница 27: ...rgy Consumption BSEC kJ kWh 100 power gas mode All cyl 6 982 6 747 7 089 6 845 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption BSFC g kWh 100 power diesel mode All cyl 178 0 172 0 180 0 176 0 Mean Effective Pressure...

Страница 28: ...sions and masses 3 1 Table 1 5 Principal engine dimension values No of cylinders Length A mm Piston dismantling height F1a crank centre crane hook mm a For F2 and F3 piston removal with double jib cra...

Страница 29: ...Tier III mode Changeover between the operating modes Transfer automatically active for changeover to or between modes with gas operation Gas trip immediate action always available while a mode with g...

Страница 30: ...00 MGO MDO HFO iCER diesel Tier III mode operation 100 MGO ultra low sulphur content maximum 0 10 m m sulphur NOTE It is strongly recommended that transfer and operation in gas mode be initiated above...

Страница 31: ...imately the same across the entire en gine power range This is equivalent to a range that lies between less than 1 and 2 of the total energy consumption within the full gas operating range between 10...

Страница 32: ...total mechanical power output of the engine which is required for the engine operation see Figure 5 1 5 1 The same calculation method must be applied to a PTO installation on the free end side Table 1...

Страница 33: ...r FRV Flow Regulating Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve PHE Plate Heat Exchanger SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher Scavenge air receiver Circ Tank SOV FRV Exhaust gas recei...

Страница 34: ...see section 1 3 4 1 17 For engine operation on distillate fuels see the following Concept Guidance DG 9723 as provided on the WinGD webpage Operation on distillate fuels The Flex system The engine is...

Страница 35: ...sel fuel ratio is dependent on the selected mixed fuel mode Combustion stability mode The Combustion Stability Mode CSM technology is specific to the engines of the X DF2 0 portfolio and can be select...

Страница 36: ...n be used for reaching the balance between an LNG carrier s boil off and the desired ship speed This can be done by adjusting the ratio of the liquid to gas fuel Figure 1 10 Fuel sharing mode availabl...

Страница 37: ...The automatic control is also possible through the PCS De pending on the liquid fuel s sulphur content the base number of the cylinder lu bricating oil might need to be changed as described in the se...

Страница 38: ...fuel it is called a transfer If the changeover between operation mode stops the use of gas fuel therefore de faulting to diesel mode then the changeover is called a gas trip or just a trip Often a gas...

Страница 39: ...el Safety Concept Transfer introducing gas The transfer from diesel mode to either gas mode or fuel sharing mode introduces gas fuel Both the GVU and the iGPR must complete a system safety test before...

Страница 40: ...f design conditions The sections below outline the specifics to aid in this process 2 2 Engine rating field The rating field shown in Figure 2 1 is the area of selectable engine design power and engin...

Страница 41: ...be selected within the entire rating field to meet the re quirements of each specific project Such rating points require specific engine ad aptations 2 3 Influence of propeller diameter and revolution...

Страница 42: ...uirement for a constant speed The slope of this line depends on the ship s characteristics see coefficient in Formula 2 1 2 2 Any other point on this line represents a new power speed combination for...

Страница 43: ...on and schedules of the ship The location of reference point A and the magnitude of the sea margin are part of the new building contract and are determined between the shipbuilder and the owner Typica...

Страница 44: ...On the other hand the same ship at the same speed under service conditions with aged hull and under average weather conditions requires a power speed combination according to point B In that case poi...

Страница 45: ...p to diesel mode at 102 power Line 3 Speed Limit Maximum speed limit for continuous engine running is set to 104 of CMCR speed However in diesel mode this limit can be extended to 106 Line 3a if Rx sp...

Страница 46: ...oint is de fined by the propeller law Formula 2 3 Line 8 Light Running Propeller Curve Propeller curve with a light running margin typically between 4 and 7 The curve is defined by the propeller law w...

Страница 47: ...nstants The area formed by Lines 1 3 5 and 9 is the range within which the engine should be operated The area limited by Line 7 Line 9 and Line 3 is recommended for continuous op eration The area betw...

Страница 48: ...duration of one hour during sea trials and in the presence of an authorised engine builder representative The area between Lines 1 5 and 6 Figure 2 3 2 6 called service range with operational time lim...

Страница 49: ...heavy sea conditions Mechanical power absorption of the PTO must be considered PTO incorporation of Method 1 CMCR Method 1 This first method considers the PTO as an addition to the previously defined...

Страница 50: ...f the PTO operation is using a significant percentage of engine power Line 10 PTO Layout Limit The PTO layout limit Line 10 in Figure 2 5 defines the power limit for the re sulting combination of the...

Страница 51: ...ich ensures that the engine operating point will not exceed Line 10 Further information The following disadvantages must be observed for Method 2 With the reduction of the light running margin as a co...

Страница 52: ...engine will not enter this prohibited area However if the propeller is disconnected from the engine the engine would be capable of entering the prohibited operation area which is strictly forbidden Fi...

Страница 53: ...n and shown in Figure 2 7 2 13 at 70 of R1 R2 speed the minimum engine power equals approximately 5 8 of the CMCR power point E The minimum power requirement at 100 CMCR speed point F must be calculat...

Страница 54: ...ating of the engine is lowered Figure 2 8 Calculating the prohibited operation area for the CMCR speed Figure 2 8 shows an engine with a CMCR speed which is rated at 85 of the R1 R2 speed and therefor...

Страница 55: ...ited area of operation for the CPP at small to zero pitch and discon nected propeller Point E is always defined at 70 of the R1 R2 speed and has a minimum power of 5 8 however in Figure 2 9 this equat...

Страница 56: ...ed At this speed a minimum engine power point F of 7 4 is required Below this is the prohibited area of operation for a disconnected propeller Figure 2 10 The prohibited operation area CMCR speed R3 R...

Страница 57: ...r curve is freely selected in field A At sea the engine is operated at constant speed on Line 12 between point F and CMCR For manual and emergency operation separate set points for speed and pitch are...

Страница 58: ...latforms A B C D E F1b b Min height for vertical removal of piston with standard crane F2c c Min height for vertical removal of piston with double jib crane F3d d Min height for tilted removal of pist...

Страница 59: ...ed information is required For details see also drawings Dismantling Dimensions DG 0812 provided on the WinGD webpage under the following links 5 cyl engine 6 cyl engine 7 cyl engine 8 cyl engine 3 1...

Страница 60: ...hermal expansion dim X Y Z Calculating thermal expansion x y z X Y Z T where x y z thermal expansion X Y Z distance as per relevant pipe connection plan and outline drawing 1 15 10 5 coefficient of th...

Страница 61: ...4 Content of fluids in the engine For the quantity of a specific fluid in the engine please refer to the relevant MIDS drawings as listed below Fuel oil Fuel oil system Lubricating oil Lubricating oil...

Страница 62: ...Outside ambient air temperature 4 111 For project specific support please contact WinGD Reference conditions Engine performance data like BSEC BSEF tEaT and others are based on reference conditions T...

Страница 63: ...ameters must be considered in the plant design to ensure a proper function of the engine and its ancillary sys tems Gas mode output can depend on ambient conditions and gas quality The cyl inder water...

Страница 64: ...power requirement de pends on size type and voltage frequency of installed electric motor Direct starting or Star Delta starting to be specified when ordering 5 2 x 43 440V 60Hz 6 2 x 50 7 2 x 60 8 2...

Страница 65: ...e Installation 3 3 Engine outline views X62DF S2 0 3 3 Engine outline views The latest versions of the Engine Outline Drawings DG 0812 are provided on the WinGD webpage under the following links 5 cyl...

Страница 66: ...3 3 Minimum requirements for headroom Important The minimum sizes are to be taken into account when installing the engine Special attention is to be given to the minimum distance between the ship s pl...

Страница 67: ...st force In addition the dynamic behaviour of engine forces requires a stiff engine seating foundation see the standard bolting in Figure 3 6 3 12 3 5 2 Engine foundation layouts Depending on the owne...

Страница 68: ...ith a larger diameter than the thrust sleeve The thrust sleeve in the hole of the foundation top plate is then fixed with epoxy resin see Figure 3 6 3 12 The foundation bolts are inserted in the thrus...

Страница 69: ...de stoppers and their positions are defined in the engine seating and foundation drawing The minimum required contact surface of each wedge to the engine bedplate are also provided in the drawing The...

Страница 70: ...con nected to the bottom or to the cofferdam the classification society requires the use of water tight bolting for the engine fixation In these cases the use of water tight bolting protects the engin...

Страница 71: ...her than the calculated figures Place the bearing caps in position and install the turning gear Ensure that the crankshaft deflections are as recorded in the Engine As sembly Records Check the bedplat...

Страница 72: ...th great care to avoid stresses and distortions to the bedplate Regular crankshaft deflection readings have to be taken to observe the ef fects and any noticed deviation has to be rectified immediatel...

Страница 73: ...h the design figures In the event of discrepan cies the responsible parties e g shipyard are to advise the representative of the engine builder or WinGD directly 3 7 1 Instructions and limits Alignmen...

Страница 74: ...osition in the coupling with the same mark stamped adjacent to the hole The following tolerances have to be met bolt hole tolerance H7 bolt tolerance g6 clearance fit If there is any doubt that a fitt...

Страница 75: ...iour see chapter 6 Engine Dynamics 6 1 are reduced by fitting lateral stays refer to section 6 2 External lateral forces and moments 6 6 and longitudinal stays see sec tion 6 3 Longitudinal vibration...

Страница 76: ...evices are protected by automatic fuses Isolation of instrument wiring Ensure that instrument wiring meets the building and classification society spec ifications and that it is shielded and isolated...

Страница 77: ...gure 3 11 3 21 with the op tional voltmeter This instrument is at the discretion of the owner but it is useful to observe that the potential to earth does not rise above 100mV Typical arrangement for...

Страница 78: ...t earthing with condition monitoring facility Shaft monitoring Propeller shaft 35 mm2 2 5 mm2 Insulated spindle Hull structure earths to be separately connected Slip ring condition voltmeter SM 0056 P...

Страница 79: ...assification society involved Steam as an alternative fire extinguishing medium is permissible for the scavenge air spaces of the piston underside but may cause corrosion if countermeasures are not ta...

Страница 80: ...ting field to be obtained However for convenience or final confirmation when opti mising the plant WinGD provides a computerised calculation service All pipework systems must be flushed and proved cle...

Страница 81: ...upply per engine to the scavenge air coolers from common LT cooling water circuit X Please note Parallel independent LT cooling water supply per engine to the LO cooler and HT cooling water cooler fro...

Страница 82: ...engine installation SM 0191 1 Scavenge air cooler SAC 2 HT cooling water cooler engine 1 3 Lubricating oil cooler engine 1 4 HT cooling water cooler engine 2 5 Lubricating oil cooler engine 2 6 Ancill...

Страница 83: ...NOx emissions Figure 4 2 Overview of the components for the iCER system with one turbocharger Exhaust Gas Cooler EGC pre and main stage Circulation tank Additional economiser optional Colour code Grey...

Страница 84: ...Circulation tank Exhaust Gas Cooler EGC Back Pressure Valve BPV Shut Off Valve SOV Flow Regulating Valve FRV with shut off function Bellows to separate the engine from the piping system Bellow to com...

Страница 85: ...g Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve PHE Plate Heat Exchanger SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher Scavenge air receiver Circ Tank SOV FRV Exhaust gas receiver EGC Return Water...

Страница 86: ...of the heat as the exhaust gas passes through it This process also cleans the exhaust gas After this the ex haust gas passes through the second cooling stage of the EGC which is com prised of heat exc...

Страница 87: ...re 4 6 Arrangement of the additional economiser Source Alfa Laval To keep this additional economiser compact a direct connection to the main economiser is required For this reason there is no need to...

Страница 88: ...ovides for more effi cient cooling as it allows a higher heat load than seawater i e freshwater can be heated up to a higher temperature level and along with a lower flow rate allows the same cooling...

Страница 89: ...he LT circuit as low as possible Warm seawater conditions may result in higher BSFC and respectively BSEC than in ISO standard design condition Arrangements of LT cooling water circuit Consequently de...

Страница 90: ...be set to 25 C WinGD specification The ancillary plant temperature control valve can be set differently as the specific project requires for example between 25 and 36 C Figure 4 9 LT cooling water ci...

Страница 91: ...ustomised by the shipyard or ship designer Figure 4 10 is a proposal only and the seawater pump and other equipment layout might be different As such the shipyard is free to design their own sea water...

Страница 92: ...e passage of large particles and debris that could damage the pumps and impair the heat transfer across the coolers Central seawater cooler Pump type Centrifugal Capacity According to GTD The seawater...

Страница 93: ...out Removal of air from the cooling water is es sential to maintain an optimal cooling effect of the engine cylinder liner Due to the gas safety requirement for the X DF engines the ventilation pipe...

Страница 94: ...re than 10 Pump capacity According to GTD The flow capacity is to be within a tolerance of 10 to 20 of the GTD value Delivery headb b The pump delivery head pp will be bar where pei pressure at engine...

Страница 95: ...gered and water feeding is started Control air pressure regulating valve DN15 with pressure reduction and air release function This valve reduces the control air pressure to the de sired buffer unit p...

Страница 96: ...g to classification societies require ments Automatic temperature control valve Pump type Centrifugal or positive displacement Capacity 0 5m3 h Delivery head 4bar can be adjusted depending on project...

Страница 97: ...trol is to be provided by a dedicated temperature sensor at the CCW outlet of the engine The flow through the heater is set by throttling discs but not by valves Use of separate pre heating pump If th...

Страница 98: ...amount of heat available which in turn is dependent on the service power rating of the engine The latest version of the Concept Guidance for freshwater generator installation DG 9721 is provided on t...

Страница 99: ...deposits For details refer to the chemical supply companies Monitoring the level of the corrosion inhibitor and water softness is essential to prevent down times due to component failures resulting f...

Страница 100: ...shwater generator is started up or shut down The cylinder cooling water system is to be totally separated from steam sys tems Under no circumstances must there be any possibility of steam en tering th...

Страница 101: ...by the EGC is captured and circulated through the water system The EGC circulation water tank stores this water which is con tinually produced from condensation The water is circulated through the sys...

Страница 102: ...n the WinGD webpage under the following link Lubricants 4 4 2 Main lubricating oil system Field of application Lubrication of the main bearings thrust bearings and bottom end bearings is car ried out...

Страница 103: ...olerance of 10 to 10 of the GTD value plus back flushing flow of automatic self cleaning filter if such filter is installed oil flow to torsional vibration damper if such damper is installed Delivery...

Страница 104: ...n itself automatically using reverse flow or compressed air techniques Back flushing oil treatment by sludge checker Oil flow Refer to GTD Working viscosity 95cSt at working temperature Working pressu...

Страница 105: ...9722 which is provided on the WinGD webpage under the fol lowing link Instruction for flushing Lubricating oil system 4 4 4 Lubrication for turbochargers For lubricating oil for turbochargers equippe...

Страница 106: ...3 1 14 Since the introduction of the global limitation of sulphur content in fuels the global cap of 0 50 m m sulphur the maximum required BN is limited This permits the use of certain BN 40 to 60 cyl...

Страница 107: ...6 Dual cylinder lubricating oil installation with iCAT as an optional applica tion enabling independent gas and liquid fuel maximum 0 50 m m sul phur operation with automatic iCAT changeover SM 0188 H...

Страница 108: ...e preferred cylinder lubricating oil according to the fuel in use Figure 4 17 Dual cylinder lubricating oil installation without iCAT enabling inde pendent gas and liquid fuel maximum 0 50 m m sulphur...

Страница 109: ...aximum 0 50 m m sulphur Service tank and storage tank The arrangement of service tank and storage tank can be changed by locating the storage tank in place of the service tank If this arrangement is p...

Страница 110: ...ecification Considering the system side cylinder LO pipe length Lp the heating cable must be longer than the lubricating oil pipe i e Lc Lp Insulation of trace heated cylinder LO pipe To maintain the...

Страница 111: ...e set up as purifiers and completely isolated from the fuel oil treatment systems there must be no possibility of cross contam ination Oil separator Oil samples To ensure that representative samples o...

Страница 112: ...20 The total tank size is normally 5 10 greater than the amount of lubricating oil required for an initial filling Figure 4 20 Dimensioning and filling process of lubricating oil drain tank NOTE The...

Страница 113: ...ent the actual config uration or the stage of development nor the type of the engine con cerned For all relevant and prevailing information see MIDS drawings 4 23 SM 0038 1 2 3 4 5 6 2 1 1 Driving end...

Страница 114: ...on 4 1 1 7 9 C 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 1 2 1 7 1 1 6 1 6 2 Heel to each side 22 5 c 22 5 22 5 c 22 5 c Rolling to each side 22 5 c 22 5 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 10 10 10 Pitching 10 10 10 10 Electrical installatio...

Страница 115: ...ng to each side 22 5 c 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 a 10 10 Pitching 10 10 10 Electrical installation Abbreviation 4 1 3 2 2 2 2 1 4 1 1 1 7 1 7 1 5 1 103 1 Heel to each side 22 5 b c 22 5 b c 22 5 b c Rolli...

Страница 116: ...c 22 5 c Rolling to each side 22 5 c 22 5 b c 22 5 c 22 5 c 22 5 c Trim 10 10 b 10 10 10 Pitching 10 10 b 10 10 10 Electrical installation Abbreviation 6 2 1 1 10 H 1 1 1 7 VIII 2 2 1 2 2 C 2 2 1 6 XI...

Страница 117: ...for the fuel gas system DG 9727 is provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link MIDS The document Flushing Instruction for Gas Fuel Piping System is accessible under the following link Flus...

Страница 118: ...r see Figure 4 22 4 40 Fuel gas admission is hydraulically actuated and electronically controlled With the lean fuel gas mixture it is possible to achieve good engine characteris tics regarding output...

Страница 119: ...3 4 40 4 Ancillary Systems 4 5 Fuel gas system X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 22 Lean burn with pilot ignition Figure 4 23 Lean burn operation window SM 0112 Scavenging Compression gas admission Ignition Expansi...

Страница 120: ...w point of water 20 C Oil aerosol liquid and vapour 1mg Nm3 Gas cleanliness Gas is considered as sufficiently clean b b Contamination from the fuel gas supply system must be avoided e g by correct pip...

Страница 121: ...calculation An application provided by the European Association of Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers EUROMOT allows calculating the methane number of natural gas mixtures The application is fre...

Страница 122: ...th an inde pendent fuel gas shut off valve At least one of these shut off valves should close in suitable time to prevent unnecessary venting of fuel gas or at least to restrict the amount of vented f...

Страница 123: ...free standing Type A tank Free standing Type B tank Same as the Type A tank the Type B tank is also designed to be non pressurised and will respond to pressure increase by expansion Consequently it i...

Страница 124: ...he two single cylinders which otherwise would be not be utilised No secondary barrier is required for Type C tanks but instead gas leakage detectors are placed in the hold space Figure 4 28 Section vi...

Страница 125: ...o distin guish from FBOG The relative amount of liquid in relation to the total tank volume which evaporates from the LNG tank per day determines the Boil Off Rate BOR The BOR is provided as a percent...

Страница 126: ...be required depending on the design tank pressure and the gas feed pressure demand of the gensets Figure 4 30 Pressurised Type C tank solution with NBOG handling by the gensets Type C tank Solution 2...

Страница 127: ...tank solution drawn for an LNGC SM 0684 BOG LNG GVU GVU GVU iGPR GVU Emergency pressure release From the bunkering station Pre heater NBOG compressor Low pressure vaporiser Up to 16 bar g Cryogenic s...

Страница 128: ...ing process of the compressed NBOG Cooling by the Reversed Brayton effect The alternative method for cooling is a refrigeration process where a heat ex changer is able to remove enough heat from the N...

Страница 129: ...of this approach are that it is a much simpler system setup re quiring usually a smaller plant size As a result it also requires less maintenance while being more energy efficient However a sub cooler...

Страница 130: ...of pressure fluctuation and a safety margin for pressure losses Design fuel gas supply pressure selection The graph in Figure 4 34 4 52 indicates the required minimum design fuel gas supply pressure...

Страница 131: ...than 90 CMCR power if the LHV is just as low as 32MJ Nm3 A pressure drop of 0 5bar across the FGSS is considered The real pressure drop needs to be calculated by the shipyard or the FGSS supplier see...

Страница 132: ...LHV the engine can still operate with high output if the fuel gas is supplied with an LHV of 28MJ Nm3 e g more than 90 CMCR power if designed for an LHV of 32MJ Nm3 A pressure drop of 0 5bar across t...

Страница 133: ...m interfaces The data transmitted to the FGSS includes an additional pressure offset to ac commodate for pressure losses and dynamic load changes in the system The pressure offset is a project specifi...

Страница 134: ...s for ac quiring the FGSS delivery pressure Figure 4 37 provides an overview of the gas pressure from the FGSS input by way of the iGPR or the GVU inlet to the final pressure level at the engine s gas...

Страница 135: ...with inert gas and venting Fuel gas temperature monitoring The iGPR is mounted on the engine and has the same installation principles as applied to the fuel gas supply system which is located in the e...

Страница 136: ...purging Purging and venting valves The iGPR is installed with multiple valves that isolate inert gas and vent lines from the main fuel gas piping In the event that a gas trip is initiated by the safet...

Страница 137: ...on proof GVU room GVU within a housing The GVU within a housing e g GVU ED enclosed design from W rtsil see Figure 4 40 4 59 is a solution where all the equipment is mounted inside a gas tight casing...

Страница 138: ...the load command This is done by means of a pressure regulating valve that is controlled by the PCS A smaller gas volume between the pressure control valve and the engine improves the response time o...

Страница 139: ...ystem can be considered However this kind of arrangement must be accepted by the classification society on a case by case basis Interconnection of vent lines To prevent gas venting to another engine d...

Страница 140: ...ature is below the dew point of the annular space ventilation air then dry air needs to be supplied for the engine s annular space ventilation to prevent condensation This can be achieved by supplying...

Страница 141: ...tion Vi 3Va Nm3 where Vi minimum required inert gas volume Nm3 Va total volume of the space to be purged including the main en gine s internal gas piping the external gas supply piping and the rel eva...

Страница 142: ...ifferential before and after the valve The valve supplier must provide a suitable valve for the calculated Vi and the selected pi as well as the re sulting purging duration time Shipyards can consult...

Страница 143: ...s of the fuel gas pipe as shown in Figure 4 41 and Figure 4 42 Figure 4 41 Gas leak test sequence engines with iGPR Figure 4 42 Gas leak test sequence engines with GVU NOTE If the inert gas pressure i...

Страница 144: ...the combustion chamber to ignite the gas charge The pilot fuel system is designed for operation on MDO DMB DFB grades and MGO DMA DFA DMZ DFZ grades The diesel oil is delivered by a fuel oil feed pump...

Страница 145: ...ion acts as a pressure accumulator against pressure pulses Pilot injection valves and pre chambers The X DF engine uses pilot injectors with built in solenoid valves The injectors are electronically c...

Страница 146: ...ties cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and booster pump capacities must be in creased by the quantity needed for back flushing of th...

Страница 147: ...om the project specific GTD data sheet 4 7 1 Fuel oil system components The following components are associated with a fuel oil system of maximum fuel flexibility i e operation on heavy fuel oils and...

Страница 148: ...unit to prevent water in the system from vaporising into steam The pump whilst considering system pressure drop must provide a minimum of 1bar above the water vapour pressure and al ways be above a 3b...

Страница 149: ...ad operation only a small mixing unit is required It is recommended that the tank contains no more than approx 100 litres This is to avoid the changeover from HFO to MDO MGO or vice versa taking too l...

Страница 150: ...s provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link Concept Guidance Distillate Fuels Figure 4 46 Mixing unit Type Cylindrical steel fabricated pressure vessel as shown in Figure 4 46 Capacity Re...

Страница 151: ...motor The electric motor driving the HP booster pump must be sized large enough for the power absorbed by the pump at maximum pressure head difference between inlet and outlet pressure maximum fuel o...

Страница 152: ...xchanger that is included as shown in Concept Guidance Distillate Fuels uses low temperature cooling water A chiller unit cooling from refrigeration is not required if the fuel properties are in line...

Страница 153: ...be referred to as the absolute sphere passing mesh size Approximately all particles larger than the specified size will be trapped on or within the filter Nominal Filtration Grade This value is typica...

Страница 154: ...r fineness SM 0206 Main Engine 1 HFO LSHFO settling storage and separation system 2 MDO MGO settling storage and separation system 3 Automatic fuel changeover unit 4 Feed pump Low pressure 5 Automatic...

Страница 155: ...Disadvantage Engine is not optimally protected against booster pump wear particles Working viscosity 100cSt for HFO of 700cSt at 50 C Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the...

Страница 156: ...osity 10 20cSt required for HFO 13 17cSt recommended Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and...

Страница 157: ...ired for HFO 13 17cSt recommended Flow rate According to GTD The capacities cover the needs of the engine only If a filter of automatic back flushing type is in stalled the feed and booster pump capac...

Страница 158: ...of the fuel oil treatment system and gives no indi cation when the automatic self cleaning filter fails NOTE The self cleaning performance must be suitable for the required filter fineness NOTE WinGD...

Страница 159: ...p can be replaced with a single delivery pump If this option is selected the pump must be located in the recircula tion piping and must not be too high relative to the fuel oil tanks see H in Figure 4...

Страница 160: ...on may be needed for off spec fuels that are not supported by WinGD Fuel oil filter An automatic self cleaning filter with a maximum of 10 m mesh size must be in stalled close to engine inlet as indic...

Страница 161: ...lating line with an inlet just above the bottom of the service tank leads back to the settling tanks Diesel oil service tanks are similar to heavy oil service tanks with the possible exception of tank...

Страница 162: ...he performance of separators according to a common standard the term Certified Flow Rate CFR has been introduced CFR is defined as the flow rate in litres hour 30 minutes after sludge discharge at whi...

Страница 163: ...needed in rare cases only for instance due to maintenance or before stopping the engine i e at relatively low loads Automatic changeover unit Consequently a well proven automatic changeover unit is no...

Страница 164: ...50 000 20 000 10 000 5 000 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 000 800 600 400 300 200 150 100 80 70 60 50 45 40 36 Seconds Saybolt Universal Seconds Redwood No 1 Kinematic viscosity mm 2 s cSt 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60...

Страница 165: ...The starting and control air system shown in Figure 4 52 comprises two air com pressors two air receivers and systems of pipework and valves connected to the engine starting air manifold Figure 4 52 A...

Страница 166: ...e must not exceed 90 C and the air supply to the compressors is to be as clean as possible without oil vapour Starting air receivers 1 Propeller inertia includes the part of entrained water 2 The GTD...

Страница 167: ...ir purity class 5 4 3 ac cording to ISO 8573 1 2010 04 15 Control air consumption The required control air flow capacities are shown in Table 4 14 These data can be used for sizing the relevant engine...

Страница 168: ...ed and produced ac cordingly Installation requirements It is recommended to install the sludge oil trap as close as possible to the main engine The drain pipe must have a minimum slope of 15 as the sl...

Страница 169: ...m the bottom of the piston underside area These solids settle at the bottom of the sludge oil trap At the same time the liquid part is drained by an overflow pipe which is equipped with an orifice to...

Страница 170: ...he oil drain is working properly If instead there is an oil flow this would indicate that the orifice of the overflow pipe is blocked and requires manual cleaning For manual sludge removal partially u...

Страница 171: ...quickly and as soon as the sludge oil trap becomes empty Otherwise the sludge oil tank will become pressurised by the scavenge air Transfer to the sludge oil tank by pump If the manual bottom drain i...

Страница 172: ...ting device at the bottom of the sludge oil trap must be installed to ensure that the sludge emulsion can be properly drained through the automatic bottom drain which is designed as an automatic valve...

Страница 173: ...sal of an automatically bottom drained sludge oil trap SM 0772 Sludge oil drain from piston underside Drain to sludge oil tank or to sludge oil pump Sight glass Orifice 5 10 mm Automatic bottom drain...

Страница 174: ...s have to be fully functional at all incli nation angles of the ship at which the engine must be operational This is nor mally achieved if the vent pipes have an uninterrupted inclination of min 5 Suc...

Страница 175: ...ater content is below 15 ppm then a switching valve directs bleed off water over board Otherwise the bleed off water is stored in the EGC drain tank When the vessel is operating in special areas or un...

Страница 176: ...the design can also be made for solutions with lower concentrations typically for 25 or 30 m m NaOH If the oil in water content of the bleed off water and the SAC drain water during iCER operation ex...

Страница 177: ...ion Alternatively an iCER drainage system with two separate water treatment units can be considered One unit handles the bleed off water and the SAC drain water during iCER operation the other handles...

Страница 178: ...unteracts the acid build up from washing of the exhaust gas The water acidity and quality are measured by sensors which are installed in the EGC circulation water bypass stream These sensors are conne...

Страница 179: ...ty as a measure of salt concentration within the cooling water If the salt level becomes too high the EGC control unit will force a bleed off of the cooling water The bleed off function can also be ma...

Страница 180: ...el and or to avoid material damage When a rupture disc with flameless pressure relief is selected and installed pre ventative measures must be taken to ensure that exhaust gas does not continu ously f...

Страница 181: ...n Economiser EGC Exhaust Gas Cooler with demister at outlet FRV Flow Regulating Valve SOV Shut Off Valve BPV Back Pressure Valve SAC Scavenge Air Cooler WMC Water Mist Catcher FRV BPV SOV Exhaust gas...

Страница 182: ...lla tions with two turbochargers the exhaust gas return pipe must be routed below the level of the turbochargers This prevents water droplets in the exhaust gas flow or water condensate on the pipe wa...

Страница 183: ...X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 63 Example of an exhaust gas piping arrangement with one turbocharger Figure 4 64 Example of an exhaust gas piping arrangement with two turbochargers For additional details on the...

Страница 184: ...ed and typically provided as part of the overall engine room ventilation system Approximately 50 of the overall en gine room ventilation air is for the main engine s combustion while the other half is...

Страница 185: ...rfor mance especially during tropical conditions Alternatively a ventilation system with a direct air suction layout can be ar ranged where the ventilation system connects the outside ambient air dire...

Страница 186: ...1 Engine room ventilation system By ensuring that the air flow from the ventilation outlet to the turbocharger inlet is as direct as possible the air intake is at its coolest The ventilation arrangeme...

Страница 187: ...is no need for ventilation fans in this arrangement However it is still essential that the ventilation inlet is protected typically with a weather hood and louvres A separate filter unit if required c...

Страница 188: ...risk of increased wear to the piston rings and cylinder liners Table 4 16 Guidance for air filtration All filters surfaces must be sized correctly to ensure full functionality of the fil tration This...

Страница 189: ...0 25 20 18 16 14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 5 7 8 9 10 14 16 18 20 25 6 12 Filter surface m2 4 3 3 4 2 5 2 2 5 I n e r t i a l s e p a r a t o r R o l l e r s c r e e n f i l t e r Panel filter or oil w etted fi...

Страница 190: ...over a wide range of ambient air temperatures hot and cold limits should be considered When operating within the normal temperature range of 5 to 45 C see 3 2 2 Operating conditions 3 5 the engine do...

Страница 191: ...the document Fluid Velocities and Flow Rates DG9730 The pump delivery head proposals provided by the GTD are based on system layouts which follow these recommended values However the values which are...

Страница 192: ...g end side a shaft power meter see subsection Shaft power meter requirements 1 11 and an earthing device see section 3 10 2 Earthing device 3 19 must be placed between the PTO PTI PTH and the main eng...

Страница 193: ...AC 6 AC AC 5 AC AC AC AC 2 AC AC AC AC 10 AC AC 11 3 1 2 AC AC 13 AC AC 14 AC AC 12 4 1 2 CPP Clutch Gear box Tunnel gear box 1 2 2 speed tunnel gear box FPP AC AC Generator Machine Torsional coupling...

Страница 194: ...the influence of the permanent magnetic pull force 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X means that the arrangement is possible for the WinGD X62DF S2 0 engine NOTE...

Страница 195: ...haft bearing layout has to be properly selected and adjusted to comply with the given alignment rules For further details refer to section 3 7 Engine and shaft alignment 3 16 Bearing load due to exter...

Страница 196: ...one or several cases which are illustrated below Operation area and prohibited area The following illustrations indicate how the engine generator unit can be oper ated The prohibited operation area is...

Страница 197: ...r Figure 4 71 CPP in constant speed operation without frequency converter SM 0202 100 0 0 100 speed power power curve Valid for CPP with a frequency converter Applicable to options 2 6 8 10 12 14 oper...

Страница 198: ...applications X62DF S2 0 Figure 4 72 CPP with two fixed operation speeds without frequency converter SM 0204 prohibited operation area operation area Valid for CPP without a frequency converter in com...

Страница 199: ...ol systems DENIS The Diesel Engine CoNtrol and optImising Specification DENIS interface contains specifications for the engine management of all WinGD two stroke marine diesel engines ECS WinGD provid...

Страница 200: ...tems to the common rail system engines The data bus connection pro vides clear signal exchange 5 2 2 Approved propulsion control systems Propulsion control systems including remote control safety and...

Страница 201: ...components for control alarm and indication the specification contains the following List of alarm and display functions to be realised in the vessel s AMS Control diagram of the engine Signal list i...

Страница 202: ...he bridge see Figure 5 3 5 5 The different items normally communicate via se rial bus connections The engine signals described in the DENIS specification are usually connected via terminal boxes on th...

Страница 203: ...ost cases built to be placed either inside the ECR console or in a separate cabinet to be located in the ECR The operator panels are to be inserted in the ECR console s surface SM 0282 Ship Alarm Syst...

Страница 204: ...these indications the RCS applied to the common rail system engine includes displaying the primary values from the ECS like fuel pressure servo oil pressure etc Safety system Main functions Emergency...

Страница 205: ...2 03 5 7 5 Engine Automation 5 4 Propulsion control systems X62DF S2 0 Options Bridge wing control Command recorder Figure 5 4 Propulsion control A A E H D A S T E R N STOP SLOW HALF FULL FULL HALF SL...

Страница 206: ...magnitude of any change in power it takes time to reach the re quired engine output see the graphs and tables in this section 5 4 2 Figure 5 5 Manoeuvring speed power settings for FPP CPP installation...

Страница 207: ...ended CMCR speed Corresponding power Recommended warm up time per load step min Min warm up time per load step min DEAD SLOW 25 35 1 5 4 5 0 0 SLOW 35 45 4 9 0 0 HALF 45 55 9 17 0 1 0 1 FULL 60 70 22...

Страница 208: ...s and warm up times for CPP Load reduction is possible in half the time of values mentioned in Table 5 3 Figure 5 7 Full sea load steps in CPP load up program Manoeuvring position Recommended CMCR pow...

Страница 209: ...ne builder for mounting on the engine and con necting to the sensors The integrated solution facilitates commissioning and testing of the alarm signals set on the engine maker s testbed and limits the...

Страница 210: ...ding to operational requirements When decreasing the values for slow down times the delay times for the respec tive shut down functions are to be adjusted accordingly 5 6 2 Requirements of WinGD and c...

Страница 211: ...DE to monitor engine perfor mance predict component malfunctions and to support the crew with live trou bleshooting and a diagnostic advisory service WiDE also enhances remote troubleshooting support...

Страница 212: ...also enables a progressive performance evaluation and improvement Prediction and troubleshooting The real time engine analysis performed by WiDE provides an early anomaly de tection warning If a poten...

Страница 213: ...t as the data it collects provides the information required for the engine s digital twin The process ensures that the WiDE system is fully op erational by the time of the vessel s maiden voyage Figur...

Страница 214: ...nsideration the causes and relevance After considering the external forces and moments types this section explores the resulting vibration along with recommended considerations and counter measures re...

Страница 215: ...ces and moments Forces With a regular firing order of evenly distributed crank angles an engine will in herently balance the summation of all vertical FV and horizontal FH free forces Sometimes the fi...

Страница 216: ...y recommends the use of either of the following countermeasures for 5 and 6 cylinder engines Engine fitted electric balancer s iELBA An electrically driven compensator fitted to the ship s structure T...

Страница 217: ...sponsibility of the shipyard Electrically driven compensator external compensator Alternatively or if the ship s vibration pattern is not known at an early stage an electrically driven compensator can...

Страница 218: ...PRU values of an engine are dependent on the number of cylinders The resulting PRU values are graphically displayed in the link below along with the likelihood of needing a compensator External force...

Страница 219: ...ngine speed Figure 6 4 Forces through the engine The forces between the piston and the connecting rod reaction cause a lateral force to act on the crosshead guide rails The lateral forces at the guide...

Страница 220: ...ape where both sides of the top of the engine the driving and free end vibrate together in phase The lat eral guide forces FL result in a lateral moment expressed as resulting lateral H type moment ML...

Страница 221: ...eral stays If required lateral stays i e stays in the lateral direction must be fitted between the upper engine platform and the ship hull to prevent harmful resonance condi tions The main function of...

Страница 222: ...e The air chamber provides little to no damping effect The two general arrangements for both stay types are shown below in Figure 6 7 and Figure 6 8 Figure 6 7 General arrangement of hydraulic type st...

Страница 223: ...shipyards are free to select a different number of lateral stays From the project specific external forces and moments the values to consider are the lateral H type moment MLH and the lateral X type...

Страница 224: ...pe stays may be required The final number of required lateral stays must be specified by the shipyard e g based on experience or on sea trial test results SM 0795 Installation of lateral stays on the...

Страница 225: ...ne s exhaust side 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Usually no stays are required for 7 cyl 8 7 6 Recommended 4 Optional Recommended 2 Optional 2 Recommended 2 Optional 2 Recommended...

Страница 226: ...ruc ture Alternatively two compensators one fitted at each end of the engine upper platform can be applied synchronised in phase For X type vibration two compensators one fitted at each end of the en...

Страница 227: ...ot because of inadmissible longitudinal vibrations at the engine top but because of possible disturbing longitudinal vibrations in the super structure close to nominal speed By fitting longitudinal st...

Страница 228: ...Instructions for WinGD friction type stays DG 9715 which is provided on the WinGD webpage under the following link Assembly instruction Friction type stays The layout of friction type stays are as sho...

Страница 229: ...d ship during sea trials All data required for torsional vibration calculations should be made available to the engine supplier in an early design stage see section 6 9 6 26 Barred speed range BSR At...

Страница 230: ...be supplied with oil from the engine s lubricating oil system Depending on the torsional vibration energy to be absorbed the damper can dissipate up to 180kW of energy this will be based on the numbe...

Страница 231: ...be problematic if it is below approximately 1 5Hz Here there is a risk of engine speed instability where the engine constantly adjusts its speed to compensate the rotating vibration this must be cons...

Страница 232: ...vibrating and resonating at several frequencies This would result in excessive stress in the crankshaft and in some cases can lead to excessive vibration of the upper part of the engine Reduction of...

Страница 233: ...relevant in propulsion shafting with di rectly coupled low speed 2 stroke engines Typically whirling vibrations are only relevant in 2 stroke installations having a very long shaft line longer than 60...

Страница 234: ...equire the fitting of second order mass moment compensators lateral longitudinal stays electrical H type or X type compensators and or torsional vibration dampers Avoiding problematic hull vibrations...

Страница 235: ...termeasure is not relevant No of cyl Lateral stays Longitudinal stays 5 A C Aa a A for installations having the main torsional critical above nominal speed installations with in creased shaft diameter...

Страница 236: ...nance in the surrounding vessel structure Alteration of phase angles With twin engine vessels the resulting vibration amplitude is equal to the sum of both engines and is therefore dependent on the ph...

Страница 237: ...ing system Main controller and user interface in ECR The main controller is installed in the engine control room along with the user in terface where the relative phase difference angle provided by Wi...

Страница 238: ...ontrol On and Esti mate Only modes These conditions are Both engines are running in ahead direction in normal operational condi tion and unrestricted operation conditions no protective actions of the...

Страница 239: ...to assist with system dynamics and vibration analysis All questionnaires and forms can be downloaded from the WinGD webpage under the following link Questionnaires for shaft calculations Forms should...

Страница 240: ...ssions include oxides of carbon CO and CO2 oxides of nitrogen NO and NO2 oxides of sulphur SO2 and SO3 and Particulate Matter PM Exhaust gas emissions are a critical topic of interest in the shipping...

Страница 241: ...el keel laying the weighted average NOx emission of the engine must not exceed the maximum al lowable value as indicated by the respective curves in Figure 7 2 Figure 7 2 Speed dependent maximum allow...

Страница 242: ...020 Figure 7 3 Sulphur limits introduced by IMO according to MARPOL Annex VI SOx Calculation criteria Total SOx emissions are linked mainly to two factors The first factor is the sulphur content of th...

Страница 243: ...ciency Ex isting Ship Index EEXI and to establish their annual operational Carbon Inten sity Indicator CII and CII rating CO2 Calculation criteria Currently only CO2 is considered in EEXI and CII In t...

Страница 244: ...ormula Formula 7 5 where mCO2eq CO2 equivalent emissions kg h BSFC Brake Specific Fuel Consumption g kWh CFx Conversion Factor BSPC Brake Specific Pilot Fuel Consumption g kWh PME Engine Power kW 7 1...

Страница 245: ...with ISO NR Curves Overall average values LpA in dB A and expected maximal overall single point values Free field conditions Near the turbocharger air intake the maximum measured noise level will nor...

Страница 246: ...0 2 5X62DF S2 0 31 5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 120 110 100 90 80 70 Octave band centre frequency in Hz Lp dB NR80 110 120 40 50 NR70 60 30 100 Overall average LpA in dB A LpA in dB A 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2...

Страница 247: ...oise level by about 6dB Figure 7 5 Exhaust noise reference point Silencer after economiser Depending on the actual noise level allowed on the bridge wing which is nor mally between 60 and 70dB A a sim...

Страница 248: ...7 6 Sound pressure level at funnel top of exhaust gas system SM 0806 NR60 70 100 80 110 120 130 31 5 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 4k 8k 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 Octave band centre frequency in Hz 140 L...

Страница 249: ...tarts to vibrate and thus emits noise The sound pressure levels in the accommodations can be estimated with the aid of standard empirical formulas and the vibration velocity levels Figure 7 7 Structur...

Страница 250: ...ings and running gear are clearly marked cylinder by cylinder 8 2 Protection of disassembled engines All parts have to be protected against damage by careful crating and from corro sion by applying ru...

Страница 251: ...ors can also be found here 9 1 Classification societies Table 9 1 List of classification societies IACS International Association of Classification Societies ABS American Bureau of Shipping KR Korean...

Страница 252: ...Barred Speed Range FQS Fuel Quality Setting CCR Conradson Carbon Residue FRV Flow Regulating Valve CCW Cylinder Cooling Water FSM Fuel Sharing Mode CCWC Cylinder Cooling Water Cooler FW Freshwater CE...

Страница 253: ...LHV Lower Heating Value PRU Power Related Unbalance LNG Liquefied Natural Gas PSV Purging Sealing Valve LO Lubricating Oil PTH Power Take Home LOC Lubricating Oil Cooler PTI Power Take In LowTV Low T...

Страница 254: ...rger WECS WinGD Engine Control System tEaT Temperature Exhaust gas After Turbocharger WHR Waste Heat Recovery tEbE Temperature Exhaust gas Before Economiser WiCE WinGD Integrated Control Electronics T...

Страница 255: ...F Force N MN kN f v Frequency Hz 1 s I Current A I J Moment of inertia radius kgm2 l L Length m cm mm la lp Second moment of area m4 K Coefficient of heat transfer W m2 K L Angular momentum Nsm L A TO...

Страница 256: ...at J kJ MJ kWh Z W Section modulus m3 T Temperature interval K C Angular acceleration rad s2 Linear expansion coefficient 1 K Angle rad Surface tension N m Dynamic viscosity Ns m2 Thermal conductivity...

Страница 257: ...kg 1 short ton 907 2 kg 1 tonne 1000 kg Volume fluids 1 Imp pint 0 568 l 1 U S pint 0 473 l 1 Imp quart 1 136 l 1 U S quart 0 946 l 1 Imp gal 4 546 l 1 U S gal 3 785 l 1 Imp barrel 36 Imp gal 163 66 l...

Страница 258: ...Marine Installation Manual 2022 03 9 8 9 Appendix 9 4 Approximate conversion factors X62DF S2 0 Area 1 in2 6 45 cm2 1 ft2 929 cm2 1 yd2 0 836 m2 1 acre 4047 m2 1 sq mile of land 640 acres 2 59 km2...

Страница 259: ...the industry standard for environmental sustainability reliability efficiency and safety WinGD provides designs training and technical support to engine manufacturers shipbuilders and ship operators...

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