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1  - Instantaneous  ground  overcurrent  start 

unit  (I0s) 

1  -Operation  indicator 

(01) 

1 -Alarm unit 

( AL) 

1  -Type  W On-off Switch ( 85CO) 

1 -Test  pushbutton (PB) 

1 -Milliammeter 

(MA) 

Out-of-Step  Blocking 

(Optional) 

1  -KS  Out-of-Step  blocking  relay  (Z0s),  used  to 

block  phase  tripping  or  to  block  breaker  re­
closing,  with  auxiliary unit (OS) 

Backup 

2 -KD  Phase distance relays (Zones  1 

& 

2) 

1  - TD-2  Timing relay  consisting  of: 

1 -Timing  unit  (T),  with  contacts,  T2 

& 

T3 

1  -Auxiliary  unit  (TX),  with  two  operating 

coils,  TXZ2 

& 

TXZ3 

1  -Indicating  contactor  switch (ICS) 

OPERATION 

When  an  external  fault  occurs,  as  shown  in  fig. 

1,  the transmitter at breaker B  is keyed by the  "start" 

relays  to  block  tripping  at  breaker  A.  Breaker B  is 
not tripped  because the fault  power  flow  is not in the 

proper  direction  to  close  the  D0,  ZP-

¢¢ 

or  ZP-3

¢ 

contacts. 

When  an  internal  fault  occurs,  a  blocking  signal 

is  transmitted  from  neither  A  nor  B  in  fig.  1;  in  the 
absence  of  blocking  the  t ripping  units  at  each  sta­

tion  (ZP-

¢¢ 

or  ZP-3

¢ 

for  phase  faults,  D0 

& 

10  for 

ground  faults)  are  permitted  to  trip. 

Succeeding 

paragraphs will  explain how this  is  performed. 

Phase  Fault  Tripping 

Distance  units,  ZP  (ZP-

¢¢ 

& 

ZP-3

¢

),  operate 

only  when  fault  power  flows  into  the  protected  line, 

as  shown  in  fig.  1.  They  are  set  to  reach  beyond 
the  end  of  the  line  (overreaching  setting),  so  that 
faults anywhere  on the  protected line  will  be detected 

& 

cleared  at  high  speed.  These  units  such  as  at 

breaker  A,  fig.  1  also  operate  for  faults  on  the  adja­
cent  system;  therefore,  the  ZP  contacts  must  be 
supervised  by  a  contact  which  does  not  close  during 
external  faults.  This  supervising  contact  is  RRP  in 

fig.  2.  For internal  faults the  RRP  contact  closes 

to 

permit one  of the ZP  contacts  to energize the breaker 

trip  coil,  52  T C.  The  trip  path  is  from  positive, 

through  ICS  coil,  ZP-

¢¢ 

or  ZP-3

¢ 

& 

OS  contacts, 

85-CO 

contact  1-2, 

01 

coil,  RRP  contact,  52a  con­

tact,  to  the  trip  coil. 

Fig.  2  also  shows  an  optional  time  delay  backup 

path,  through  T3  contact  which  bypasses  the  RRP 
contact  circuit.  T3  contact 

& 

TX-Z3  coil  are  from 

the  TD-2  timing  relay,  which  is  associ,ated  with  an 

independent  2-zone-distance  backup  circuit  (not 
shown). 

Operation  of  ZP  energizes  TX-Z3  coil 

which  starts  the  timer.  If  the  fault,  either  interna

i 

or  external, is not cleared  by  other  means, the  breaker 
will  be  tripped  after  time  delay,  T3,  if  the  fault  is 

within the reach of  ZP. 

Ground  Fault  Tripping 

Ground  directional  unit  D  (D 

& 

D 

when 

' 

o 

oc 

op 

KRD  dual  polarized  relay  is  used),  closes  only  for 

ground  faults  in  one  direction, 

as 

is  the  case  for  the 

phase  tripping  units,  ZP.  The  instantaneous  unit, 

10,  is  set  to  pickup  for  a  zero  sequence  current  well 

below  the  solid  ground  fault  level,  to  insure  high 
speed tripping  even  with  substantial  fault resistance. 

As 

with  ZP,  this  overreaching  setting  results  in 

relay  operation  for  external  faults  in  the  "trip  direc­
tion." 

To  prevent  breaker  tripping  for  external 

faults,  the  ground  trip  path  must  likewise  be  super­
vised.  RRG  is  the  ground  fault  supervising  contact, 

which  remains  open during  external  faults,  but  closes 
during  internal  faults  to  permit  the  ground  tripping 
relay,  KRC,  KRD,  or KRP,  to clear the fault. 

Tripping  from  positive  is  through  85-CO  contact 

3-4,  ICS  coil,  contacts  D0,  10,  RRG,  52a,  to  the  trip 

coil.  A  backup  ground  relay  is  not  shown  in  fig.  2. 
It  is  recommended  that  this  relay  trip  circuit  be  on  a 
separately  fused  supply,  along  with  the  phase  back­
up  relays. 

Transmitter  Control 

Break  contacts,  ZS  (ZS-

¢¢ 

& 

Z£r3

¢

) 

& 

10s,  85 

CO  contact  7-8,  and  the  test  pushbutton  break  con­

tact,  PB,  in  fig.  2,  connect  the  transmitter  "start" 

lead to minus.  When  any one of these  contacts opens, 
the  "start"  lead  is  connected  to  positive  through 
resistor,  R2.  This  positive  potential  will  key  the 

transmitter  on  (or  shift  the  frequency,  when  a  fre­
quency  shift  channel  is  utilized),  to  block  remote 
breaker  tripping,  provided  that  the  "stop"  lead  is  not 
tied  to  minus,  through  contact  CSP  or  CSG.  csP

& 

CSG  coils  are  energized  by  ZP 

& 

D0  contacts,  re-

3 

www 

. ElectricalPartManuals 

. com 

Содержание KD

Страница 1: ...his system can be utilized with minor differ ences with either on off or frequency shift type of operation over pilot wire tones microwave or power line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency EQUIPMENT COMPLEMENT K Dar is the designation for a group of relays which are itemized below Directional Fault Detecting Relays 1 Type KD ...

Страница 2: ... UNIT OF KA RELAY CURRENT POLARIZEO OIRECTIOMAL UNIT OF XRO RELAY VOLTAGE POLARIZEO OIRECTIONAL UNIT OF XRO RELAY INOICATING CONTACTOR SWITCH OF XO XRO RELAYS GROUNO OVERCURRENT TRIP UNIT OF XRO RELAY GROUMO START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA RELAY MILLIAMMETER OPERATION INOICATOR OF KA RELAY AUXILIARY UNIT OF XS RELAY REC 1VER RELAY UNIT CONTACTS OF XA RELAY HOLDING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY UNIT OF KA RE...

Страница 3: ...ws an optional time delay backup path through T3 contact which bypasses the RRP contact circuit T3 contact TX Z3 coil are from the TD 2 timing relay which is associ ated with an independent 2 zone distance backup circuit not shown Operation of ZP energizes TX Z3 coil which starts the timer If the fault either internai or external is not cleared by other means the breaker will be tripped after time...

Страница 4: ...duces a receiver output at A which energizes the RRH coil to prevent RRP and RRG contacts from closing thus tripping is pre vented Conversely for an ihternal fault tripping units operate at both stations to energize CSP or CSG contacts to prevent transmission of a blocking signal another set of CSP CSG contacts energize t he RRT coil Since neither station receives a blocking signal both RRH coils ...

Страница 5: ...OPEN OPEN GROUND Do CSG CSG ENERGIZES CLOSES CLOSES CSG Do CSG CSG ENERG I ZES CLOSES CLOSES CSG RRH COIL C3 R M RCVR FAUI T RRH ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED NOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER GIZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED TRIP CIRCUIT zp tOo I Iro R 2a c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOHI TRIP THROUGH ZP...

Страница 6: ...swing describes an arc which intersects the Z circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point OS P During an out of step condition the Z0s contact in figure 2 opens before ZP 3 contact closes OS 6 unit is energized and after 4 cycles an OS con tact opens the ZP 3 trip circuit All this occurs before the swing reaches point P in Fig 3 During a fault the ZP 3 contact closes almost at the same instant that...

Страница 7: ...w w w E l e c t r i c a l P a r t M a n u a l s c o m ...

Страница 8: ...WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION RELAY DEPARTMENT NEWARK N J Printed in U S A w w w E l e c t r i c a l P a r t M a n u a l s c o m ...

Страница 9: ...line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency These instructions contemplate the use of separate primary and back up relays in line with local back up philosophies Fig 4 shows the details of this arrangement This contrasts to the previous 3 zone system where the zone 2 phase distance units provided carrier tripping as well as back...

Страница 10: ...ECTIONAL UNIT OF KRD RELAY ItS IRDICATIRG CONTACTOR SWITCH OF KO KRD RELAYS Io GROUND OVERCURREMT TRIP UIU T OF KRD RELAY los GROUND START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA RELAY MA M I LLIA14HETER 01 OPERATION INDICATOR OF KA RELAY OS AUXILIARY UNIT OF KS RELAY RRG RRP RECEIVER RELAY UNIT CONTACTS OF KA RELAY RRH HOLDING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY URIT OF KA RELAY RRT TRIPPING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY URIT OF KA ...

Страница 11: ...A fig 1 also operate for faults on the adja cent system therefore the ZP contacts must be supervised by a contact which does not close during external faults This supervising contact is RRP in fig 2 For internal faults the RRP contact closes to permit one of the ZP contacts to energize the breaker trip coil 52 TC The trip path is from positive through ICS coil ZP or ZP 3 OS contacts 85 CO contact ...

Страница 12: ...oil current holds the RRP and RRG contacts open RRT coil current closes the RRP and RRG contacts in the absence of RRH coil current Tliis is the key point which produces the comparison function the force pro duced by RRH current is stronger than the opposing force produced by RRT current so that the RRP and RRG contacts will be closed by RRT current only when no blocking signal is received In Fig ...

Страница 13: ...OSES NOTE 2 CSG los Do CSG CSG BKQ B OPENS ENERGIZES CLOSES CLOSES NOTE 2 CSG RRH COIL J R M RCVR FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED HlOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER Gl ZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED TRIP CIRCUIT zp Do I Ira c 2a c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOTEI TRIP THROUGH ZP RRP TRIP THROUGH Z...

Страница 14: ...00 2000 CCnHACT _3_ _4 S 6 7 8 hf c t r o X DENOTES CONTACT CI O EO I I I I I CJc I I SAME AS ZONE 1 ZONE 2 INTERNAL 5CHE IVIA TICS DEVICE NO DEVICE DWG t JO 43 RECL ON O F iOGoGLE SW DS41 f 9 85 CO C l R ON OFF S oo ITCH 85 P8 DEVICE No C A R TE T P SH BUTTON CAR D C SUPPL Y ON OFF TOUGLE SWITCH KR SLHT DEl UNIT 250VO TRESI TOR UNIT RELAY DS 41 GOO F 14 r C z c 1 C z oc Nc E t c i KD ZONE 2 KD PI...

Страница 15: ...15 1 0 t 1 85Z co TIME DISTANCE PLOT 21 Z 21 J rz o j 21 S o r _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I P CARRIER POS DJ t c J L C L II BA CK UPRELAYING 7NT iO i01 Th 1M n 10 2 RT 1X L l l 1 1 2 Th TM lCS _ q 3 ill w II RECLOSINC CIRCUIT Pos t 1 0 IOI SC sl co 79 16 79X T 19 f bb 0 TO CLOSING CKT 7 OR 60LN 52X NEG r 19M l 79Z 791 T 14 s o 791 ill 5 15 Fig 4 Detailed schematic of the K Dar 4 zone directional ...

Страница 16: ...ult value ZLoad to the fault value represented by the line 0 F in Fig 3 When a swing or out of step condition occurs the imped ance seen by Z0s ZP changes gradually as the voltage decreases and the current increases In Fig 3 the swing describes an arc which intersects the Z0s circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point P During an out of step condition the Z0s contact in figure 2 opens before ZP 3 ...

Страница 17: ...power line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency These instructions contemplate the use of separate primary and back up relays in line witli local back up philosophies Fig 4 shows the details of this arrangement This contrasts to the previous 3 zone system where the zone 2 phase distance units provided carrier tripping as well ...

Страница 18: ...C 85CO 290Bl54 ALARM UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY GROUND AUXILIARY UNIT OF U 4 RELA Y ASE AUXI LIARY UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY CURRENT POLARIZED 0IRECTI OMAL UN IT OF KRD 4 RELAY VOLTAGE POLARIZED DIRECTIONAL UNIT OF KR0 4 RELAY INDICATING CONTACTOR SWITCH Of KD4 KR0 4 RELAYS GROUND OVERCURREMT TRIP UNIT OF U0 4 RELAY GROUND START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY Ml LLIANMETER OPERATION INDICATOR OF ICA 4RELAY AUXIL...

Страница 19: ... 1 also operate for faults on the adja cent system therefore the ZP contacts must be supervised by a contact which does not close during external faults This supervising contact is RRP in fig 2 For internal faults the RRP contact closes to permit one of the ZP contacts to energize the breaker trip coil 5 2 TC The trip path is from positive through ICS coil ZP or ZP 3 OS contacts 85 CO contact 1 2 ...

Страница 20: ...ontacts open RRT coil current closes the RRP and RRG contacts in the absence of RRH coil current Tliis is the key point which produces the comparison function the force pro duced by RRH current is stronger than the opposing force produced by RRT current so that the RRP and RRG contacts will be closed by RRT current only when no blocking signal is received In Fig 1 ZP or D0 I0 contacts close at bre...

Страница 21: ...TE 2 CSG Do los CSG CSG BKA B OPENS ENERG I ZES CLOSES CLOSES NOTE 21 CSG R R H C O I L c r R M RC I R FAULT RRH ENERGI ZED RRH DE ENERGIZED NOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERG IZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER Gl ZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED T R IP C I RCUIT zp I Do I Iro R c 2o c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOTEI TRIP THROUGH ZP RRP ...

Страница 22: ...DEVICE NO 21 1 2 s 6 T 67N 67NT t 67N1 61tH J L 7 84LH sox 5AME A S Z O N E I ZONE Z INTfRNAL I I S C EMATICS OEVte E C i QW OFF 10 5tr S CA ON OF SWITCH CAR TEST 1 If SI IET OFT UN r 250 v J 7 liE SISTO IJlQCIUNG DIODE ON I KO ii ON E 2 Kl PIL O T T R I P 0 4 N MG Ei B R FAIL IWX BKR FAIL AU KRD 4 K R P I R P SGR 12 A M T OX K0 3 CUR T DETE TOR DW5 NO S OifASJS t A s 1 8 4 A I s 62 A S I 1 29 A 7...

Страница 23: ...ONN CTION TO lli OCK ONE 2 TRIPPING O U R N G OUT OF ST P CONDITION IF i ONE 2 I S BLOCKED uSE t L7EitNATF CONNFC110N 6 M P gto ZPI VG TMROU5H T 3 CHJ IN5 1Tt t CL0S N6 CIRCUIT POS _ r 0 1101 SC t Z O V 60 C P S sl as 6 co iO IJ 52 6 1 T J l 8 0 CCO S N J C J4 T 7 J 71M Nf6 __ _ __ _ __ _ _ t t7 9 X 3 546701 5 Fig 4 Detailed schematic of the K Dar 4 zone direc tional c omparison blocking system 7 ...

Страница 24: ... sud denly from the prefault value Z Load to the fault value represented by the line 0 F in Fig 3 When a swing or out of step condition occurs the imped ance seen by Z 0s ZP changes gradually as the voltage decreases and the current increases In Fig 3 the swing describes an arc which intersects the Z 0s circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point P During an out of step condition the Z 0s contact i...

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