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so  the  transmitter  sends  a  blocking  signal.  Tripping 
does  not occur  because  ZP  is  open. 

At breaker  A,  ZP  contact closes,  energizing  CSP. 

CSP  contact  energizes  RRT;  however,  RRP  contact 

is held  open  bY RRH  current. 

Internal  Phose  Fault 

Operation  is  the  same  at  both  stations.  Refer  to 

Table  I.  Z3  does  not  operate,  since  it  is  set  to  look 

into  the  external  system.  ZP  contact  closes,  ener­
gizing  CSP.  CSP  contact  closes to  apply  negative  to 
the stop  lead, preventing blocking signal transmission. 
Another  CSP  contact  energizes  RRT;  since  there  is 
no  signal  to  produce  RRH  coil  current,  RRT  coil 

External  Ground  Fault  Operation 

Refer  to  Table  I.  Since  the  ground  overcurrent 

units 

los• 

are  not directional, they operate at both A&B 

to  open their contacts.  At  breaker  A,  10s operation is 
ineffective,  since the  stop  lead  is  energized  by CSG. 
However,  at  breaker  B,  CSG  and  the  stop  lead  are 

not  energized,  so  that  the  opening  of  the  10s  contact 
results  in  transmission  of  a  blocking  signal  from  B. 
Tripping  at  breaker  B  does  not  occur  because  D0  re­
remains  open. 

At  breaker  A  RRT  coil  is  energized  when D0 

closes  to  operate  CSG;  however,  tripping  is  prevented 
by  RRH  coil  current,  which holds  RRG  open. 

Internal  Ground  Fault  Operation 

Refer  to  Table  I.  Operation  is  the  same  at  both 

stations. 

D0 

closes,  energizing  CSG. 

CSG  con­

tacts  stop  blocking  signal  transmission  and  ener-

* 

gize  the  RRT  coil.  Since  no  blocking  signal  is 
received. 

RRH 

is  not  energized;  therefore,  RRG 

closes,  and the breaker  trip coil  is energized  through 
85  CO  contact  3-4,  D0,  10,  RRG  and 52a  contacts. 

Operation 

KS  relay  distance  unit,  Zos•  is  set  to  include  the 

ZP-3¢  unit  R-X  diagram  circle  as  shown  in  Figure  3. 

A  minimum  separation  of  two  secondary  ohms  is 

recommended  between  the  Z0s  and  ZP-3¢  unit  cir­

cles.  This  separation  provides  the  means  for  dis­

tinguishing  between  3-phase  faults  and  out-of-step 

conditions. 

When  a  fault  occurs  on  the  protected 

line,  the  impedance  seen  by  the  relays  changes  sud­
denly  from  the  prefault  value,  ZLoad•  to  the  fault 
value,  represented  by  the  line  0-F  in  Fig.  3.  When 

a  swing  or  out-of-step  condition  occurs  the  imped­
ance  seen  by  Z0s  &  ZP  changes  gradually,  as  the 

voltage  decreases  and  the  current  increases. 

In 

Fig.  3  the  swing  describes  an  arc  which  intersects 
the  Z0s  circle  at  point  Q  and  ZP-3¢  circle,  at  point 
P. 

During  an  out-of-step  condition  the  Z0s  contact 

in  figure 

2 

opens  before  ZP-3¢  contact  closes.  OS 

unit  is  energized,  and  after 

4 

cycles,  an  OS  con­

tact  opens  the  ZP-3¢  trip-circuit.  All  this  occurs 

before the  swing reaches  point,  P,  in  Fig.  3. 

During  a  fault,  the  ZP-3¢  contact  closes  almost 

at  the  same  instant  thaJ;  the  Z0s  contact  opens  in 
Fig.  2. 

ZP-3¢  contact  short-circuits  the  OS  coil 

to  prevent 

OS 

from  operating.  Thus  a  fault  condition 

results  in  a  nearly  simultaneous  operation  of Z0s and 
ZP-3¢;  while  an  out-of-step  condition  produces  a 
discrete  difference  in  the  operating  time  of  these 
two  distance units. 

In  some  cases  it  is  preferable  to  block  breaker 

reclosing  rather  than  blocking  tripping,  when  an  out­
of-step  condition  occurs.  A  make contact  of  OS  shown 
in  Figure 2,  is available  for  this  purpose.  Otherwise, 

this  OS  contact  may  be  used  for  alarm  purposes,  as 

shown  by the dotted  connection  in  Figure 2. 

R ELAY  SETTINGS 

It  is  essential  that  the  local  start  units,  which 

initiate  blocking  signal  transmission,  operate  for 
any  external  fault  for  which  the  remote  tripping  units 
also  operate;  otherwise  undesired  tripping  of  the 

remote  breaker  will occur. 

Phose 

In  Fig.  1,  breaker  A-ZS  is  set  to  reach  further 

than  the  breaker  B-ZP  units  by  the  distance, 

M-N. 

It  is  recommended  that  this  distance  be  at  least  half 

of 

N-

P,  as  shown  in  Fig.  1.  Unless  ZS  is  used  for 

tripping  as  well  as  for  starting  a  blocking  signal,  and 

unless an  undesirably  large  tripping  area  would  other-

wise  result,  it  is  recommended  that  the  ZS  setting 
be  made at least  as  large  as the  remote  ZP  setting. 

Set  the  remote  10  unit  for  a  pickup  at  least  25% 

higher  than  the  local  10s  pickup  to  insure  operation 
of  the  10s  for  any  fault  which  will  also  result  in 
10  operation. 

WESTINGHOUSE 

RELAY  DEPARTMENT 

ELECTRIC  CORPORATION 

NEWARK,  N.  J. 

Printed  in  U.  S.  A. 

www 

. ElectricalPartManuals 

. com 

Содержание KD

Страница 1: ...his system can be utilized with minor differ ences with either on off or frequency shift type of operation over pilot wire tones microwave or power line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency EQUIPMENT COMPLEMENT K Dar is the designation for a group of relays which are itemized below Directional Fault Detecting Relays 1 Type KD ...

Страница 2: ... UNIT OF KA RELAY CURRENT POLARIZEO OIRECTIOMAL UNIT OF XRO RELAY VOLTAGE POLARIZEO OIRECTIONAL UNIT OF XRO RELAY INOICATING CONTACTOR SWITCH OF XO XRO RELAYS GROUNO OVERCURRENT TRIP UNIT OF XRO RELAY GROUMO START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA RELAY MILLIAMMETER OPERATION INOICATOR OF KA RELAY AUXILIARY UNIT OF XS RELAY REC 1VER RELAY UNIT CONTACTS OF XA RELAY HOLDING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY UNIT OF KA RE...

Страница 3: ...ws an optional time delay backup path through T3 contact which bypasses the RRP contact circuit T3 contact TX Z3 coil are from the TD 2 timing relay which is associ ated with an independent 2 zone distance backup circuit not shown Operation of ZP energizes TX Z3 coil which starts the timer If the fault either internai or external is not cleared by other means the breaker will be tripped after time...

Страница 4: ...duces a receiver output at A which energizes the RRH coil to prevent RRP and RRG contacts from closing thus tripping is pre vented Conversely for an ihternal fault tripping units operate at both stations to energize CSP or CSG contacts to prevent transmission of a blocking signal another set of CSP CSG contacts energize t he RRT coil Since neither station receives a blocking signal both RRH coils ...

Страница 5: ...OPEN OPEN GROUND Do CSG CSG ENERGIZES CLOSES CLOSES CSG Do CSG CSG ENERG I ZES CLOSES CLOSES CSG RRH COIL C3 R M RCVR FAUI T RRH ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED NOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER GIZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED TRIP CIRCUIT zp tOo I Iro R 2a c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOHI TRIP THROUGH ZP...

Страница 6: ...swing describes an arc which intersects the Z circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point OS P During an out of step condition the Z0s contact in figure 2 opens before ZP 3 contact closes OS 6 unit is energized and after 4 cycles an OS con tact opens the ZP 3 trip circuit All this occurs before the swing reaches point P in Fig 3 During a fault the ZP 3 contact closes almost at the same instant that...

Страница 7: ...w w w E l e c t r i c a l P a r t M a n u a l s c o m ...

Страница 8: ...WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORPORATION RELAY DEPARTMENT NEWARK N J Printed in U S A w w w E l e c t r i c a l P a r t M a n u a l s c o m ...

Страница 9: ...line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency These instructions contemplate the use of separate primary and back up relays in line with local back up philosophies Fig 4 shows the details of this arrangement This contrasts to the previous 3 zone system where the zone 2 phase distance units provided carrier tripping as well as back...

Страница 10: ...ECTIONAL UNIT OF KRD RELAY ItS IRDICATIRG CONTACTOR SWITCH OF KO KRD RELAYS Io GROUND OVERCURREMT TRIP UIU T OF KRD RELAY los GROUND START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA RELAY MA M I LLIA14HETER 01 OPERATION INDICATOR OF KA RELAY OS AUXILIARY UNIT OF KS RELAY RRG RRP RECEIVER RELAY UNIT CONTACTS OF KA RELAY RRH HOLDING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY URIT OF KA RELAY RRT TRIPPING COIL OF RECEIVER RELAY URIT OF KA ...

Страница 11: ...A fig 1 also operate for faults on the adja cent system therefore the ZP contacts must be supervised by a contact which does not close during external faults This supervising contact is RRP in fig 2 For internal faults the RRP contact closes to permit one of the ZP contacts to energize the breaker trip coil 52 TC The trip path is from positive through ICS coil ZP or ZP 3 OS contacts 85 CO contact ...

Страница 12: ...oil current holds the RRP and RRG contacts open RRT coil current closes the RRP and RRG contacts in the absence of RRH coil current Tliis is the key point which produces the comparison function the force pro duced by RRH current is stronger than the opposing force produced by RRT current so that the RRP and RRG contacts will be closed by RRT current only when no blocking signal is received In Fig ...

Страница 13: ...OSES NOTE 2 CSG los Do CSG CSG BKQ B OPENS ENERGIZES CLOSES CLOSES NOTE 2 CSG RRH COIL J R M RCVR FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED HlOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER Gl ZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED TRIP CIRCUIT zp Do I Ira c 2a c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOTEI TRIP THROUGH ZP RRP TRIP THROUGH Z...

Страница 14: ...00 2000 CCnHACT _3_ _4 S 6 7 8 hf c t r o X DENOTES CONTACT CI O EO I I I I I CJc I I SAME AS ZONE 1 ZONE 2 INTERNAL 5CHE IVIA TICS DEVICE NO DEVICE DWG t JO 43 RECL ON O F iOGoGLE SW DS41 f 9 85 CO C l R ON OFF S oo ITCH 85 P8 DEVICE No C A R TE T P SH BUTTON CAR D C SUPPL Y ON OFF TOUGLE SWITCH KR SLHT DEl UNIT 250VO TRESI TOR UNIT RELAY DS 41 GOO F 14 r C z c 1 C z oc Nc E t c i KD ZONE 2 KD PI...

Страница 15: ...15 1 0 t 1 85Z co TIME DISTANCE PLOT 21 Z 21 J rz o j 21 S o r _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I P CARRIER POS DJ t c J L C L II BA CK UPRELAYING 7NT iO i01 Th 1M n 10 2 RT 1X L l l 1 1 2 Th TM lCS _ q 3 ill w II RECLOSINC CIRCUIT Pos t 1 0 IOI SC sl co 79 16 79X T 19 f bb 0 TO CLOSING CKT 7 OR 60LN 52X NEG r 19M l 79Z 791 T 14 s o 791 ill 5 15 Fig 4 Detailed schematic of the K Dar 4 zone directional ...

Страница 16: ...ult value ZLoad to the fault value represented by the line 0 F in Fig 3 When a swing or out of step condition occurs the imped ance seen by Z0s ZP changes gradually as the voltage decreases and the current increases In Fig 3 the swing describes an arc which intersects the Z0s circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point P During an out of step condition the Z0s contact in figure 2 opens before ZP 3 ...

Страница 17: ...power line carrier channels Blocking of tripping is ef fected by either keying on or shifting the transmitter frequency These instructions contemplate the use of separate primary and back up relays in line witli local back up philosophies Fig 4 shows the details of this arrangement This contrasts to the previous 3 zone system where the zone 2 phase distance units provided carrier tripping as well ...

Страница 18: ...C 85CO 290Bl54 ALARM UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY GROUND AUXILIARY UNIT OF U 4 RELA Y ASE AUXI LIARY UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY CURRENT POLARIZED 0IRECTI OMAL UN IT OF KRD 4 RELAY VOLTAGE POLARIZED DIRECTIONAL UNIT OF KR0 4 RELAY INDICATING CONTACTOR SWITCH Of KD4 KR0 4 RELAYS GROUND OVERCURREMT TRIP UNIT OF U0 4 RELAY GROUND START OVERCURRENT UNIT OF KA 4 RELAY Ml LLIANMETER OPERATION INDICATOR OF ICA 4RELAY AUXIL...

Страница 19: ... 1 also operate for faults on the adja cent system therefore the ZP contacts must be supervised by a contact which does not close during external faults This supervising contact is RRP in fig 2 For internal faults the RRP contact closes to permit one of the ZP contacts to energize the breaker trip coil 5 2 TC The trip path is from positive through ICS coil ZP or ZP 3 OS contacts 85 CO contact 1 2 ...

Страница 20: ...ontacts open RRT coil current closes the RRP and RRG contacts in the absence of RRH coil current Tliis is the key point which produces the comparison function the force pro duced by RRH current is stronger than the opposing force produced by RRT current so that the RRP and RRG contacts will be closed by RRT current only when no blocking signal is received In Fig 1 ZP or D0 I0 contacts close at bre...

Страница 21: ...TE 2 CSG Do los CSG CSG BKA B OPENS ENERG I ZES CLOSES CLOSES NOTE 21 CSG R R H C O I L c r R M RC I R FAULT RRH ENERGI ZED RRH DE ENERGIZED NOTE I FAULT RRH DE ENERG IZED RRH DE ENERGIZED FAULT RRH ENERGIZED RRH DENER Gl ZED FAULT RRH DE ENERGIZED RRH DE ENERGIZED T R IP C I RCUIT zp I Do I Iro R c 2o c RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY RRH CURRENT RRP RRG HELD OPEN BY MAGNETIC BIAS NOTEI TRIP THROUGH ZP RRP ...

Страница 22: ...DEVICE NO 21 1 2 s 6 T 67N 67NT t 67N1 61tH J L 7 84LH sox 5AME A S Z O N E I ZONE Z INTfRNAL I I S C EMATICS OEVte E C i QW OFF 10 5tr S CA ON OF SWITCH CAR TEST 1 If SI IET OFT UN r 250 v J 7 liE SISTO IJlQCIUNG DIODE ON I KO ii ON E 2 Kl PIL O T T R I P 0 4 N MG Ei B R FAIL IWX BKR FAIL AU KRD 4 K R P I R P SGR 12 A M T OX K0 3 CUR T DETE TOR DW5 NO S OifASJS t A s 1 8 4 A I s 62 A S I 1 29 A 7...

Страница 23: ...ONN CTION TO lli OCK ONE 2 TRIPPING O U R N G OUT OF ST P CONDITION IF i ONE 2 I S BLOCKED uSE t L7EitNATF CONNFC110N 6 M P gto ZPI VG TMROU5H T 3 CHJ IN5 1Tt t CL0S N6 CIRCUIT POS _ r 0 1101 SC t Z O V 60 C P S sl as 6 co iO IJ 52 6 1 T J l 8 0 CCO S N J C J4 T 7 J 71M Nf6 __ _ __ _ __ _ _ t t7 9 X 3 546701 5 Fig 4 Detailed schematic of the K Dar 4 zone direc tional c omparison blocking system 7 ...

Страница 24: ... sud denly from the prefault value Z Load to the fault value represented by the line 0 F in Fig 3 When a swing or out of step condition occurs the imped ance seen by Z 0s ZP changes gradually as the voltage decreases and the current increases In Fig 3 the swing describes an arc which intersects the Z 0s circle at point Q and ZP 3 circle at point P During an out of step condition the Z 0s contact i...

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