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The Technical Stuff 

__________________________________________________________

 

- 25 

- 

History of the Model 2192 

 
In 2000, legendary audio engineer Bill Putnam Sr. 
was awarded a Technical Grammy for his multiple 
contributions to the recording industry. Highly 
regarded as a recording engineer, studio 
designer/operator and inventor, Putnam was 
considered a favorite of musical icons Frank 
Sinatra, Nat King Cole, Ray Charles, Duke 
Ellington, Ella Fitzgerald and many, many more. 
The studios he designed and operated in the 1950s 
and 1960s were known for their sound and his 
innovations were a reflection of his desire to 
continually push the envelope.   

 

In addition, the companies that Putnam started—Universal Audio, Studio Electronics, and UREI—
built products that are still in regular use decades after their development. In 1999, his sons Bill Jr. 
and James Putnam re-launched Universal Audio and merged with Kind of Loud technologies—a 
leading audio software company—with two goals in mind: to reproduce classic analog recording 
equipment designed by their father and his colleagues, and to design new recording tools in the spirit 
of vintage analog technology.  

 

One of the most exciting of these new recording tools is the 2192 Master Digital Audio Interface, the 
first product to combine UA’s long history of creating high-quality, analog gear with its advanced 
digital technology. Providing two channels of analog to digital conversion, two channels of digital to 
analog conversion, digital format conversion, and a master word clock generator/distribution amp for 
an entire digital hardware array, the 2192 is the perfect front end for Pro Tools and other digital audio 
workstations. 

 

While advances in digital technology have made tracking, mixing and recording a much easier 
experience, the sound of digital had yet to aspire to the sound of the analog recording until very 
recently. The 2192 was built to deliver the very best audio fidelity possible. To that end, only the 
highest-quality analog components are used, and all the latest advents in digital technology are 
supported, such as high sample rates (up to 192KHz) and full 24-bit conversion.  

 

Today Universal Audio is bridging the worlds of vintage analog and DSP technology in a creative 
atmosphere where musicians, audio engineers, analog designers and DSP engineers intermingle and 
exchange ideas. Every project taken on by the UA team is driven by its historical roots and a desire to 
wed classic analog technology with the demands of the modern digital studio. The 2192 truly sounds 
analog, but not necessarily like tape; and yet it somehow retains the neutrality necessary for a digital 
converter. But it does this without the wow and flutter, phase, crosstalk, and other baggage you’d 
expect with tape. In the words of famed producer Eliot Mazer, “…anyone hearing a 24-bit/192kHz 
recording can’t believe how great it sounds. When I get music into Pro Tools|HD at 192kHz with 
external converters like the Universal Audio 2192, it sounds analog. Analog to me is not hearing the 
system, it’s music that sounds natural. I’m no longer distracted by the limitations and distortions of 
low sampling and bit rates.”  

 

   “

…anyone hearing a 24-bit/192kHz recording 

can’t believe how great it sounds. When I get 

music into Pro Tools|HD at 192kHz with 
external converters like the Universal Audio 

2192, it sounds analog. Analog to me is not 

hearing the system, it’s music that sounds 
natural. I’m no longer distracted by the 

limitations and distortions of low sampling 

and bit rates.

” 

— producer Elliot Mazer

 

Содержание 2192

Страница 1: ...MY AUDIO Business Sales Marketing 1 866 UAD 1176 www uaudio com FCC Compliance This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation ...

Страница 2: ...he Universal Audio 2192 The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice Universal Audio Inc makes no warranties of any kind with regard to this manual including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Universal Audio Inc shall not be liable for errors contained herein or direct indirect special incidental or con...

Страница 3: ...simultaneously Audio digitized at sample rates of 176 4 or 192kHz is carried over AES EBU in single or dual wire mode and ADAT optical I O utilizes S MUX interleaving The S PDIF specification which includes 192kHz 24 bit audio is fully implemented The 2192 D A converters can also be set to output the signal directly from the A D converters thus enabling true confidence analog monitoring of the dig...

Страница 4: ...p the plug body when connecting or disconnecting it 7 Grounding of the Plug This unit is equipped with a 3 wire grounding type plug a plug having a third grounding pin This plug will only fit into a grounding type power outlet This is a safety feature If you are unable to insert the plug into the outlet contact your electrician to replace your obsolete outlet Do not defeat the purpose of the groun...

Страница 5: ...A Conversion of AES SPDIF Audio Using ADAT Clock D A Conversion of ADAT Audio Using AES SPDIF Clock Transcoding Converting Digital Formats Transcoding Using Internal Clock Transcoding Using Digital Audio Source Clock Transcoding Using Alternate Clock The Technical Stuff History of the 2192 Digital Audio Clocking Primer 2192 Overview 2192 Circuitry Maintenance Information Line Trim Procedure Output...

Страница 6: ...ingle rackspace 19 chassis and so we recommend that it be securely mounted in a rack if possible Because it can run hot be sure the 2192 side ventilation panels are not blocked We also recommend leaving at least a single empty rack space above and below the 2192 for adequate ventilation Step 2 Mute your monitors and then using a balanced cable with XLR connectors connect the 2192 s rear panel anal...

Страница 7: ...e 22 Transcoding Using Digital Audio Source Clock page 23 Transcoding Using Alternate Clock page 24 Step 6 Power on the 2192 After a delay of approximately 2 seconds during which the 2192 power conditioner circuits perform their initial calibrations the Power lamp immediately above the Power switch will light blue and the Clock Status lamp will light green if the 2192 is successfully locked to the...

Страница 8: ... on the rear panel see 9 on page 10 is used as the master clock Word 2 When the Clock knob is set to Word 2 the digital clock signal present at the Word 2 BNC input on the rear panel see 10 on page 10 is used as the master clock AES SPDIF When the Clock knob is set to AES SPDIF the digital clock signal present at the rear panel AES digital input or SPDIF digital input see 2 on page 9 and 6 on page...

Страница 9: ...DAT optical signal by setting the Analog Outputs DAC Source Select knob see 6 on page 7 to ADAT The 2192 sample rate is always determined by the Clock and Sample Rate Select knobs except when the clock source is set to AES SPDIF in which case the sample rate of the incoming signal is automatically detected and used The 2192 can be used for distribution of various clocks by connecting multiple cloc...

Страница 10: ... external clock 44 1 kHz 176 4 or 192 176 4 kHz 4 x external clock 48 kHz 44 1 or 48 48 kHz 1 x external clock 48 kHz 88 2 or 96 96 kHz 2 x external clock 48 kHz 176 4 or 192 192 kHz 4 x external clock 88 2 kHz 44 1 or 48 44 1 kHz 1 2 x external clock 88 2 kHz 88 2 or 96 88 2 kHz 1 x external clock 88 2 kHz 176 4 or 192 176 4 kHz 2 x external clock 96 kHz 44 1 or 48 48 kHz 1 2 x external clock 96 ...

Страница 11: ...D A converters and analog outputs The S MUX mode is determined by the Sample Rate Select knob see 4 on the previous page ADC When the Analog Outputs knob is set to ADC the signal appearing at the analog inputs see 13 on page 11 is routed to the analog outputs via both the A D converters and D A converters for true confidence monitoring 7 AES SPDIF switch This switch specifies whether the AES or SP...

Страница 12: ...t the rear panel ADAT optical digital input see 11 on page 10 is routed to all digital outputs ADC When the Digital Outputs knob is set to ADC the signals arriving at the rear panel analog inputs see 13 on page 11 are converted and delivered to the digital outputs 10 Power lamp The Power Lamp glows blue when the proper AC voltage is connected and the power switch is in the up I position Note that ...

Страница 13: ... left channel of audio is received here see page 28 for more information 3 AES Digital Output A This male XLR connector pin 2 hot transmits 24 bit stereo AES EBU digital audio signal of up to 192kHz to compatible hardware When the 2192 is operating in Dual Wire mode the left channel of audio is transmitted here see page 28 for more information 4 AES Digital Input B When the 2192 is operating in Du...

Страница 14: ...ed by the Sample Rate Select knob see 4 on page 6 Four outputs are provided so the 2192 can be used as the master clock source for multiple devices simultaneously without cascading the clock through external devices which can degrade the signal The word clock signal on each of the four outputs is identical and is phase aligned to the clock source to allow cascading multiple units without sample sk...

Страница 15: ...er via these balanced line level male XLR connectors Pin 2 is hot For unbalanced operation Pin 3 can be grounded and the output level will be attenuated by 6db The analog outputs are factory calibrated so that a digital signal level of 18dBFS will output an analog level of 4dBu for 18dB of headroom The line outputs can drive high or low 600ohm impedance inputs with no changes in level see page 30 ...

Страница 16: ...Interconnections __________________________________________________________ 12 Typical Mastering Setup Typical Digital Audio Workstation Setup ...

Страница 17: ...Interconnections __________________________________________________________ 13 Typical 8 Channel Pro Tools HD Setup ...

Страница 18: ... in Dual Wire mode as specified by the setting of the Single Dual switch see 8 on page 8 Audio digitized at sample rates above 48kHz is transmitted over ADAT optical with S MUX interleaving as follows o At 88 2kHz and 96kHz channels 1 4 are used for stereo audio o At 176 4kHz and 192kHz all 8 channels are used for stereo audio When the Analog Outputs DAC Source Select knob see 6 on page 7 is set t...

Страница 19: ...rade the clock signal To perform A D conversion using the internal clock 1 Connect the analog source signals to the 2192 rear panel analog line inputs 2 Using an appropriate digital cable connect the 2192 rear panel digital output s to the external device digital input s that will receive the digitized audio signal 3 Set the 2192 Clock knob to Internal 4 Set the 2192 Sample Rate knob to the desire...

Страница 20: ...nnect the 2192 rear panel digital output s to the external device digital input s that will receive the digitized audio signal 3 Using an appropriate digital cable connect the master clock source from the external device to the 2192 digital audio or word clock input that will receive the clock signal 4 Set the 2192 Clock knob to specify the digital input that the external clock is connected to If ...

Страница 21: ...stem clock source without cascading the clock through external devices which can degrade the clock signal To perform D A conversion using the internal clock 1 Connect the 2192 rear panel analog line outputs to the analog inputs of the destination device patch bay mixer DAW etc 2 Using an appropriate digital cable connect the digital output of the external digital audio source device to the desired...

Страница 22: ...tal input that the digital audio source signal is connected to AES SPDIF or ADAT If the Clock knob is set to AES SPDIF use the AES SPDIF switch to specify AES or SPDIF 4 If the digital source is AES SPDIF the Sample Rate Select knob has no effect If the digital source is ADAT use the Sample Rate Select knob to select the appropriate S MUX format see page 6 for information on sample rate selection ...

Страница 23: ...92 rear panel Word Clock outputs to enable synchronization of external devices 6 Set the 2192 Analog Outputs knob to specify the digital input that the digital audio source signal is connected to AES SPDIF or ADAT If the Analog Outputs Source Select knob is set to AES SPDIF use the AES SPDIF switch to specify AES or SPDIF 7 Set the external word clock device to transmit word clock It can be set to...

Страница 24: ... the 2192 rear panel ADAT input 4 Set the 2192 Clock knob to ADAT 5 Set the Sample Rate Select knob to the appropriate rate to match the AES SPDIF digital audio sample rate The selected sample rate is used by all four 2192 rear panel Word Clock outputs to enable synchronization of external devices 6 Set the 2192 Analog Outputs knob to AES SPDIF Use the AES SPDIF switch to specify AES or SPDIF 7 Se...

Страница 25: ...tput of the external AES SPDIF device that contains the digital clock signal to the desired 2192 rear panel digital input 4 Set the 2192 Clock knob to AES SPDIF Use the AES SPDIF switch to specify AES or SPDIF 5 The 2192 Sample Rate is defined by the AES SPDIF digital input the Sample Rate knob is ignored The selected sample rate is used by all four 2192 rear panel Word Clock outputs to enable syn...

Страница 26: ...1 Using the appropriate digital cable connect the digital output from the external digital audio source device to the desired 2192 digital input 2 Using the appropriate digital cable s connect the 2192 digital output s to the digital input s on any external device s that will receive the transcoded digital audio signal 3 Set the 2192 Clock knob to Internal 4 Set the 2192 Sample Rate knob to match ...

Страница 27: ...m the external digital audio source device to the desired 2192 digital input 2 Using the appropriate digital cable s connect the 2192 digital output s to the digital input s on any external device s that will receive the transcoded digital audio signal 3 Set the 2192 Clock knob to specify the digital audio source input AES SPDIF or ADAT If the Clock knob is set to AES SPDIF use the AES SPDIF switc...

Страница 28: ... desired 2192 digital input 4 Set the 2192 Clock knob to specify the digital input connected to the digital clock source Word 1 Word 2 AES SPDIF or ADAT If the Clock knob is set to AES SPDIF use the AES SPDIF switch to specify AES EBU or S PDIF 5 Set the 2192 Digital Outputs knob to control to specify the digital input that the digital audio source signal is connected to AES SPDIF or ADAT If the D...

Страница 29: ...orkstations While advances in digital technology have made tracking mixing and recording a much easier experience the sound of digital had yet to aspire to the sound of the analog recording until very recently The 2192 was built to deliver the very best audio fidelity possible To that end only the highest quality analog components are used and all the latest advents in digital technology are suppo...

Страница 30: ...and transmits that clock signal and setting every other device to slave mode where it receives and synchronizes to external clock with the appropriate clock signal routed between the master and slave devices Keep in mind that any device whether it s the clock master or a slave can send or receive data once everything is synchronized correctly When doing digital conversion it s best to have the con...

Страница 31: ... difficult to generate correctly when the converter needs to sync to an external clock External clock typically comes from a dedicated word clock input or is extracted from the incoming digital AES EBU S PDIF or ADAT signal Word clock cannot be used by the converters until it is multiplied up to the m clock rate This requires a PLL or other frequency multiplier circuit which will either be cheap a...

Страница 32: ...e rates of 88 2 96 176 4 and 192kHz The 2192 also offers tremendous flexibility in signal routing and monitoring You can for example run signal into its analog inputs at sample rates ranging from 44 1kHz to 192kHz and simultaneously output it to AES EBU Single Wire or Dual Wire S PDIF and ADAT with industry standard S MUX interleaving for sample rates above 48kHz Its selectable output monitor allo...

Страница 33: ...xternal hardware devices To sync the 2192 to an external word clock signal set the Clock knob see 3 on page 4 to Word 1 or Word 2 The 2192 supports subclock 1 2x or 1 4x and overclock 2x and 4x synchronization to allow converting signals at multiples or submultiples of the sample rate For example a 48kHz house sync can be used while converting at 96kHz or 192kHz Superclock 256x is not supported ho...

Страница 34: ... removal on all external clock sources there is no degradation in sound quality even when using inferior clock sources All word clock and digital output signals are generated from the conditioned internal clock so the 2192 can be used for reclocking poor quality external source clocks Analog I O Each balanced analog connector can individually isolate pin 1 from ground if desired via an internal ju...

Страница 35: ...B adjustable using the rear panel Analog Line Trims for each channel see page 35 for calibration procedures An analog signal level of 4dBu at 1kHz will illuminate the 18dB segment on the 2192 meters Note that frequencies below 50Hz will flicker and may not be reported correctly Digital Clip Indicators When the red CLIP indicator illuminates a full scale digital signal has occurred CLIP uses a time...

Страница 36: ...capacitors otherwise known as DC blocking caps is their low frequency phase response All coupling capacitors are high pass filters which means they introduce low end phase distortion Unfortunately phase distortion is most apparent at low frequencies and it severely affects transient response and imaging When the beater of the kick drum hits the drumhead the signal spikes rapidly because there is m...

Страница 37: ...ial circuit so common mode noise is eliminated We designed the 2192 to use not just fully differential analog circuitry but dual differential circuitry This means we use two fully differential circuits for each channel of signal for even greater noise immunity We also use high quality field effect transistors FETs with matching characteristics FETs are a special type of transistor that share the g...

Страница 38: ...re the clock master but as soon as you sync them to an external clock even when the clocks are high quality reference their conversion quality deteriorates Of course performance gets even worse when the external clocks are of poor quality We didn t want the 2192 s conversion quality to be dependent on the quality of any external clock sources so we incorporated a master clock conditioning circuit ...

Страница 39: ...l level The factory setting is 4dBu 4 Adjust the input trim until the desired RMS digital level is obtained The factory setting is 18dBFS 5 Repeat these steps for the right channel Analog line outputs calibration procedure 1 Connect the digital tone generator to a digital input of the 2192 2 Connect the left analog output channel to the analog level meter 3 Set the digital signal generator to outp...

Страница 40: ...lips screwdriver Output level meters calibration procedure 1 With the unit powered down remove the AC line cord 2 Place the unit on a flat stable area and remove top cover 3 Attach the AC line cord and power up the unit 4 Connect the digital tone generator to the digital input of the 2192 5 Set the digital generator to output a 1kHz sine wave at 18dB 6 Adjust the left channel output meter using Ou...

Страница 41: ...nical Stuff __________________________________________________________ 37 Figure 4 Output Level Meter Calibration Trimpots Important Do not adjust the Offset trimpots These settings are optimized at the factory ...

Страница 42: ... input left JP1 Analog input right JP4 Analog output left JP5 Analog output left JP6 AES input A JP9 AES output B JP10 AES input A JP11 AES output B JP12 Note Pin 1 is tied to ground when a jumper is across the pair of pins Fuse There is no user accessible fuse for the 2192 It contains an internal power supply circuit board with its own fuse Fuse type T 2A 250V Voltage Select The 2192 contains a u...

Страница 43: ...The Technical Stuff __________________________________________________________ 39 Block Diagram ...

Страница 44: ...The Technical Stuff __________________________________________________________ 40 Dynamic Range A D Dynamic Range D A ...

Страница 45: ...The Technical Stuff __________________________________________________________ 41 Frequency Response ...

Страница 46: ...gnal more accurately see Sample and Dynamic range Bit depth see Bit resolution Bit resolution Used interchangably with bit depth this is a term used to describe the number of bits used in a digital recording The 2192 converts analog audio and transmits digital audio with a resolution of 24 bits thus yielding a theoretical dynamic range of approximately 145 dB the highest resolution in common use t...

Страница 47: ...rmat of AES EBU data transfer that accommodates sample rates of 176 4kHz or 192kHz The Dual Wire standard breaks the digital audio up into two different data streams and transmits them over separate connectors and cables Dual Wire mode requires two AES channels to transmit a stereo pair of audio channels Most modern high resolution digital audio equipment utilizes the newer Single Wire mode but so...

Страница 48: ... the very low level signal output from microphones typically around 2 millivolts 2 thousandths of a volt Native Refers to computer based digital audio recording software controlled by the computer s onboard processor as opposed to software that requires external hardware to run Patch bay A passive central routing station for audio signals In most recording studios the line level inputs and outputs...

Страница 49: ...ee ADAT and Light pipe SPDIF sometimes written as S PDIF An acronym for Sony Philips Digital Interface Format a digital audio transfer standard largely based on the AES EBU standard Designed to carry two channels of 16 20 or 24 bit digital audio at sampling rates of up to 192kHz the most common SPDIF physical interconnect utilizes unbalanced 75 ohm video type coaxial cables terminating at phono RC...

Страница 50: ...Recall Sheet _______________________________________________________________________ 46 ...

Страница 51: ...C coupled dual differential Impedance 95ohms Maximum output level 23dBu Frequency Response analog input to ADC to DAC 0 1dB 10Hz to 40kHz 1dB at 74kHz to analog output referenced to 1kHz Fs 192kHz see page 39 Analog Level Trim ADC input Lo Z source Max input for 0dBFS 30dBu Min input for 0dBFS 5 5dBu 3dBV DAC output Hi Z load Max output at 0dBFS 23dBu Min output at 0dBFS 4dBu 1 8dBV Factory Trim a...

Страница 52: ...er Ignored Output bits SCMS Not Set Preemphasis Not Set Professional consumer Set to Professional 2 Channel ADAT Optical Connectors Dual in line optical TX RX reinforced Clock Sample Rate internal 44 1 48 88 2 96 176 4 192kHz Sample rate external 12 5 vari speed lock at all rates 4x BNC Clock Outputs 75 ohm 5V CMOS drive 2x BNC Clock Inputs 75 ohm internal termination AC coupled 1 2V p p minimum 5...

Страница 53: ... 122dB A weighted 119dB unweighted 60dBFS 38dBu output at 1kHz see page 38 Frequency response relative to 1kHz 0 03dB 10Hz to 20kHz Fs 44 1kHz 0 04dB 10Hz to 20kHz Fs 96kHz Phase response 0 5 10Hz to 1kHz 10 at 20kHz Residual noise 200Hz 20kHz 145dBFS 123dBu Total Harmonic Distortion N measured at 1kHz 98dB with 4dBu output 103dB with 10dBu output Physical AC Line Connector IEC 3 pin power safety ...

Страница 54: ... This page intentionally left blank ...

Страница 55: ...here at UA is to get you up and running again as soon as possible The first thing to do if you re having trouble with your device is to check for any loose or faulty external cables bad patchbay connections grounding trouble from a power strip and all inputs outputs mic line Hi Z etc If your problem persists call tech support at 877 MY UAUDIO or send an email to hardwaresupport uaudio com and we w...

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