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10 TEGAM WAY • GENEVA, OHIO 44041 440-466-6100 • FAX 440-466-6110 • www.tegam.com 

3-2 

Section III – Principles of Operation  

 

circuit of the power meter reduces DC power until the initial effective resistance value is restored (200 

ohms). The total amount of DC power removed is proportional to the amount of RF power that was 

introduced. Quantitatively, the total power applied to the thermistor beads equals the sum of the two 

types of power. 

 

Power Splitter 

The Models 2505A contain a two-element resistive power splitter. The T-shaped divider contains a series 

50 ohm resistor in each of the two legs. The test port is a Type N Connector precision female connector. 

Use of the splitter in a closed loop configuration that applies constant power causes the common point 

(divider) to become a constant voltage point. This means the source impedance at both splitter output 

ports is determined by the 50 ohm resistor and the output connector. This provides very good source 

match. In addition, the power is split equally between the two ports. 

 

Controlling Thermistor Temperature 

Since thermistor mounts are temperature sensitive devices, it is necessary to eliminate or minimize the 

effects of changes in the ambient temperature. This is accomplished by thermally isolating the mount, 

raising its temperature with a heater element to a level higher than the ambient temperature, and 

maintaining that level by means of an external temperature controller. The heater element electrical 

assembly as illustrated in Figure 3.2. The proper temperature is determined by the characteristics of the 

thermistor beads.  

 

 

Figure 3.2 Simplified of RF Power Standards Internal Heater

 

Содержание 1505A

Страница 1: ...TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com RF Coaxial Power Standards Models 1505A and 2505A Instruction and Service Manual PN 1505A 2505A 900 Publication Date March 2016 REV C ...

Страница 2: ...R meters handheld temperature calibrators thermometers humidity and temperature control devices and more TEGAM also repairs and calibrates test and measurement equipment formerly manufactured by Electro Scientific Industries ESI Gertsch Keithley Instruments Lucas Weinschel and Pragmatic Instruments A complete list can be viewed on our Product Service Directory at www tegam com For more information...

Страница 3: ...llation Unpacking Inspection 2 1 Recommended Operating Environment 2 1 III Principles of Operation Power Measurements 3 1 Principles of DC Substitution 3 1 Temperature Variable Resistance 3 1 Power Splitters 3 1 Controlling Thermistor Temperature 3 2 IV Operating Instructions Front Panel Connectors 4 1 Calculating Calibration Factors 4 2 Relationship between k gamma And effective efficiency 4 7 V ...

Страница 4: ...damage to the equipment or other property WARNING statements identify conditions or practices that could result in personal injury or loss of life Terms as Marked on Equipment CAUTION indicates a personal injury hazard not immediately accessible as one reads the marking or a hazard to property including the equipment itself DANGER indicates a personal injury hazard immediately accessible as one re...

Страница 5: ...alibration laboratory These units are highly accurate stable with time and temperature and are designed for use as a standard for the characterization of calibration factors for other sensors Table 1 1 General Specifications Frequency Range 6 kHz to 18 GHz Max Power 25 mW 14 dBm RF Impedance 50 Ohms nominal Power Linearity Typical Usable Range 0 1 from 1 to 10 mW 20 dBm to 10 dBm 0 01 to 10 mW typ...

Страница 6: ...2 100 MHz to 2 GHz 0 03 2 GHz to 8 GHz 0 12 8 GHz to 12 GHz 0 15 12 GHz to 18 GHz 0 25 Loss from Input Port to DUT Port 8 5 dB typical N A Calibration Factor Accuracy typical 0 70 from 6 kHz to 10 MHz 0 80 from 0 01 to 10 GHz 1 00 from 10 0 to 18 GHz 0 90 from 6 kHz to 10 MHz 1 00 from 0 01 to 10 GHz 1 20 from 10 0 to 18 GHz Test Port Connectors Type N Connector Female Type N Connector Male Weight...

Страница 7: ... only CA 29 48 RF Signal Generator o 6 kHz to 18 GHz o Minimum power level 10 dBm at 18 GHz Torque Wrench o Torque wrench 12 0 in lbs 1130 911 01 Optional RF Amplifier SureCAL Software P N SureCAL PM Rack Mount Kit for 2505A o Single P N 1830 910 o Dual P N 1830 911 VNA o 2 port o 18 GHz TEGAM 1505A For calibration of TEGAM 2505A Transport Case o 1505 RF Power Standard 1500 910 o 1830A F113X 2505A...

Страница 8: ...f even importance a detailed written description of the problem should be attached to the instrument Many times repair turnaround is unnecessarily delayed due to a lack of repair instructions or of a detailed description of the problem This description should include information such as measurement range and other instrument settings type of components being tested are the symptoms intermittent co...

Страница 9: ...the processing and repair process RMA Instrument Model Serial Number Company Technical Contact Phone Number Additional Contact Info Repair Instructions Evaluation Calibration Only Repair Only Repair Calibration Z540 Extra Charge Detailed Symptoms Include information such as measurement range instrument settings type of components being tested is the problem intermittent When is the problem most fr...

Страница 10: ...tion within the country in which the TEGAM service center is located The customer shall be responsible for paying all shipping duties taxes and additional costs if the product is transported to any other locations Repaired products are warranted for the remaining balance of the original warranty or 90 days whichever period is longer Warranty Limitations The TEGAM Inc warranty does not apply to def...

Страница 11: ...oper Equipment Connecting this device to any other type of circuit or may result in permanent damage to the components Additionally the heater elements used for the internal heater are designed to be used only with the heater control circuits found in TEGAM Models 1830A 1820B 1806A 1806 and 1805B Connecting these heater elements to any other circuit or device may result in damage Contact TEGAM for...

Страница 12: ...d Installation Do Not Use in Explosive Environments CAUTION The 1505A and 2505A are not designed for operation in explosive environments Do Not Operate Without Covers WARNING This device should be operated with all panels and covers in place Operation with missing panels or covers could result in personal injury ...

Страница 13: ...oaxial RF Power Standards are configured to provide a path for RF energy via a coaxial line DC Bias is introduced from the Bias terminals to the thermistors Temperature Variable Resistance Each RF Standard contains a pair of thermistor beads whereby the resistance changes as a function of temperature Thermistor bead temperature is a function of the combined DC and RF power applied to the beads and...

Страница 14: ...stant power causes the common point divider to become a constant voltage point This means the source impedance at both splitter output ports is determined by the 50 ohm resistor and the output connector This provides very good source match In addition the power is split equally between the two ports Controlling Thermistor Temperature Since thermistor mounts are temperature sensitive devices it is ...

Страница 15: ...ptions Figure 4 1 TEGAM 2505A Connectors RF IN connector SMA female connector connects to signal generator output The RF power that comes in this connector is applied equally to the DUT and the power standard The fact that equal RF power is applied to both the power standard and the DUT is what allows the determination the calibration factor of the DUT There is at least 6 dB and as much as 8 5 dB ...

Страница 16: ...able CA 29 48 RF INPUT connector Type N male coaxial connector where RF power to be measured is applied Connecting RF Power Standards The TEGAM RF Standards are an element of a system and is not a stand alone instrument The 2505A and 1505A RF Power Standard can only be connected to the TEGAM 1830A 1806A and 1806 Unlike other TEGAM RF Power Standards the bias and temperature are connected through o...

Страница 17: ...user must know that the measurement is accurate and there is traceability to a known standard All diode thermo electric and thermistor power sensors have calibration factors associated to particular frequencies that are used to insure an accurate power measurement Technicians and engineers use these calibration factors when making measurements but where do these calibration factors really come fro...

Страница 18: ...𝑃𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 𝑃𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 Because power sensors are always imperfect loads additional analysis and sometimes correction is required Figure 4 1 shows a signal flow diagram of two one port devices connected together The left hand port is the output or generator port and is designated on the diagram using the subscript g The right hand port is the input or load port and is designated using the subscript l It s cle...

Страница 19: ...ram 𝑏𝑔 𝑏𝑠 Γ𝑔𝑎𝑔 But also 𝑎𝑔 𝑏𝑙 Γ𝑙𝑎𝑙 Γ𝑙𝑏𝑔 So substituting the second equation into the first 𝑏𝑔 𝑏𝑠 Γ𝑙Γ𝑔𝑏𝑔 And then re arrange to collect bg 𝑏𝑔 𝑏𝑠 1 Γ𝑙Γ𝑔 Now rewrite as power substituting in 𝑃 𝑔𝑧0 𝑏𝑠 2 and 𝑃𝑖 𝑏𝑔 2 𝑃𝑖 𝑃 𝑔𝑧0 1 Γ𝑙Γ𝑔 2 s b g a a r i d P P P Γ 2 a Pi 2 b Pr g Γ s g g g b a b Γ b a Γ 1 1 Figure 4 3 Signal Flow Diagram ...

Страница 20: ... terms are the reflection scattering parameter of the respective port noted in the subscript Gamma is a complex vector with scalar values denoting the real and imaginary magnitudes Γ 𝜌 𝜙 𝜌 cos 𝜙 i𝜌sin 𝜙 In the general transfer equation the term 1 Γ𝑀Γ𝐹 2 is the scalar gamma correction or port match term Inside the absolute value brackets however is a vector subtraction Expanding out to make the ang...

Страница 21: ...nts the probable error of the transfer Since we can t know the angles in an uncorrected transfer we let cos take its limits of 1 and say that the uncertainty of the uncorrected transfer is 2𝜌𝑀𝜌𝐹 That is a little pessimistic because that is worst case rather than probable but it s what the industry usually does Unless the rhos were measured on a scalar analyzer we have to use manufacturer s worst c...

Страница 22: ...10 TEGAM WAY GENEVA OHIO 44041 440 466 6100 FAX 440 466 6110 www tegam com 4 8 Section IV Operating Instructions Figure 4 4 Relationship between calibration factor gamma and effective efficiency ...

Страница 23: ...onnectors Also inspect the connector interfaces for the following Bent pins male Bent or missing tines female Worn or chipped plating Damaged or displaced dielectric inserts Thread damage Folded or mushroomed outer interface rims Mushroomed pin shoulders male or tine ends female Score lines on pins and outer interface rims visible to the unaided eye Recessed or protruding pins It is advisable to c...

Страница 24: ... connectors have been properly mated apply only the proper amount of torque Over torque damages both connectors involved Also a connector which has been damaged by over torque in turn damages every connector to which it is subsequently mated It usually leads to poor system performance as well Over torque can cause Bent pins Recessed or protruding pins Recessed or protruding dielectrics Chipped pla...

Страница 25: ...isopropyl alcohol Roll the swab on a paper towel to remove excess Use the moistened cotton swab to wipe away debris Do not try to dissolve the debris by over wetting the swab Repeat the cleaning process using additional swabs as necessary If metallic particles are embedded in the dielectric use an eyeglass and a sharp pick in an attempt to dislodge them Swab again When satisfied that the interface...

Страница 26: ...nformation o Any error messages that appeared on the power meter display o Any information on the performance of the Power Standard 2 Use the original packaging materials or a strong shipping container The carton must be both large enough and strong enough to accommodate the power standard and allow at least three to four inches on all sides of the power standard for packing material 3 Seal the sh...

Страница 27: ...ored for extended periods pack the instrument into a container Place container in a clean dry temperature controlled location If instrument is to be stored in excess of 90 days place desiccant with items before sealing container The safe environmental limits for storage are 55 to 75 C 67 to 167 F at less than 95 non condensing relative humidity ...

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