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Gluten
Gluten is the protein in the wheat that makes the dough elastic. Gluten is usually available at
most health food and bulk stores and is sometimes used in small portions with dense, low gluten
flours such as a whole-wheat to increase volume and lighten texture.
Cake flour
Cake flour is low gluten/protein flour and is specially designed for use in cake recipes. It is not
recommended for bread recipes.
Self-rising flour
Self-rising flours contain unnecessary leavening ingredients that will interfere with bread and
cake making. It is not recommended for use in your bread maker.
Bran
Bran (unprocessed) and wheat germ are the coarse outer portions of the wheat or rye grains
separated from the flour. They are often added in small quantities to bread for nutritional
enrichment, heartiness and flavour. They are also used to enhance the texture of bread.
Cornmeal and oatmeal
Cornmeal and oatmeal come from the coarsely ground white or yellow corn and from rolled
or steel-cut oats. They are used primarily to enhance the flavour and texture of bread.
Cracked wheat
Cracked wheat is very coarse in texture. It comes from wheat kernels cut into angular
fragments. It gives whole grain bread a nutty flavour and crunchy texture.
Seven-grain cereal blend
Seven-grain cereal blend is a blend of cracked wheat, oats, bran, rye, cornmeal, flax seeds
and hulled millet.
Yeast
Yeast, through a fermentation process procedures gas (carbon dioxide) necessary to make
bread rise. Yeast must be able to feed on sugar and flour carbohydrates in order to produce
this gas. Active dry granular yeast is used in all recipes that call for yeast. There are basically
four different types of yeast available; fresh, dry, quick-rising and bread machine. It is
recommended that traditional dry yeast be used, however, quick-rising yeast can also be used
in lesser amounts. Fresh or compressed cake yeast is not recommended, as they will produce
poor results.
Yeast must always be stored in a refrigerator to keep it fresh. Too much heat will kill it. Ensure
that your yeast is opened, it is important that the remaining contents be immediately resealed
and refrigerated as soon as possible for future use. Often bread or dough, which fails to rise, is
due to stale yeast being used. The following test can be done to determine whether your yeast
is stale and inactive:
Place ½ cup of lukewarm water into a small bowl or cup.
Stir 1 tsp of sugar into the water then sprinkle 2 tsp of yeast over the surface.
Place the cup in a warm area and allow sitting for 10 minutes undisturbed.
