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Dynamics Processing 101 - Continued

Soft-Knee / Hard-Knee

In order to prevent harsh, unnatural envelopes on compressed signals, sophisticated dynamics processors like

the S gate 4 feature an SKD (Smart Knee Detector) or automatic knee circuit. The Smart Knee Detector auto-

matically switches from Soft-Knee when the signal is less than 10 dB over Threshold, to Hard-Knee when the

signal is 10db above Threshold. In Soft-Knee mode, there is a gradual effect on gain change, which begins as the

signal approaches the Threshold level. In Hard-Knee mode, gain reduction is linear based on the Threshold and

Ratio controls. Any signal that falls below the Threshold level will be unprocessed.

Noise Gates

Noise gates are used to remove unwanted noise and/or bleed from recorded tracks in the studio or from open

microphones in live sound systems. Noise gates can also be used as a sound effect, most commonly to chop the

end of a reverb, letʼs say on a snare drum, so that the entire snare sound ends just before the beat. The basic

principle of a noise gate is to work as an automatic mute switch. Mute off (Gate Open) when the desired signal

is present and mute on (Gate Closed) when the desired signal is not present. In order to get the gate to work

predictably, it is necessary to set a threshold, or trigger level that will determine when the gate will open. If the

signal is below the trigger, the gate will remain closed. When the signal is above the trigger, the gate will trigger

open allowing the desired signal to pass and be heard. Noise gates often have other adjustable controls like

attack, hold, range and release. Many noise gates like the S gate 4 use sophisticated circuits to control some of

these parameters automatically.

Downward Expander

The purpose of a well-designed Downward Expander is to increase the perceived dynamic range of a system.

This is accomplished by decreasing the gain during the softer sections, thereby lowering the relative noise floor.

When the signal level is below the desired trigger level, the expander lowers the overall gain by the selected

amount.

Limiter

A Limiter is a specific form of a compressor configured to prevent peaks and for general overload protection. It is

often characterized by a high ratio setting (10 or above), as well as a relatively high threshold level.

Stereo Link Mode

The S gate 4 can be configured from dual-mono operation to stereo by using the Stereo Link switch. In Stereo

Link mode, Channel 2 functions are controlled by the settings of Channel 1 with the exception of IN/OUT, KEY

and LIMITER. The same holds true for Channels 3 and 4.

Содержание S-Gate 4

Страница 1: ...0 20 4 dBu mSec Sec Sec 3 300 20 01 4 1 5 02 5 1 80 40 CH 2 1 RANGE ATTACK RELEASE dB HOLD TRIGGER HIGH LOW LINK KEY LISTEN DUCKER IN OUT IN OUT GAIN REDUCTION dB 30 18 12 24 6 4 1 2 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 20 4 dBu mSec Sec Sec 3 300 20 01 4 1 5 02 5 1 80 40 CH 3 1 RANGE ATTACK RELEASE dB HOLD TRIGGER HIGH LOW KEY LISTEN DUCKER GAIN REDUCTION dB 30 18 12 24 6 4 1 2 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 20 4 dBu mSec...

Страница 2: ...ese instructions for future reference 3 Please heed all safety warnings 4 Follow manufacturerʼs instructions 5 Do not use this unit near water or moisture 6 Clean only with a damp cloth 7 Do not block any of the ventilation openings Install in accordance with the manufacturerʼs instructions 8 Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other apparatus including ...

Страница 3: ...nal 7 Using The Filters 8 Using The Ducker 9 Dynamics Processing 101 10 11 Applications 12 System Set ups 13 14 S gate 4 Connections 15 Block Diagrahm 16 Specifications 17 18 Copyright 2001 Samson Technologies Corp Printed October 2001 Samson Technologies Corp 575 Underhill Blvd P O Box 9031 Syosset NY 11791 9031 Phone 1 800 3 SAMSON 1 800 372 6766 Fax 516 364 3888 www samsontech com ...

Страница 4: ...f envelope controls including Threshold Attack Release Hold and Range facilitate a wide range of applications from a subtle clean up of a vocal track to a drastic effect like gating reverb chambers With proper care and adequate air circulation your S gate 4 will operate trouble free for many years We rec ommend you record your serial number in the space provided below for future reference Serial n...

Страница 5: ... 2 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 20 4 dBu mSec Sec Sec 3 300 20 01 4 1 5 02 5 1 80 40 CH 4 KEY KEY KEY KEY 4 CHANNEL GATE Full featured four channel Noise Gate with Expander and Ducker on each channel in a sin glespace 19 rack mount unit Extensive envelope control including Threshold Attack Hold and Release control for each channel DFT Dual FilterTrigger for precise and predictable triggering Range control...

Страница 6: ... dBu mSec Sec Sec 3 300 20 01 4 1 25 02 5 1 100 40 CH 2 CH 2 TRIGGE HIGH LOW 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 dBu CH 3 KEY KEY 2 12 14 15 16 17 3 1 19 20 18 5 4 21 6 13 4 CHANNEL EXPANDER GATE 7 CHANNEL 3 CONTROLS The same knob and switch complement as Channel 1 8 STEREO LINK SWITCH 3 4 When engaged chan nel 4 functions are controlled by the settings on chan nel 3 9 CHANNEL 4 CONTROLS The same knob and switch...

Страница 7: ...orexternalcon 16 KEYINSERT trolandprocessingofthechannel sSideChain 17 HOLDCONTROL Usedtosettheamountoftimebeforethe gatestartstoclosewithavariablerangeof 01to4seconds 18 RELEASECONTROL Adjuststhelengthoftimethegatetakes 18 RELEASECONTROL Adjuststhelengthoftimethegatetakes 18 RELEASECONTROL toreturn tothelevelsetontheRangecontrolcoveringarange of 02to5seconds 19 DUCKER SWITCH Configures the channe...

Страница 8: ...NTROL 60 KEY SWITCH OUT ATTACK CONTROL 20 KEY LISTEN OUT HOLD CONTROL 5 RELEASE CONTROL 5 SEC DUCKER SWITCH OUT RANGE CONTROL 80 IN OUT OUT 0 RANGE ATTACK RELEASE dB HOLD TRIGGER HIGH LOW LINK KEY LISTEN DUCKER IN OUT IN OUT GAIN REDUCTION dB 30 24 18 27 12 6 1 2 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 20 4 dBu mSec Sec Sec 3 300 20 07 4 1 25 02 5 1 100 40 CH 1 ATTACK TRIGGER HIGH LOW KEY L 3 30 Hz 3K 1 10 KHz 50 20...

Страница 9: ...he gate as fast as possible when the desired signal is on and close the gate as fast as possible when the desired sound is off The problem is that when the gate is opening and closing it is putting a new envelope on the hiss buzz and noise you are trying to remove This results in unwant ed sounds like pops and zips DONʼT SWEAT You can get rid of these unwanted noise artifacts by adjusting the ATTA...

Страница 10: ... recording with a contemporary up front drum track Set the High filter control to the 9 00 position which is 250 Hz You should immediately hear the bass drum breaking through the gate By engaging the filter you have just created an EQ curve with a band pass of 30Hz to 250Hz on the gateʼs trigger detector The result is only the low energy from the kick drum will cause the gate to trigger open You c...

Страница 11: ...tput and con nect to the channel one KEY input on the S gate 4ʼs rear panel Set both channelʼs controls to the default positions as described in the section Setting Up the S gate 4 Set the RANGE control on both channels to 40 Press the DUCKER and KEY switches to the IN position Press the channel one and two IN OUT switch to the IN position and engage the LINK switch Play some music from a sound so...

Страница 12: ...f a sound than just controlling gain To understand how a compressor works it is necessary to become familiar with the basic parameters which include threshold ratio attack time and release time Threshold Threshold is the level that once the signal exceeds gain reduction is applied The normal range of adjustment for the threshold level is 40 to 20 dBu If the threshold level is set above the highest...

Страница 13: ...t present In order to get the gate to work predictably it is necessary to set a threshold or trigger level that will determine when the gate will open If the signal is below the trigger the gate will remain closed When the signal is above the trigger the gate will trigger open allowing the desired signal to pass and be heard Noise gates often have other adjustable controls like attack hold range a...

Страница 14: ...ally played its microphone is merely picking up unwanted sound from other instruments on stage This adds a lot of unwanted mush in the mix and also adds to feedback problems Set the controls so that the gate opens only when the tom tom is played This same tech nique is useful on drums that have been recorded on individual tracks By using the Gate to mute the bleed of the other drums you can effect...

Страница 15: ...10 5 0 10 5 20 30 40 50 60 10 5 0 10 5 20 30 40 50 60 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT AUX 2 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT SOLO 10 5 0 10 5 20 30 40 50 60 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT ...

Страница 16: ... 20 30 40 50 60 10 5 0 10 5 20 30 40 50 60 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT AUX 2 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT SOLO 10 5 0 10 5 20 30 40 50 60 HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT HF 12K 0 15 10 10 5 5 15 LF 80Hz 0 15 10 5 15 5 10 AUX 5 0 10 PAN LEFT RIGHT SOLO 10 5 0...

Страница 17: ...ut and output patch points that interrupt the channel or bus signal so that external processors can be connected Channel insert points are ideal for connecting to when using the S gate 4 to gate a single channel like a vocal bass or guitar Bus insert points are ideal for gating groups of instruments like vocals strings or drums If you are connecting to a channelʼs insert points you may have a sing...

Страница 18: ...KER 4dBu OUTPUT VCA BYPASS OUT IN OUT IN KEY LISTEN EXTERNAL KEY INPUT 4 CHANNEL GATE DUCKER I O XLR PIN 1 PIN 2 PIN 3 GND HOT COLD I O 1 4 TIP RING SLEEVE HOT COLD GND 1 4 KEY TIP RING SLEEVE RETURN SEND GND DETECTOR FILTERS LP HP GATE LED s TRIGGER ATTACK HOLD RELEASE RANGE FILTER www samsontech com Designed and Engineered in the United States by Samson Technologies C O N N E C T I O N S ...

Страница 19: ... variable 0 3 to 3000ms Release variable 0 02 to 5 sec Hold variable 0 01 to 4 sec Range variable 0 to 100 dB DUCKER Section RANGE variable 1 to 100 dB Function Switches Link Linking two channels for stereo operation Channel 1 becomes master for Channel 2 Channel 3 becomes master for Channel 4 Filter Key Listen Ducker In Out Meters LED s Gain Reduction 8 segment LED display 30 24 18 12 6 4 2 1 dB ...

Страница 20: ...30 Ohms unbalanced Max Output Level 21 dBu balanced and unbalanced Power Supply Power Supply Mains Voltages selectable USA Canada 120 V AC 60 Hz U K Australia 240 V AC 50 Hz Europe 230 V AC 50 Hz Fuse 100 120 V AC 250 mA slow blow 200 240 V AC 125 mA slow blow Power Consumption 5 Watts Power inlet Standard IEC receptacle with fuse Size Dimensions 1 3 4 44 5 mm H x 19 482 6 mm x 7 3 4 196 9 mm Weig...

Страница 21: ......

Страница 22: ...Samson Technologies Corp 575 Underhill Blvd P O Box 9031 Syosset NY 11791 9031 Phone 1 800 3 SAMSON 1 800 372 6766 Fax 516 364 3888 www samsontech com sg4omv2 sg4omv2 ...

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