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22 | SAMLEX AMERICA INC. SAMLEX AMERICA INC. | 23
Equalization Charging
General Information on Equalization
!
CAUTION!
• Equalization is carried out only for non-sealed / vented / flooded / wet
cell Lead Acid batteries.
• Do not equalize Lithium batteries.
• Do not equalize sealed / VRLA type of AGM / Gel Cell batteries unless
permitted by the battery manufacturer
• Top up the electrolyte with distilled water after completion of
equalization.
• Excessive overcharging and gassing too vigorously can damage the
battery plates and cause shedding of active material from the plates. An
equalization that is too high or for too long can be damaging. Review
the requirements for the particular battery being used in your system.
• There should be no load on the batteries and there should be full bright
sun for the entire day (no shade or clouds) to ensure that maximum
available current from the panels can be used to equalize the batteries.
• The Short Circuit Current of the panels should be at least 5% to 10% of
the Ah capacity of the battery bank
Equalization is intentional overcharging of the battery for controlled period of time.
Routine equalization cycles are often vital to the performance and life of a battery —
particularly in a solar system where peak sun hours per day are limited and variable
and may not be sufficient to keep the battery in a fully charged condition. Periodic
Equalization is carried out for proper health and long life of a Lead Acid battery to
prevent / reduce the following undesirable effects:
Sulfation: If the charging process is not complete due to the inability of the charger
to provide the required voltage levels or if the battery is left uncharged for a long
duration of time, the soft Lead Sulfate crystals on the Positive and Negative plates
that are formed during discharging / self discharge are not fully converted back to
Lead Dioxide on the Positive plate and Sponge Lead on the Negative plate and get
hardened and are difficult to dislodge through normal charging. These crystals are
non-conducting and hence, introduce increased internal resistance in the battery. This
increased internal resistance introduces internal voltage drop during charging and
discharging. Voltage drop during charging results in overheating and undercharging
and formation of more Lead Sulfate crystals. Voltages drop on discharging results in
overheating and excessive voltage drop in the terminal voltage of the battery. Overall,
this results in poor performance of the battery. Sulfation may be reduced partially by
the stirring / mixing action of the electrolyte due to gassing and bubbling because of
intentional overcharging during the Equalization Stage.
SECTION 4 | Principle of Operation & Features