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Glossary
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RGB
The red-green-blue color model used in computer monitors. The color of each pixel in
an image is made up of a red component, a blue component, and a green component.
In a full-color (24 bits per pixel) image, each component can be one of 256 values,
from zero (darkest) to 255 (lightest). If all three components have a value of zero, the
pixel is perceived as black. If all three components have a value of 255, the pixel is
perceived as white. Compare with
YUV .
sample rate
The number of times per second that a digital sample is taken of an analog audio
source. Expressed in kHz. Higher sample rates result in a more accurate reproduction
of the original sound. The sample rate for audio CD and VCD is 44.1 kHz; for DVD-
Video, the sample rate is 48 kHz.
sample size
The number of bits allocated to each digital sample of an analog audio source. Larger
sample sizes result in greater dynamic range and better reproduction of the original
sound. DVD-Video supports sample sizes of 16, 20, or 24 bits.
SAP
Secondary audio program. An extra audio track that is broadcast with some TV
programs. The SAP track may contain the same program audio in a different language
(for example, English-language sports programs in the U.S. sometimes use the SAP
track for Spanish commentary), or it can be used for other services such as video
descriptions for the visually impaired. Some DVD+VR recorders let you record both
the main and SAP audio tracks and switch between them on playback.
scan line
One of the horizontal lines on a TV screen. NTSC and PAL TVs have different
numbers of scan lines although the screens are the same shape.
SECAM
Séquentiel couleur avec mémoire (sequential color with memory). A TV transmission
standard that is similar to PAL. The DVD-Video format does not support SECAM, so
DVD players in SECAM countries play PAL-format discs and
transcode the signal to
SECAM.
sequence
header
Part of an MPEG video stream. The sequence header contains information about the
video stream, such as aspect ratio, bit rate, picture resolution, and frame rate. The
DVD specification requires a sequence header before every GOP.
stream
Data that must be read and processed in a linear sequence, such as digital video and
audio. Also known as a track.
subpictures
Simple 4-bit images that are displayed on top of video. In DVD menus, subpictures
are used to create button highlights that change color and/or opacity when the button
is selected and activated.
TARGA
A bitmap graphics file format developed by Pinnacle Systems, Inc. Files have the
extension .
tga, .vda, .icb, or .vst .
thumbnail
A small picture that represents the contents of an asset, menu, title, or playlist.
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