JM-5 MIDI Implementation
14
4. Supplementary material
●
Decimal and Hexadecimal table
(An “H” is appended to the end of numbers in hexadecimal notation.)
In MIDI documentation, data values and addresses/sizes of Exclusive messag-
es, etc. are expressed as hexadecimal values for each 7 bits.
The following table shows how these correspond to decimal numbers.
• Decimal values such as MIDI channel, bank select, and program change
are listed as one greater than the values given in the above table.
• A 7-bit byte can express data in the range of 128 steps. For data where
greater precision is required, we must use two or more bytes. For exam-
ple, two hexadecimal numbers aa bbH expressing two 7-bit bytes would
indicate a value of aa x 128+bb.
• In the case of values which have a +/– sign, 00H = –64, 40H = +/–0, and
7FH = +63, so that the decimal expression would be 64 less than the
value given in the above chart.
In the case of two types, 00 00H = –8192, 40 00H = +/–0, and 7F 7FH =
+8191. For example, if aa bbH were expressed as decimal, this would be
aa bbH - 40 00H = aa x 128+bb –64 x 128.
• Data marked “Use nibbled data” is expressed in hexadecimal in 4-bit
units. A value expressed as a 2-byte nibble 0a 0bH has the value of a x
16+b.
●
Examples of actual MIDI messages
[Example 1] 92 3E 5F
9n is the Note-on status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since 2H = 2, 3EH=
62, and 5FH = 95, this is a Note-on message with MIDI CH = 3, note number
62 (note name is D4), and velocity 95.
[Example 2] CE 49
CnH is the Program Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. Since
EH = 14 and 49H = 73, this is a Program Change message with MIDI CH = 15,
program number 74 (Flute in GS).
[Example 3] EA 00 28
EnH is the Pitch Bend Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. The
2nd byte (00H = 0) is the LSB and the 3rd byte (28H = 40) is the MSB, but Pitch
Bend Value is a signed number in which 40 00H (= 64 x 12+80 = 8192) is 0, so
this Pitch Bend Value is 28 00H - 40 00H = 40 x 12+80 - (64 x 12+80) = 5120
–8192 = –3072 If the Pitch Bend Sensitivity is set to 2 semitones, -8192 (00
00H) will cause the pitch to change -200 cents, so in this case -200 x (-3072) ÷
(-8192) = -75 cents of Pitch Bend is being applied to MIDI channel 11.
[Example 4] B3 64 00 65 00 06 0C 26 00 64 7F 65 7F
BnH is the Control Change status, and n is the MIDI channel number. For Con-
trol Changes, the 2nd byte is the control number, and the 3rd byte is the value.
In a case in which two or more messages consecutive messages have the
same status, MIDI has a provision called “running status” which allows the sta-
tus byte of the second and following messages to be omitted. Thus, the above
messages have the following meaning.
40 2x 28
00 00 01
00~7F
CAf LFO2 PITCH DEPTH
0~600 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 29
00 00 01
00~7F
CAf LFO2 TVF DEPTH
0~2400 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 2A
00 00 01
00~7F
CAf LFO2 TVA DEPTH
0~100.0 [%]
00
0 [%]
40 2x 30
00 00 01
28~58
PAf PITCH CONTROL
-24~+24 [semitones]
40
0 [semitones]
40 2x 31
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600~+9600 [cents]
40
0 [cents]
40 2x 32
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf AMPLITUDE CONTROL
-100.0~+100.0 [%]
40
0 [%]
40 2x 33
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO1 RATE CONTROL
-10.0~+10.0 [Hz]
40
0 [Hz]
40 2x 34
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO1 PITCH DEPTH
0~600 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 35
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO1 TVF DEPTH
0~2400 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 36
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO1 TVA DEPTH
0~100.0 [%]
00
0 [%]
40 2x 37
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO2 RATE CONTROL
-10.0~+10.0 [Hz]
40
0 [Hz]
40 2x 38
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO2 PITCH DEPTH
0~600 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 39
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO2 TVF DEPTH
0~2400 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 3A
00 00 01
00~7F
PAf LFO2 TVA DEPTH
0~100.0 [%]
00
0 [%]
• All PAf control parameters are ignored whenever you use sounds (XV patches) with CC 00 values ranging from 80 to 91.
40 2x 40
00 00 01
28~58
CC1 PITCH CONTROL
-24~+24 [semitones]
40
0 [semitones]
40 2x 41
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 TVF CUTOFF CONTROL -9600~+9600 [cents]
40
0 [cents]
40 2x 42
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 AMPLITUDE CONTROL -100.0~+100.0 [%]
40
0 [%]
40 2x 43
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO1 RATE CONTROL
-10.0~+10.0 [Hz]
40
0 [Hz]
40 2x 44
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO1 PITCH DEPTH
0~600 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 45
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO1 TVF DEPTH
0~2400 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 46
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO1 TVA DEPTH
0~100.0 [%]
00
0 [%]
40 2x 47
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO2 RATE CONTROL
-10.0~+10.0 [Hz]
40
0 [Hz]
40 2x 48
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO2 PITCH DEPTH
0~600 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 49
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO2 TVF DEPTH
0~2400 [cents]
00
0 [cents]
40 2x 4A
00 00 01
00~7F
CC1 LFO2 TVA DEPTH
0~100.0 [%]
00
0 [%]
• You may not always be able to obtain the desired effect by modifying the LFO 1 and LFO 2 parameters.
Dec.
Hex.
Dec.
Hex.
Dec.
Hex.
Dec.
Hex.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
00H
01H
02H
03H
04H
05H
06H
07H
08H
09H
0AH
0BH
0CH
0DH
0EH
0FH
10H
11H
12H
13H
14H
15H
16H
17H
18H
19H
1AH
1BH
1CH
1DH
1EH
1FH
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
20H
21H
22H
23H
24H
25H
26H
27H
28H
29H
2AH
2BH
2CH
2DH
2EH
2FH
30H
31H
32H
33H
34H
35H
36H
37H
38H
39H
3AH
3BH
3CH
3DH
3EH
3FH
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
40H
41H
42H
43H
44H
45H
46H
47H
48H
49H
4AH
4BH
4CH
4DH
4EH
4FH
50H
51H
52H
53H
54H
55H
56H
57H
58H
59H
5AH
5BH
5CH
5DH
5EH
5FH
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
60H
61H
62H
63H
64H
65H
66H
67H
68H
69H
6AH
6BH
6CH
6DH
6EH
6FH
70H
71H
72H
73H
74H
75H
76H
77H
78H
79H
7AH
7BH
7CH
7DH
7EH
7FH
[Example 1] What is the decimal expression of 5AH ?
From the preceding table, 5AH = 90
[Example 2] What is the decimal expression of the value 12 34H given as
hexadecimal for each 7 bits?
From the preceding table, since 12H = 18 and 34H = 52
18 x 128+52 = 2356
[Example 3] What is the decimal expression of the nibbled value 0A 03 09
0D ?
From the preceding table, since 0AH = 10, 03H = 3, 09H = 9, 0DH = 13
((10 x 16+3) x 16+9) x 16+13 = 41885
[Example 4] What is the nibbled expression of the decimal value 1258?
16) 1258
16) 78 ... 10
16) 4 ... 14
0 … 4
Since from the preceding table, 0 = 00H, 4 = 04H, 14 = 0EH, 10 = 0AH,
the result is: 00 04 0E 0AH.
B3
64 00
MIDI ch.4, lower byte of RPN parameter number:
00H
(B3) 65 00
(MIDI ch.4) upper byte of RPN parameter number: 0
0H
(B3) 06 0C
(MIDI ch.4) upper byte of parameter value:
0CH
