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8 Glossar
DSL:
„Digital Subscriber Line“
DSL is a telecommunication technology that provides a fast, permanent connection to the Internet by using
the two-wire copper cable found in almost every home and office.
Either the same range is available for the transmission in each direction, or however - that is the more
often the case - the channel for receiving data (Downstream) is more efficient than for sending data
(Upstream). There are several types of DSL and xDSL refers to the family of DSL technologies:
The most common techniques permit 1.5 to 1.6 Mbps (megabit per second), which is at least 15 times
faster than an ISDN connection.
ADSL:
„Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line“
The most common form of DSL is ADSL
It entails one high-speed, unidirectional data channel and one low-speed, bidirectional control channel (ma-
king it asynchronous). Basically, this means you can download faster than you can upload. ADSL supports
data rates to 8 Mbps when receiving data (known as the downstream rate) and rates up to
1 Mbps when sending data (known as the upstream rate).
LAN:
„Local Area Network“
A local communication network in a relatively small, predetermined area (such as a room, a building, or a set
of buildings) consisting of one or more computers (LAN Server), workstations, a network operating system,
an uniform protocol and special cables as communication line.
Server:
A server is the control computer on a LAN, meaning it controls the software, access to printers and other
parts of the network. It houses information and responds to requests for information.
Ethernet:
Network protocol for local networks
Ethernet represents the most common technology for the connection of local networks (LANs).
Protocol:
A specification that describes how computers talk to each other on a network. A protocol is an established
method of exchanging data over the Internet.
The most common protocols are : HTTP, IP, POP, PPP, SMTP, TCP/IP
DHCP:
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„Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol“
A protocol that provides a mean to allocate IP address dynamically to computers on a LAN. It eliminates the
need to manually assign permanent IP addresses.
TCP/IP:
„Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol“
The TCP/IP is the Standard-Internet-Protocol.
The Internet-Protocol (IP) specifies the transmission route for the data packages. The TCP protocol
guarantees that all sent bytes will be received correctly. TCP/IP is therefor a „routable“ protocol.
IP AdDress:
„Internet Protocol“-Address;
A numeric address that is given to computers connected to the Internet.
Gateway:
A system for exchanging information across networks that are incompatible and use different protocols.
Basically, a gateway is a combination of hardware and software that connects two different types of
networks so that information can get exchanged. The hardware devices (called „bridges“) and the
computer programs perform the necessary translations.
Subnet Mask:
A number used to identify a subnet work so that an IP address can be shared on a LAN.
An IP address has two components, the network address and the host address.
DNS:
The Domain Name System (DNS) helps users to find their way around the Internet. Every computer on the
Internet has a unique address -just like a telephone number- which is a rather complicated string of num-
bers. It is called „IP address.“ But it is hard to remember everyone‘s IP address. The DNS makes it
easier by allowing a familiar string of letters (the „domain name“) to be used instead of the arcane
IP address.
PPP:
„Point to Point Protocol“
The PPP is a data transmission protocol in the internet, which is used for modem-connections.
PPPoE:
„PPP over Ethernet“
PPPoE is the use of the network protocol PPP over an Ethernet-connection. PPPoE is needed today for the
use of an ADSL connection (specially in Germany).
PPTP:
„Point to Point Tunneling Protocol“
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