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TARGAS-1 Operation Manual V. 1.02 

158 

[email protected] 

 

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

=

𝒃𝒃

 

In this case the value of 

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

/

𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

 is calculated from a linear regression of the C and T data. 

Correction for water vapor increase on CO

2

 efflux 

 
In addition to the influx of CO

2

 from soil, a closed chamber system can also experience an increase in 

H

2

O due to evapotranspiration from soil or plants.  This added H

2

O dilutes the remaining CO

2

 and 

requires a compensation in a similar way to equation 

(A.13)

. 

 
For total moles of air in the chamber of

 

𝑾𝑾

, 

(2.7)

 the moles of H

2

O added to the chamber is  

𝑬𝑬

=  

(

𝒆𝒆

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

−𝒆𝒆

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

)

(

𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎−

 

𝒆𝒆

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

)

 ,  

where 

𝒆𝒆

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

 and 

𝒆𝒆

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 are H

2

O concentrations in mmol mol

-1

. 

 
The initial moles CO

2

 in the system = 

𝑪𝑪

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

 ×  

𝑾𝑾

, where 

𝑪𝑪

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

 is CO

2

 concentration in mol mol

-1

. 

 
Then, the final moles CO

2

 in the system = 

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 × (

𝑾𝑾

+

𝑬𝑬

)

, where 

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 is CO

2

 concentration in mol mol

-

1

. 

 
 

(2.8)

 The change in moles of CO

2

 is

 (

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 × (

𝑾𝑾

+

𝑬𝑬

)

−

 (

𝑪𝑪

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

 ×  

𝑾𝑾

) =

�𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

− 𝑪𝑪

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

�𝑾𝑾

+ 

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 

𝑬𝑬

 

 
The term 

�𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

− 𝑪𝑪

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

�𝑾𝑾

 is equivalent to the 

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

/

𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

 term calculated above, and the 

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

 

𝑬𝑬

 term is the 

correction due to evapotranspiration. 
 

(2.9)

 So, with the H

2

O compensation, we have  

 

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

=

𝒃𝒃

+

𝑪𝑪

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

�

𝒆𝒆

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

− 𝒆𝒆

𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒐𝒐

𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 −

 

𝒆𝒆

𝒍𝒍𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒂𝒂𝒎𝒎

�

 

 
where 

𝒃𝒃

 can be either from the quadratic or linear fit. 

 

FCO

2

 Units for measurement of Soil CO

2

 Efflux 

 

(2.10)

 To give the CO

2

 flux in mass/unit area/unit time the following conversion is made: 

𝑭𝑭

𝑪𝑪𝑯𝑯𝟐𝟐

(g m

−2

hr

−1

) =

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪
𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

µ

mol

mol s ×

𝑷𝑷

1013 ×

273

273 +

𝑻𝑻

𝒂𝒂𝒊𝒊𝑯𝑯

  ×

44.009 g
22.414 L ×

𝑽𝑽

  m

3

𝑨𝑨

  m

2

×

mol

10

6

 

µ

mol ×

3600 s

hr ×

10

3

L

m

3

 

 

Where 

𝑪𝑪𝑪𝑪

/

𝑪𝑪𝑻𝑻

 is from eqn 1.9 from linear or quadratic fit and with H

2

O compensation 

𝑷𝑷

𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑

 is the correction for barometric pressure with P measured in mbar by the TARGAS-1, 

Содержание TARGAS-1

Страница 1: ...m Operation Manual Version 1 02 2018 PP Systems All Rights Reserved 21th February 2018 PP Systems 110 Haverhill Road Suite 301 Amesbury MA 01913 U S A Tel 1 978 834 0505 Fax 1 978 834 0545 Email suppo...

Страница 2: ...e 16 TARGAS 1 CO2 H2O Gas Analyzer 16 PLC5 Leaf Cuvette 17 Light Unit Optional 17 External Sensors Chambers for Use with TARGAS 1 17 Quantum Sensor 17 TRP 3 Temperature PAR Probe 18 SRC 2 Soil Respira...

Страница 3: ...31 Gas Ports 32 Flow Rate 32 USB Flash Drive Port 32 USB PC Port 32 Absorber Columns 33 Auto Zero Column 33 Molecular Sieve 33 Molecular Sieve Repackaging 34 CO2 H2O Control Columns 34 Soda Lime 34 Dr...

Страница 4: ...creen 48 Direct Link Settings 49 CO2r Setting 49 H2Or Setting 49 PARi Setting 50 Flow Setting 50 TLeaf Setting 51 Area Setting 51 Main Menu 52 Settings 52 Settings 1 Menu 52 Device Mode Settings 53 RB...

Страница 5: ...RC Flushing Step 5 72 SRC Start Measuring Step 6 72 Data Plot Screen Step 7 73 For more information on the theory and calculation of soil respiration canopy assimilation please refer to Mass Flow 74 T...

Страница 6: ...ess 91 Custom Start Process Step 1 91 Custom Volume and Area Settings Step 2 92 Custom Termination Settings Step 3 92 Custom Other Settings Step 4 93 Custom Prepare Chamber Step 5 94 Custom Start Meas...

Страница 7: ...ry Stick 119 Data Storage Format 120 Data Storage Measure Format Table 121 Measure Extension Code Format Tables 121 Digital Connection Methods 125 USB 125 Wireless 125 Digital Communication Protocols...

Страница 8: ...LC5 Gas Connector 149 PAR Sensor 149 Light Unit 149 Appendix 1 Photosynthesis Equations Used in TARGAS 1 150 Mass Flow 150 Transpiration 150 Leaf Temperature 151 Saturation Vapor Pressure 152 Stomatal...

Страница 9: ...CO2 H2O gas analyzer in both absolute and differential mode We greatly appreciate your business and we look forward to working with you and your research team for many years to come This manual and th...

Страница 10: ...on in the upper left hand corner Only REGISTERED users will be allowed access to the protected Users section of our web site This section will contain important product information including hardware...

Страница 11: ...u suspect that any of the items listed on the packing list are not included or damaged you must contact PP Systems or your authorized distributor immediately Storage Transport Case We highly recommend...

Страница 12: ...w system Most commercially available flash drives are compatible with the TARGAS 1 THEREFORE IT IS IMPERATIVE THAT YOU HAVE A USB FLASH DRIVE WITH YOU AT ALL TIMES IF YOU WANT TO RECORD DATA WITH YOUR...

Страница 13: ...e mini USB for connection to external PC Environmental Sensor Inputs 2 inputs available for use with external chambers and environmental sensors Alarm Visual and audible alarm warnings Data Storage US...

Страница 14: ...right to amend product specifications without notice All brand names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners Summary of System Design Overview and Theory The CO2 H2O gas ana...

Страница 15: ...r As the sample gas fills the cell it absorbs IR and the reduction in IR source strength is measured instantaneously by the detector The higher the target gas concentration the lower the infra red sig...

Страница 16: ...d 0 75 mb water vapor are ideally suited for most typical applications The TARGAS 1 features an Auto Zero function that corrects for nearly all changes that result in calibration drifts Auto Zero mini...

Страница 17: ...nse curves or for use on cloudy days The light unit clips onto the PLC5 Leaf Cuvette head and can easily be removed for measurement under ambient conditions Type LED white Measurement Range 0 2500 mol...

Страница 18: ...m cover It also includes a standard tripod thread mount for use with commercially available tripods The single gas connection for this probe is made to the Gas In port on the TARGAS 1 This sensor can...

Страница 19: ...ed one to the GAS IN port and the other to the GAS OUT port on the TARGAS 1 This sensor can be used on Probe Port 1 or 2 Dimensions 145 mm Height x 146 mm Diameter Area 167 cm2 Cable Length 1 5 meters...

Страница 20: ...le Length 1 5 meters Temperature Sensor Precision Thermistor Range 0 50 oC Accuracy 0 3 oC at 25 oC The soil temperature sensor should not require recalibration Getting Familiar with the TARGAS 1 Port...

Страница 21: ...ems com CO2 H2O scrubber status and manual Zero button Touch display Shoulder strap fixture one on each side of console Polyurethane shock absorbing base and battery compartment Adjustable Carry Handl...

Страница 22: ...ust from entering the analyzer See External Air Filter on page 140 for more information Power Switch External Power Charger socket Probe port 1 External Power LED Indicator PLC Electrical Probe port 2...

Страница 23: ...o keep the cuvette head open to avoid problems associated with compressed leaf gaskets which is a common source for leaks Light Unit Optional The optional light unit can be used with the PLC5 Leaf Cuv...

Страница 24: ...vette gas and signal connectors to the TARGAS 1 console as shown below and close the cuvette head 2 Connect the TARGAS 1 to the power supply provided by PP Systems to conserve power and power up the T...

Страница 25: ...to your TARGAS 1 console when supplied as a new instrument This value is also written on the Tested label on your leaf cuvette for additional reference purposes See RB Setting on page 54 for more info...

Страница 26: ...r volume i e 20 liter bucket large water container etc or using the air supply intake unit provided by PP Systems The air supply intake unit draws ambient air from about 2 3 meters above the ground an...

Страница 27: ...ve CO2 IRGA Molecular Sieve Filter Filter Filter Filter PLC AN IN Gas Measuring System Flow Sensor no C nc Air Control System nc C no AIR IN PLC Air Out REF OUT H2O Control Filter CO2 Control nc C no...

Страница 28: ...Molecular Sieve Reset the absorber column life after replacing the Molecular Sieve See Reset Zero Absorber on page 57 rb boundary layer resistance and RS Factor Make sure both are set properly for yo...

Страница 29: ...r Note if the TARGAS 1 is used with external sensors chambers it will reduce the battery life depending on the probe connected A discharged battery 0 capacity can be fully recharged in approximately 4...

Страница 30: ...xt inside a black box we refer to this as a button i e Main Pressing on these buttons will allow you to set up navigate and operate the TARGAS 1 Whenever a numeric value is required a keypad will appe...

Страница 31: ...r supply charger is connected to the EXT POWER jack on the back panel Probe Ports There are 2 digital PROBE PORTS available for powering chambers and sensors Probe port 1 supported probes sensors incl...

Страница 32: ...nsor for controlling flow rates Important Note If the flow rate cannot be maintained a low flow error message will be displayed in the status box Typically this is the result of flow restriction cause...

Страница 33: ...rtant Note It is critical that the Molecular Sieve is fresh to ensure that the TARGAS 1 receives a good zero for long term calibration and stability of the CO2 and H2O gas analyzers We recommend chang...

Страница 34: ...ot properly stored it will cause it to go bad and subsequently affect CO2 readings and calibration To ensure a good seal we also recommend putting some electrical tape around the screw top as shown he...

Страница 35: ...er making it an ideal choice for analyzer ZERO and for controlling H2O Both self indicting blue to pink and non indicating Drierite can be can be used with the TARGAS 1 It can be regenerated easily by...

Страница 36: ...as packing foam The foam filters at the bottom of each column will likely require more frequent changes versus the upper foam filters Re Order Information Part Number Description 30118 1 Filter Foam A...

Страница 37: ...t goes into the warm up period which is approximately 10 15 minutes and the Measure screen is displayed During and after the warm up period the user has the ability to navigate through the menus as sh...

Страница 38: ...ings 4 Menu Device Mode RB RS Fact Zero Graph Reset Abs Alarm Sound Averaging Intervals TARGAS ID Probe Port Ref On Time An On Time Alarms Flow Host Port Reset WiFi WiFi Power Set Clock Defaults Ship...

Страница 39: ...eing charged 3 The Record button saves data as a marked record in the USB memory stick and also sends the record to the host and WiFi ports Data can also be recorded by pressing the recording switch o...

Страница 40: ...any measurement screen Return to normal 1 second update rate will occur when Any screen button is pressed The heartbeat icon is pressed Any new CO2 reading is more than 10 changed from the previous C...

Страница 41: ...e Splash screen once the TARGAS 1 is powered up For the first 10 15 minutes the TARGAS 1 goes into a warm up period until it achieves its final temperature of 55 C and an Auto Zero is performed During...

Страница 42: ...arameter is user adjustable up to 2500 mol m 2 s 1 if a light unit is used Flow Cuvette Flow Rate cc min This parameter is user adjustable from 200 500 cc min and it is associated with the flow of air...

Страница 43: ...onductance mmol H2O m 2 S 1 E Transpiration mmol H2O m 2 S 1 Tleaf Leaf surface temperature oC This parameter is user adjustable VPD Vapor Pressure Deficit WUE Water Use Efficiency A E Area Exposed ar...

Страница 44: ...ixed range 0 10 mmols H2O m 2 s 1 Y axis Range and units are located under the graph on left side X axis X axis time fixed value of 3 minutes Left Arrow Goes back the previous screen Measure Screen 2...

Страница 45: ...ix parameters in real time Measure Screen 1 CO2r CO2 Reference reading ppm CO2a CO2 Analysis reading ppm CO2d CO2 Differential ppm H2Or H2O Reference reading mb H2Oa H2O Analysis reading mb H2Od H2O D...

Страница 46: ...n Graphic Display Screen The Graphic display screen shows a real time display of CO2r CO2a or CO2d Graphical Display Screen CO2r Button CO2 Reference Fixed range 0 1000 ppm CO2a Button CO2 Analysis Fi...

Страница 47: ...Indicates the machine is in Closed mode Main Button The Main screen is displayed when this button is selected See Direct Link Settings on page 49 Right Arrow Selects the next measurement screen Measu...

Страница 48: ...screen shows a real time display of CO2r or H2Or Graphical Display Screen CO2r Button CO2 Reference Fixed range 0 1000 ppm H2Or Button H2O Reference Fixed range 0 30 mb Y axis Range and units X axis X...

Страница 49: ...stable CO2r Setting CO2r Setting Ambient Button Controls the amount of CO2 based on current ambient level The range is from 0 to 100 of Ambient Default is 100 Back Button Goes back to Measure Screen 1...

Страница 50: ...s 1 Back Button Goes back to Measure Screen 1 Flow Setting Flow Setting Flow Button Sets the flow rate cc min to the PLC Range 200 500 The default and recommended value is 250 cc min However the cuvet...

Страница 51: ...surement method Energy Balance or Chamber Temperature Back Button Goes back to Measure Screen 2 Area Setting Area Setting Leaf Area Button Sets the Leaf Area cm2 used in the photosynthesis calculation...

Страница 52: ...analyzer H2O gas analyzer PLC PAR Sensor PLC light Unit and the Touch Screen See Calibration on page 104 Diagnostics Performs system diagnostics for troubleshooting purposes See Diagnostics on page 11...

Страница 53: ...gs This function allows the user to change view the Device Mode used by the TARGAS 1 The TARGAS 1 has one CO2 IRGA and one H2O IRGA In Absolute mode and Closed mode gas is sampled continuously from th...

Страница 54: ...1 to operate as an Absolute Analyzer for closed system measurements normally for use with the SRC 2 Soil Respiration Chamber and CPY 5 Canopy Assimilation Chamber Back Button Returns to the Settings 1...

Страница 55: ...f surface only 1 0 represents stomata on the upper leaf surface only Back Button Returns to the Settings 1 Menu Zero Settings This function allows the user to change view the zero parameters used by t...

Страница 56: ...fter 6 more minutes then after 12 minutes then every 20 minutes thereafter The Zero Time interval is fixed at 20 minutes Manual A zero can be initiated at any time and regardless of the Zero Type Sett...

Страница 57: ...displays CO2 Back Button Returns to the Graph Settings screen Reset Zero Absorber Reset Zero Absorber Yes Button Reset the Zero Absorber capacity gauge to 100 This should be set every time the molecul...

Страница 58: ...ing value range Intervals To control the frequency that data is sent TARGAS ID To select an ID number of the TARGAS 1 Back Button Returns to the Settings 1 Menu screen Right Arrow Continues to the Set...

Страница 59: ...instrument can track changes at the basic instrument data rate of 1 second When the CO2 Avg Limit is set to 0 no running average is performed The running average filter response time is 3 5 seconds to...

Страница 60: ...CORD on the touchscreen always sends data to the devices TARGAS ID Setting Averaging Setting TARGAS ID Button To Select device ID Range 0 9 the Default is 1 Back Button Returns to the Settings 2 Menu...

Страница 61: ...ings Probe Port Settings Probe Port 1 Button To Select Probe Type Back Button Returns to the Settings 3 Menu Interval Setting Standard For use with the following probes manufactured by PP Systems SRC...

Страница 62: ...n Time Button To set the duration of the Reference time in seconds range 3 15 This is used in Differential and Photosynthesis Modes default is 5 Back Button Returns to the Settings 3 Menu An On Time S...

Страница 63: ...generated Back Button Returns to the Settings 3 Menu Sample Flow Setting Sample Flow Settings Flow cc min Button To set the sample flow rate cc min Range 50 200 cc min It is user adjustable but the de...

Страница 64: ...Enable Wi Fi if installed Set Clock To set the time and date of the TARGAS 1 Defaults To reset all parameters to factory defaults This function allows the user to initialize the TARGAS 1 to its facto...

Страница 65: ...ton Returns to the Settings 4 Menu Reset WiFi Settings Reset WiFi Settings Yes Reset Wi Fi to original Factory Settings then returns to Settings 4 Menu No Returns to the Settings 4 Menu without resett...

Страница 66: ...set the month 1 12 Year Button To set the year 20XX Hr Button To set the hour 0 23 24 hour format Min Button To set the minutes 0 59 Back Button Returns to the Settings 4 Menu Default Settings Default...

Страница 67: ...s Yes To put the TARGAS 1 into a state to prevent the batteries from being used Note After selecting Yes the power switch must be turned off to complete the action A new Splash Screen will appear No R...

Страница 68: ...rtant Note In order to get the TARGAS 1 out of Ship Mode you must first connect the power supply charger to the EXT POWER jack before turning the instrument on If you do not have the power supply char...

Страница 69: ...the chamber CO2 concentration over a period of time The TARGAS 1 calculates both a linear fit and a quadratic fit to the measured data The data is checked in the quadratic fit to determine if the data...

Страница 70: ...ttings are defined in this screen SRC V and A Settings Def Button Sets the volume and area values back to the defaults Volume Button Sets the volume of the system Entries between 1 000 and 2 000 ml ar...

Страница 71: ...ges in the chamber CO2 concentration are monitored in a given session Valid entries range between 10 300 seconds DC Button Maximum positive change in CO2 concentration ppm allowed in a given session I...

Страница 72: ...r at the top right of the screen 23 in this case is the countdown CO2 concentration is displayed during this step When completed SRC Step 6 will be displayed SRC Prepare Chamber Menu Step 5 CO2 Curren...

Страница 73: ...delay value specified in SRC Termination Settings Step 3 CAL is the active CO2 concentration calculating phase END indicates calculations have been terminated dC The difference in CO2 concentration p...

Страница 74: ...ere a projected leaf area measured in cm2 converted above to m2 V0 volume flow measured in cc min 1 converted above to L sec 1 Note that W and all subsequent equations are presented as quantities per...

Страница 75: ...vapor from the leaf eout partial pressure is determined by the H2O IRGA during Analysis phase As related to the calculated values in the TARGAS 1 display ein H2Or eout H2Oa Leaf Temperature Calculate...

Страница 76: ...energy units To simply computation the following approximation is made 4 Tc 273 3 4 639 0 5834 Tc A 7 Then the leaf temperature is Tleaf Tc t Saturation Vapor Pressure Derive saturation vapor pressur...

Страница 77: ...2 difference Cout Cin As related to the calculated values in the TARGAS 1 display Cout CO2a Cout Cin CO2d Intercellular CO2 Concentration Calculate CO2 concentration in the sub stomatal cavity Ci usin...

Страница 78: ...E Transpiration rate mmol m 2 s 1 eleaf Saturated vapor pressure inside the leaf at leaf temperature mb Tleaf Leaf temperature C t Temperature difference between the air and the leaf C H Radiation abs...

Страница 79: ...tzmann constant 5 6704 x 10 8 W m 2 K 4 References Parkinson K J 1983 Porometry in S E B Symposium of Instrumentation for Environmental Physiology Cambridge University Press Buck A L 1981 New equation...

Страница 80: ...dded to the output data string change in CO2 dC process time dT Linear respiration rate L and Quadratic respiration rate Q Connecting the CPY 5 Canopy Assimilation Chamber to the TARGAS 1 The CPY 5 Ca...

Страница 81: ...olume changes in order for the instrument to properly calculate assimilation rates If using collars please make sure that you adjust the volume accordingly CPY Volume and Area Settings Menu Def Button...

Страница 82: ...utton Maximum negative change in CO2 concentration ppm allowed in a given session If total change exceeds this value the session will end Valid entries are between 1 1 000 ppm Delay Button The amount...

Страница 83: ...r Settings Step 4 At this stage the CPY chamber should be held in the air to allow it to flush out prior to placing it on the soil During this step the internal fan of the CPY is sped up to help flush...

Страница 84: ...ent of CO2 Concentration ppm Delay CAL END Delay is the countdown in seconds from x to 0 where x is the delay value specified in CPY Termination Settings Step 3 CAL is the active CO2 concentration cal...

Страница 85: ...ar volume is 22 414 L mol 1 at STP Therefore W mol m 2 s 1 V0 60 103 1 22 414 104 a where a projected leaf area measured in cm2 converted above to m2 V0 volume flow measured in cc min 1 converted abov...

Страница 86: ...and influenced by transpiration water vapor from the leaf eout partial pressure is determined by the H2O IRGA during Analysis phase As related to the calculated values in the TARGAS 1 display ein H2O...

Страница 87: ...ere Trans 0 14 the ratio of infrared to visible radiation and converting photon flux to energy units To simply computation the following approximation is made 4 Tc 273 3 4 639 0 5834 Tc A 7 Then the l...

Страница 88: ...on A Cin W Cout W E A 14 To calculate net CO2 assimilation we rearrange equation A 13 to A Cout Cin W Cout E TARGAS 1 calculates and displays the CO2 difference Cout Cin As related to the calculated v...

Страница 89: ...per unit leaf area into cuvette mol m 2 s 1 ein Partial pressure of water vapor of air entering cuvette H2Or mb eout Partial pressure of water vapor of stirred cuvette air H2Oa mb E Transpiration rate...

Страница 90: ...ir 28 97 Cp Specific heat at constant pressure 1 012 kJ kg 1 K 1 Stefan Boltzmann constant 5 6704 x 10 8 W m 2 K 4 References Parkinson K J 1983 Porometry in S E B Symposium of Instrumentation for Env...

Страница 91: ...ir own custom chambers with the TARGAS 1 Since it is assumed that you are using your own chambers there are no defaults built into the system It is your responsibility to make sure that you enter the...

Страница 92: ...ilation rates If using collars please make sure that you adjust the volume accordingly Custom Step 2 Menu Volume Button Sets the volume of the system Entries between 10 and 100 000 ml are permitted Ar...

Страница 93: ...al change exceeds this value the session will end Valid entries are between 1 1 000 ppm Delay Button The amount of time the instrument waits at the start of each session before it starts calculating r...

Страница 94: ...e the amount of time required to flush a custom chamber Once the chamber has been adequately flushed pressing the Start button will allow the process to continue to the Custom Start Measuring screen S...

Страница 95: ...of CO2 Concentration ppm Delay CAL END Delay is the countdown in seconds from x to 0 where x is the Delay value specified in Custom Termination Settings Step 3 CAL is the active CO2 concentration cal...

Страница 96: ...gas usually collected in sampling jars and transferred to the TARGAS 1 with a syringe The injection process is an improvement over static sampling and yields more reliable and consistent results Measu...

Страница 97: ...rated over the duration of the Measurement Phase Any gas with a known constant CO2 concentration can be used as a baseline but a gas with zero CO2 concentration can be readily produced with an absorbe...

Страница 98: ...or samples with concentrations greater than 100 ppm The process will work at lower concentrations but percent error will be significantly larger Injection Start Process Step 1 The first screen asks th...

Страница 99: ...defined in this screen Once the Start button is pressed the Injection process will begin Before you press Start take your syringe sample e g from a chamber or airbag if you have not done so already W...

Страница 100: ...the air before the sample is injected typically 0 ppm After 10 seconds the Injection Phase begins Injection Baseline Phase Menu Heartbeat Pulses to indicate that the system is powered on power status...

Страница 101: ...heck the injection setup for leaks and ensure that the absorber column is properly seated and contains fresh soda lime Injection Injection Phase Step 6 During the Injection Phase the syringe should be...

Страница 102: ...spondingly the value of M will increase quickly as the value of C peaks and then plateaus at a constant value Once C has dropped to 0 ppm or a very low background value wait 3 5 seconds to make sure M...

Страница 103: ...t About Provides important information related to the instrument hardware including serial number of the TARGAS 1 console Back Button Returns to the Information Menu Contact Contact Contact Contact in...

Страница 104: ...Light Unit Calibration Menu CO2 Button To perform CO2 calibration H2O Button To perform H2O calibration Touch Cal Button To perform Touch Screen calibration PAR Button To perform PAR calibration Ligh...

Страница 105: ...libration procedure uses two reference points 1 Zero CO2 generated from air that has been scrubbed of CO2 through the soda lime in the absorber column 2 Span reference gas a user provided gas with a k...

Страница 106: ...s This value must match the certified CO2 concentration of the reference source and be greater than or equal to the anticipated measurement range of the instrument For example if the anticipated measu...

Страница 107: ...s press the OK button To cancel without performing a Calibration press Stop If the process is successful the screen below will be displayed and the new calibration constant will be stored in non volat...

Страница 108: ...cular Sieve in the absorber column 2 Span reference gas a user provided air with a known H2O concentration typically from a very accurate 1 source Follow these instructions to calibrate the TARGAS 1 H...

Страница 109: ...the OK button To cancel without performing a Calibration press Stop Calibration Set H2O The H2O concentration Value entered at the beginning of the Calibration Process Actual H2O The current H2O Readi...

Страница 110: ...ur finger anywhere on the touch display and turn system power on and wait for the next screen to appear 3 Proceed as directed with the touch screen calibration PAR This function allows the user to rec...

Страница 111: ...button to the right of the PAR PAR text and enter the PAR value 3 After calibration a similar message to the one below will be displayed Note the displayed value may not be the value you entered in s...

Страница 112: ...ht Unit Calibration This function allows the user to calibrate the Light Unit optional using the removable external PAR sensor on the PLC5 leaf cuvette The Light Unit Calibration uses the PLC5 PAR sen...

Страница 113: ...it is mounted to the light sensor calibration fixture Part No 20665 1 and placed flat on the table and the external PAR Sensor is situated inside the calibration fixture as shown below after removal f...

Страница 114: ...alibration is complete or Calibration Back Button Returns to the Calibration Menu If the process is successful the new calibration constant will be stored in non volatile memory of the PLC5 If the pro...

Страница 115: ...ing before the battery is completely discharged CO2 Zeros Displays the A D counts for the last 7 CO2 zero operations H2O Zeros Displays the A D counts for the last 7 H2O zero operations Advance Displa...

Страница 116: ...ctor Pr Pressure Reported by IRGA Back Button Returns to the Diagnostics Menu H2O IRGA Diagnostics H20 IRGA Diagnostics ADC Current H2O ADC Readings Z_ADC Last H2O ADC Zero Readings Err IRGA Error and...

Страница 117: ...ercent capacity left Voltage V Battery Voltage V Current A Battery Current Amp means discharging Time Left M Estimated time remaining before discharge minutes Back Button Returns to the Diagnostics Me...

Страница 118: ...ms com H2O Zeros Diagnostics H2O Zero Diagnostics Zero 1 7 The last 7 H2O Zero Readings Back Button Returns to the Diagnostics Menu Advanced Diagnostics Advance Diagnostics Enter PIN Password PP Syste...

Страница 119: ...en a flash drive is inserted into the USB port on the TARGAS 1 unless the Interval is set to 0 seconds under Memory Measure Settings Data recording ends when the flash drive is removed from the USB po...

Страница 120: ...field represents Mtype Date Time Rec Num CO2r CO2a H2Or H20a atm Flow supply MM 2 8 2016 14 57 19 11385 379 6 359 0 19 2 23 4 1029 3 299 MM 2 8 2016 14 57 30 11396 377 6 357 6 19 6 23 9 1029 2 299 Flo...

Страница 121: ...ol 1 CO2 An CO2 reading in parts per million ppm mol mol 1 H20 Ref H2O reading in millibars mb H20 An H2O reading in millibars mb AP Atmospheric pressure in millibars mb Flow Supply Supply flow cc min...

Страница 122: ...RC CUSTOM Extension Data Extension Type 20 25 60 65 Plot Number Number Area cm2 Volume CC DC Change in CO2 concentration ppm DT Process time Seconds SRL Rate Respiration g CO2 m 2 Hour 1 using linear...

Страница 123: ...on mol CO2 m 2 s 1 SRQ Rate Assimilation mol CO2 m 2 s 1 PAR mol m 2 s 1 Air Temperature C Soil Temperature C Warming Up Extension Data Extension Type 70 CO2 IRGA Temperature C H2O IRGA Temperature C...

Страница 124: ...e 81 H2O millibar Sensor Temperature C Lamp Temperature C Pressure millibar Sensor adc Zero adc IRGA error Word Bits error Refer to TARGAS Data Format Descriptions xlsx file in the Documentation folde...

Страница 125: ...y with the WiFi Option TARGAS 1 Command Set When a computer is connected to the TARGAS 1 using a USB cable a communication protocol and command set comprised of ASCII characters and strings allows rec...

Страница 126: ...er value is 1 CRC On CRCs will be appended including the C to all commands received from the TARGAS 1 See Get Set Parameter Values Table on page 132 for more details on turning off on the CRC For exam...

Страница 127: ...on a fixed interval The interval and the string format may be modified When the interval is set to 0 the M string stops sending automatically but can be manually polled by sending the M command Exampl...

Страница 128: ...ost the value associated with that particular parameter is returned Example Sent from Host G 1 CR Get Zero Type Received from TARGAS 1 CR G 1 1 000 CR In this example the value of Zero Type is 1 Autom...

Страница 129: ...Voltage 7 123V Probe 1 Analog 0 6143V P x Character with Parameters P Command Process Modes This command is used to Select and Control a process The x parameter determines which Process action will be...

Страница 130: ...arameter in EEPROM non volatile memory The x parameter specifies a particular setting and the v parameter is the desired value of the particular setting which will be saved in the EEPROM A G command i...

Страница 131: ...ent time Received from TARGAS 1 CR T 04 42 15 05 01 15 CR Sent from Host T 3 11 CR Received from TARGAS 1 CR T 4 42 11 05 02 15 CR In this example the hour was changed from 10 to 11 All other values s...

Страница 132: ...example 025 and 024 indicate the number of seconds remaining in the zero operation Get Set Parameter Values Table Get Set Parameter Values Number X Parameter Name Description Valid Values Default Valu...

Страница 133: ...s works for the Host only Note the Display always gets a CRC 8 0 Off 1 On 0 Off 18 Web Monitor Adds terminator to strings sent to the WiFi Port to use for web pages 0 Off 1 On 1 On 19 Host Serial Sele...

Страница 134: ...SoilTemp 3 SoilMoist 4 NewProbe 0 36 Wi Fi Power Turns the Wi Fi Power on off 0 OFF 1 ON 0 37 Probe 2 Function Select the functionality of probe 2 port I2C Analog or SDI 12 n a n a 38 Flow Rate Not u...

Страница 135: ...rolled 0 none 1 Chamber 2 track Amb 3 leaf 4 leaf Amb 1 57 PAR_CONTROL Par setting for Light unit 0 2500 500 58 RED_PERCENT 0 100 25 59 GREEN_PERCENT 0 100 25 60 BLUE_PERCENT 0 100 25 61 WHITE_PERCENT...

Страница 136: ...dows XP and above The GAS software is included on the flash drive that comes with each new instrument Part No 10182 2 under the PC Utilities GAS_v x directory where x is the version number GAS is also...

Страница 137: ...past data activity in a current session Save Log or record data Start Record for a time segment Clicking the Advanced button will show a command line window for sending commands directly to and from t...

Страница 138: ...e If error persists call PP Systems technical support 19 CO2 limit Reached Process CO2 limit 20 Time limit Reached Process time limit 21 Non Linear The SR measurement is Non Linear 22 End Process The...

Страница 139: ...and can be executed 57 Memory NE Flash drive error Directory not empty Attempt to delete a directory which is not empty 58 Memory FN Flash drive error Filename invalid Firmware invalid or contains dis...

Страница 140: ...ernal air filter should be used at all times and fitted in line with the AIR IN port on the TARGAS 1 to protect internal components from dirt and dust see below PP Systems includes one air filter STD5...

Страница 141: ...wn with the gas stream causing damage to the instrument End Cap O Rings Each end cap has two O rings one that seals inside the plastic column and another that seals at the manifold All O Rings on the...

Страница 142: ...ufacturer W A Hammond Drierite Company Ltd www DRIERITE com For the latest Material Safety Data Sheet please visit www DRIERITE com and request the latest MSDS or contact PP Systems For the latest MSD...

Страница 143: ...r into the gas circuit generally results in error messages during Zero or fluctuating CO2r values during measurement Molecular Sieve Repackaging The Molecular Sieve is originally supplied by PP System...

Страница 144: ...the absorber columns should periodically every couple of weeks receive a slight smear of silicone grease to aid ease of fitting improve the seal and extend the life of the O rings and to keep them fr...

Страница 145: ...tubing These filters should not require replacement unless you are working in extremely high humidity conditions or if you incur any regular flow related messages If you are regularly seeing low flow...

Страница 146: ...re rotary vane style pumps One is used as a sampling pump and one as a forwarding pump They are secured in place by a simple mounting clip and electrically connected to the internal PCB Both operate f...

Страница 147: ...te head can now drop down making it very easy to replace the leaf gaskets 3 Using a fine screwdriver gently pry the old leaf gaskets out of each respective channel There are two rectangular gaskets be...

Страница 148: ...erential CO2d should be close to 0 1 0 ppm and stable If you observe a CO2d value close to 0 and stable with the Leaf Cuvette Simulator and you do not when the PLC5 leaf cuvette is connected to the TA...

Страница 149: ...to keep it from cracking or breaking PAR Sensor The PAR Sensor should be recalibrated every two years Please consult with PP Systems for PAR sensor recalibration services Calibration can also be perf...

Страница 150: ...is the default leaf area used in calculations However if measurements are made with leaves that don t completely fill the window the actual Leaf Area should be entered in Measure Screen 2 prior to ma...

Страница 151: ...erature by equating energy flux into the leaf with energy flux out of the leaf The model includes incident solar radiation leaf re radiation convective heat transfer and transpiration Note the energy...

Страница 152: ...A 8 From Buck 1981 using ew1 and fw1 we calculate Where saturated water vapor pressure inside leaf at Stomatal Conductance Calculate stomatal conductance gs A 9 From von Caemmerer Farquhar 1981 Eq B1...

Страница 153: ...TARGAS 1 display Intercellular CO2 Concentration Calculate CO2 concentration in the sub stomatal cavity using the equation derived by von Caemmerer Farquhar 1981 A 15 The sub stomatal CO2 concentrati...

Страница 154: ...erature mb Leaf temperature C Temperature difference between the air and the leaf C Radiation absorbed by the leaf W m 2 Stomatal resistance to water vapor m2 s mol 1 Stomatal conductance to water vap...

Страница 155: ...tation for Environmental Physiology Cambridge University Press Buck A L 1981 New equations for computing vapour pressure and enhancement factor J Appl Meteorol Vol 20 1527 1532 von Caemmerer S and G D...

Страница 156: ...em volume It has been suggested that to make accurate measurements of the respiration it is essential to start with a CO2 concentration in the chamber below ambient and measure until the concentration...

Страница 157: ...calculated from a least square fit of the data The respiration rate will be calculated from the rate of change of CO2 at time zero or at 0 2 3 Differentiating equation 1 2 yields 2 4 And evaluated at...

Страница 158: ...ol 1 The initial moles CO2 in the system where is CO2 concentration in mol mol 1 Then the final moles CO2 in the system where is CO2 concentration in mol mol 1 2 8 The change in moles of CO2 is The te...

Страница 159: ...er volume and soil surface area And the remaining terms are units conversions 1 11 The same equation in alternate units is mol m 2 s 1 mol mol s 1013 273 273 1 mol 22 414 L m3 m2 103 L m3 Or to conver...

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