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8. Trouble shooting
Symptom
Cause
Remedy
Drying out of the gel
Incorrect electrode solutions
Use the recommended electrode
near the electrodes
solution at the specified
concentration.
Excessive power setting
Check the power setting
Sparking along edge
Excess moisture on gel or under
Remove the excess moisture
of gel onto cooling plate
cooling plate
Electrode strips overhanging the
Cut the electrode strips short
ends of the gel
of the ends of the gel
Liquid expelled at sides of electrode
Occasionally remove the excess
strips due to electroendosmotic flow
fluid by blotting
of water towards the cathode
Condensation over the
Excessive power setting
Check the power setting.
entire surface of the glass
When only a portion of the gel is
electrode holder
used, reduce the power setting
proportionally
Insufficient cooling
Check the temperature and flow
of the cooling fluid
Local condensation on
Local overheating due to a high salt
Reduce the salt content of the
the glass electrode holder
concentration in the sample
sample by gel filtration using
PD-10 columns pre-packed with
Sephadex G-25
Incorrect electrode solutions in relation
Check the electrode polarity.
to electrode polarity
Check the pH of the applied
electrode strips
Localized hot spots due to air
Use insulating fluid under the gel
bubbles under the gel
and check for air bubbles
Excessive amount of
Cathodic drift may cause an
Cut the electrode strips shorter
condensation along
electroendosmotic flow of water
than the edge of the gel. If
electrode strips
towards the cathode. Thus, cathode
necessary, blot the pooled liquid.
strip may become over saturated
Reversed polarity of electrode strips
Check pH of the strips and
(lower pH at cathode, higher
polarity of the plugs in the power
pH at anode)
supply. Reverse polarity if the
strips have been incorrectly
applied (should be acid at anode)
Skewed or wavy bands
Localized gradient disturbances
Reduce the salt content of the
due to excessive salt
sample by gel filtration using PD-
10 columns pre-packed with
Sephadex G-25. Salt content
should be <50 mmol/l.
Too much ammonium
persulphate may also cause wavy
bands
58
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