Nishati AISPCA, Руководство по эксплуатации

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AISPCA!Operations!Manual!
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Azimuth !is!the!horizontal!direction!expressed!as!the!
angular!distance!between!the!direction!of!a!fixed!point!
and!the!direction!of!the!object.!In!PV!terms,!it!is!the!sun’s!
apparent!location!east!and!west!of!true!south!(northern!
hemisphere)!or!true!north!(southern!hemisphere).!See!
Figure!4.!
To!optimize!power!output!in!most!areas,!solar!panels!
should!be!aligned!to!face!true!south!(not!magnetic!south)!
in!the!northern!hemisphere!and!true!north!in!the!southern!
hemisphere.!
Depending!on!location!and!topography,!it!can!be!
beneficial!to!align!the!panels!somewhat!away!from!true!north!(or!true!south)!to!compensate!for!local!
effects.!For!example;!if!the!solar!panels!are!located!in!a!valley!with!mountains!to!the!west!that!obscure!
the!sun!in!the!late!afternoon,!it!may!be!beneficial!to!face!the!solar!panels!a!little!to!the!east!and!collect!
extra!power!during!the!morning!and!maximize!the!exposure!of!the!solar!panels!to!the!sun!during!the!
day.!This!will!compensate!for!losing!power!in!the!afternoon!from!the!shade!caused!by!the!mountains.!
NOTE'
If'the'environmental'effects'and'proper'azimuth'are'uncertain,'the'system'should'remain'facing'
true'south'(in'the'northern'hemisphere)'or'true'north'(in'the'southern'hemisphere).'
Tilt!angle !refers!to!the!PV!panel’s!vertical!angle!relative!to!the!ground.!Optimum!tilt!angle!is!a!function!
of!the!sun’s!elevation!relative!to!the!horizon!at!the!location!of!interest!on!the!earth!and!the!time!of!
year.!Once!a!panel!is!aligned!to!the!proper!azimuth,!the!tilt!angle!is!determined!by!two!factors!that:!
latitude(and(time(of(year .!
For!a!fixed!solar!panel!system!with!a!fixed!azimuthal!direction,!a!general!year!round!rule!is!to!set!tilt!
angle!equal!to!the!latitude.!For!example;!at!the!north!and!south!poles,!the!latitude!will!equal!90°.!At!45°!
North!or!South!latitude!the!tilt!angle!of!the!
solar!panels!should!be!45°,!and!at!the!equator!
the!solar!panels!should!be!laid!flat!on!the!
ground.!Figure!5!summarizes!this.!To!
compensate!for!time!of!year,!if!the!solar!panels!
have!an!adjustable!tilt!angle,!adjust!as!follows:!
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Winter!–!latitude!plus!fifteen!
degrees!!
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Summer!–!latitude!minus!
fifteen!degrees!!
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Figure!5:!Tilt!Angle!Determination.!
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Figure!4:!Azimuth!vs.!True!South. !