Anterior Heart Sites
Second left
intercostal space
(pulmonic)
Third left
intercostal space
(Erb’s point)
Fourth left
intercostal space
Apex
(lower left
sternum)
Second right
intercostal space
(aortic)
Aortic Second Right
Intercostal Space
Pulmonic Second
Left Intercostal
Space
Erbs Point
Third Left
Intercostal Space
Fourth Left
Intercostal
Space
Lower Left
Sternum
Apex
1. Normal
Normal, S2 Accentuated Normal, S2 Accentuated Normal, S2 Accentuated
Normal
Normal
Normal
2. Aortic
Regurgataion
Ejection Sound, Loud
Mid systolic & soft early
diastolic murmur
Ejection sound, mild systolic murmur, early diastolic blowing murmur
Normal
Normal
3. Pulmonary
Stenosis
Normal
Moderate 4th sound,
harsh late peaking sys-
tolic murmur, soft late
pulmonic 2nd sound
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
4. Mitral
Stenosis
Normal
Normal
Severe held expi-
ration, tachycardia:
opening snap .03
seconds after loud 2nd
sound
Constrictive Pericar-
ditis/ knock. Inspira-
tory augmentation
indicates a gallop
of right ventricular
origin
Normal
Held expiration,
tachycardia: opening
snap, mid diastolic &
presystolic murmurs,
loud 1st sound
5. Holosystolic
Murmur
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Patient has mitral regurgitation &
frequent premature ventricular con-
tractions. Murmur is crescendo-de-
cresendo with late peaking. Soft S3
in mid diastole.
6. Midsystolic
Murmur
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Patient with hypertrophic cardimyop-
athy has a murmur that begins after
S1 and ends before S2
7. S3 Gallop
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Patient has a readily heard third
heart sound. S3 occurs later in dias-
tole than the opening snap.
8. S4 Gallop
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Patient with left ventricular hyper-
trophy has a fourth sound (S4) that
is not heard on every cycle. The
sound is presystolic about .1 second
before S1.
9. Midsystolic
Click
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
Patient has mitral prolapse which
produces a mid systolic click heard
during inspiration.
10. Atrial Septal
Defect
Normal
Respiration: mid sys-
tolic murmur, fixed split
2nd, soft 3rd, breath
sounds with inspiration
Normal
Respiration: mid
systolic murmur,
fixed split 2nd, mid
diastolic murmur
Normal
Normal
11. Patent Ductus
Arteriosus
Normal
Continuous murmur
Normal
Continuous murmur
Normal
Normal
12. Ventricular
Septal Defect
Normal
Normal
Holosystolic murmur with late crescendo
Normal
Normal
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