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Figure 10-3 -

Noise floor figure for 20 s models

To determine the dynamic range at frequencies of interest for your application, compare the

noise floor to the Trillium Compact seismometer clip level using

Figure 10-4

. For the purpose

of comparing noise floors to clip levels,

Figure 10-4

converts power spectral densities using

octave bandwidths and an RMS-to-peak conversion factor of 1.253.

Chapter 10 - Performance

16889R10 • 2020-11-12

Page 77

Содержание Trillium Compact

Страница 1: ...User Guide November 12 2020 Strategic Intelligence Fueled by Science...

Страница 2: ...27 01 The information in this document has been carefully reviewed and is believed to be reliable Nanometrics Inc reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice to improve the reliabili...

Страница 3: ...o discard the changes italic text Identifies variables such as parameter names and value placeholders for example select Configuration Sensor Name courier text Identifies commands that must be entered...

Страница 4: ...er and the Trillium Compact 20 2 6 Verifying connection with the Centaur digital recorder 21 2 7 Installing a Trillium Compact Posthole Seismometer 21 2 7 1 Installing a Trillium Compact Posthole in a...

Страница 5: ...in a Vault Installation 39 3 8 Theory and Practice of Insulation 40 3 9 Insulation Options 42 3 9 1 Insulating a Trillium Compact Vault with the Insulating Cover 42 3 9 2 Installing a Trillium Compac...

Страница 6: ...7 1 About Serial Communications 60 7 2 Connecting through a Nanometrics Digitizer 60 7 3 Calculating the IP Address 61 Chapter 8 Using the Web Interface 62 8 1 About the Web Interface 62 8 2 Accessin...

Страница 7: ...C TC20 PH2 and TC20 PH2 XC 84 12 3 Trillium Compact Features and Dimensions Optional 70 mm spikes 86 Appendix A Site Record 87 Appendix B Grounding guidelines 89 Appendix C Carrying Case 94 C 1 Transp...

Страница 8: ...stallation l Getting Started l Installing a Trillium Compact Posthole Seismometer l Installing a Trillium Compact Vault Seismometer l Post Installation Activities Part 1 Installation 16889R10 2020 11...

Страница 9: ...ng costs and higher station reliability l Ease of deployment through no mass lock no mass centering and wide tilt range l Integrated web server for efficient instrument management l Extended operating...

Страница 10: ...orizontal vertical XYZ outputs allows for the calibration of each axis separately For some studies it may be preferable to use UVW mode instead of XYZ mode for recording seismic data Trillium Compact...

Страница 11: ...idental drops during hand carrying and from vibration and shock during shipping To maintain warranty protection Trillium Compact seismometers must always be transported in packaging approved by Nanome...

Страница 12: ...act Vault Seismometer on page 30 for instructions on using this product as an insulating cover in an installation Foam Plug for Trillium Compact Carrying case Insulating cover MEC16852R1 A foam plug s...

Страница 13: ...and a connector for a common third party digital recorder such as a Q330 or REFTEK D130 on the other end Contact Nanometrics see Contact Us on page 103 for a full listing of cables with connectors to...

Страница 14: ...igitizing and data logging features of the digitizer this cable also provides access to the Web interface of the seismometer through the Web interface of the digitizer Adjustable Feet Kit 17245 A kit...

Страница 15: ...eet Installing a Nanometrics Sensor with a Cam Holelock 19026 All models 70 mm Spike Kit 17247 Spikes that attach to the base of the seismometer for installations in soft soil Leveling cradle 16863 Tr...

Страница 16: ...e 103 The mechanical and electronic elements of the Trillium Compact seismometers have been designed to be robust and reliable to ensure there is no need to open units for on site maintenance The inte...

Страница 17: ...mation readily available You will need to reference the serial number when contacting Technical Support You will need the IP address of the unit to access its Web interface See Configuring Serial Comm...

Страница 18: ...stalling a Trillium Compact Posthole in a Cased Hole on page 24 Once you have completed the installation of your Trillium Compact Posthole you can proceed to configure the digital recorder Refer to th...

Страница 19: ...ct and the Nanometrics digital recorder can be pre configured for deployment See Configuring Your System on page 58 2 4 Preventative Maintenance of Connectors For the Trillium Compact Posthole prior t...

Страница 20: ...trieved from https www youtube com watch v Vp_cbGtSsXI 2 5 Connecting the Centaur digital recorder and the Trillium Compact Use the guidelines in this section to connect the Centaur digital recorder a...

Страница 21: ...s been discovered a link will display above the Discover button You can access the sensor s web page by clicking on the appropriate Serial radio button then clicking on the link Figure 2 1 Centaur Web...

Страница 22: ...2 7 1 Installing a Trillium Compact Posthole in an Uncased Hole Direct Burial The hole should be a minimum of 1 meter deep and have a diameter large enough to accommodate the instrument which has a di...

Страница 23: ...other fill material to ensure that the instrument is solidly coupled to the surrounding substrate and will not shift or move It is preferable to use clean dry sand since it will tend to flow easily Le...

Страница 24: ...hat the cased hole is dry and the bottom is sealed If you are using an existing cased hole make sure that the hole is not flooded Additionally the inner diameter of the casing should be at least 10 mm...

Страница 25: ...to stabilize it If excessive tilt cannot be corrected it is likely because the hole is non vertical at the bottom end 6 Pour a measured volume of sand down the hole sufficient to cover the sides plus...

Страница 26: ...tic cable strain relief so that the weight of the seismometer is supported by the load bearing wire rope 4 Insert the thicker seismometer cable into the wider cutout in the magnetic cable lock and ins...

Страница 27: ...ine below for details For deeper holes l Correlate the output of the seismometer with that of a temporarily installed surface based seismometer that is aligned to true north to calculate their relativ...

Страница 28: ...processing software is equipped to apply a rotation transformation allowing it to measure and correct the relative azimuth Take note of the values and enter them on the Centaur in the Digitizer Orien...

Страница 29: ...ole is mass centered Trillium Compact Posthole is aligned to east west or north south Trillium Compact Posthole serial number and IP address is noted If alignment was accomplished using the surface se...

Страница 30: ...the next page 3 Preparing the Site for a Vault Installation on page 32 4 Grounding guidelines on page 89 5 Alignment Leveling and Placement Features on page 36 6 Aligning and Leveling a Trillium Comp...

Страница 31: ...ee Aligning and Leveling a Trillium Compact in a Vault Installation on page 39 l Gather any optional tools and materials you may need Your installation may also require l A laptop or mobile device wit...

Страница 32: ...s normal to see horizontal spikes following installation However if the spikes do not diminish after a few days there may be a problem with the installation See Troubleshooting Your Installation on pa...

Страница 33: ...cs part number MSC0225 and the adjustable leveling feet kit Nanometrics part number 17245 See Cables and Accessories on page 12 for a description of these items l See also Insulating a Trillium Compac...

Страница 34: ...Your System on page 58 or the Trillium Compact Web interface see Configuring Serial Communications on page 60 and Using the Web Interface on page 62 verify a level installation by checking that the m...

Страница 35: ...Construction If your installation involves the construction of a pier use Table 3 1 as a guide to constructing your pier Material Concrete Homogeneous 50 Portland cement and 50 sieved sand see Choosin...

Страница 36: ...y long period so vault wall decoupling is critical for quiet site long period studies 3 6 Alignment Leveling and Placement Features To aid in the proper alignment of your seismometer each Trillium Com...

Страница 37: ...evel Nanometrics part number MSC0225 is optional Optional leveling tools for a Trillium Compact are l A leveling cradle for rapid leveling on prepared piers or for installation on hard uneven or unlev...

Страница 38: ...shows the case top north south guide with a dashed line indicating where a straight edge staked line or laser level line would fall Figure 3 2 Example of seismometer alignment using the case top guide...

Страница 39: ...ently place it on the installation surface in an approximate north south alignment If you are using the optional leveling cradle you will not be leveling the seismometer using the leveling feet as des...

Страница 40: ...long periods There are two broad categories of thermal effects that can cause unwanted noise l Direct thermal sensitivity The Trillium Compact Vault is designed to minimize temperature sensitivity ho...

Страница 41: ...Prevent the movement of air on the surface of the seismometer l Insulate the installation pier from temperature changes l Prevent the movement of air on the surface of the pier including the sides and...

Страница 42: ...Carrying Case Nanometrics part number 16862 See also Insulating a Trillium Compact Vault with the Insulating Cover below l Make a freestanding cover using rigid foam insulation that is sealed against...

Страница 43: ...preventing the cover or other objects from exerting force on the seismometer by minimizing the amount of air trapped under the cover thereby eliminating convection and by providing a cable channel th...

Страница 44: ...seismometer see Aligning and Leveling a Trillium Compact in a Vault Installation on page 39 If you are burying the Trillium Compact and its insulating cover pull all of the foam out of the cover Retai...

Страница 45: ...ee Using the Leveling Cradle on page 96 8 Place a brick or other heavy object on top of the insulating cover to compress the foam gasket on the bottom of the insulating cover 3 9 3 Insulating a Trilli...

Страница 46: ...weight on top of it A brick works well for this purpose l Strain relieve the cable to the pier close to the seismometer Tie wraps with tie wrap anchors or a heavy object are effective tools for achiev...

Страница 47: ...he Centaur has booted up using a Web enabled device such as a laptop login to the Centaur and Discover the seismometer as follows see Figure 3 5 a Navigate to the Sensors page b For each sensor click...

Страница 48: ...or north south The feet of the Trillium Compact Vault are locked Trillium Compact Vault serial number is noted Cable is connected to the Trillium Compact Vault and the digitizer Cable is strain reliev...

Страница 49: ...a force pulling on the cable l There is unstable soil around the seismometer Note that deploying in unstable soil may be a deliberate choice for a posthole installation if that is the only way to plac...

Страница 50: ...ss the user interface put the unit into short period mode and then immediately return it to long period mode see Control Lines on page 65 l Use the control lines on the digitizer to briefly put the un...

Страница 51: ...fly setting the seismometer in shortperiod mode allows the unit to recover immediately and produce ground motion recordings For fast recovery after leveling do one of the following l Leave the sensor...

Страница 52: ...Part 2 Operation l Input Output Signals l Configuring Your System l Configuring Serial Communications l Using the Web Interface Part 2 Operation 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 52...

Страница 53: ...izontal and vertical motion of the seismometer When you change the output mode the seismometer will respond within 4 s To understand the difference between the UVW and XYZ outputs see Figure 5 1 By de...

Страница 54: ...ided on the Rx and Tx signals of the serial connector or the main connector where DGND serves as the ground reference for the serial link The Trillium Compact automatically senses when valid serial co...

Страница 55: ...RS 232 serial Tx output signal For more information on serial communication with a Trillium Compact see Serial RS 232 Communications on the previous page and Configuring Serial Communications on page...

Страница 56: ...el the unit 5 6 Power Consumption For long cables account for the resistive voltage drop due to the cable length and if necessary increase the voltage at the source For example 50 m of 24 AWG wire has...

Страница 57: ...eter is no longer sufficiently level l For a unit that is settled and level a seismic signal that approaches the maximum clip level of the seismometer may draw as much as 0 8 W peak The average power...

Страница 58: ...e your Centaur firmware to the latest version or contact Nanometrics for further assistance See Contact Us on page 103 3 Click on the Apply button While the system is processing the configuration chan...

Страница 59: ...e 08 20 5 99e 08 6 03e 08 10 1 20e 09 1 21e 09 4 2 99e 09 3 02e 09 2 5 99e 09 6 03e 09 1 1 20e 10 1 21e 10 0 5 2 40e 10 2 41e 10 Table 6 2 System Sensitivity versus Gain Range Note that the exact nomi...

Страница 60: ...devices do not include a physical serial port In addition currently supported Microsoft Windows operating systems do not support Serial Line Internet Protocol SLIP connections Nanometrics has develope...

Страница 61: ...for x and y in the serial number l x SerialNumber 256 Use the resulting whole number for the value of x and discard any decimal amounts l y SerialNumber modulo 256 The reference to modulo 256 in the...

Страница 62: ...LIP or build your own SLIP device For more information see About Serial Communications on page 60 Use this interface to retrieve information about the seismometer access state of health information an...

Страница 63: ...at indicates the health and status of the seismometer including the following l Temperature Displays the approximate temperature of the Trillium Compact seismometer in Celsius and Fahrenheit l Case ti...

Страница 64: ...follows l Calibration Enable Calibration can be enabled for the three U V and W axes simultaneously for a specific axis or disabled for all axes Select Use control line to permit the control line inpu...

Страница 65: ...older version hardware Do not attempt to upgrade to Version 2 x x if the serial number of your unit is 2499 or less Use the following steps to upload new firmware 1 Copy the new firmware file nmx_tril...

Страница 66: ...ycle the unit 9 Confirm that the version has been updated by verifying the version at the bottom of the Home page after rebooting 8 7 Hardware Information The Hardware Information link displays a page...

Страница 67: ...l Performance l Connectors and Cables l Features and Dimensions l Site Record l Grounding guidelines l Carrying Case l Leveling Cradle and Spike Kit l Open Source Attributions l Glossary Part 3 Refer...

Страница 68: ...Optional tripod deployment cradle for rapid leveling Alignment l Vertical scribe marks for north south l Precision guide in cover for straight edge line or laser level Table 9 2 Leveling and alignment...

Страница 69: ...I l Mounted in top of case For Trillium Compact Posthole models TC120 PH2 TC120 PH2 XC TC20 PH2 and TC20 PH2 XC l 16 pin connector l Submersible l SubConn MCBH16MSS l Mounted in top of case Velocity...

Страница 70: ...enarios Protection l Reverse voltage and over voltage protected l Self resetting over current protection Table 9 6 Power specifications Operating temperature For models TC120 SV1 TC20 SV1 TC120 PH2 an...

Страница 71: ...and chips Table 9 8 Physical specifications for models TC120 SV1 and TC20 SV1 Diameter 97 mm Height 160 mm body and connector 167 mm on fixed studs 230 mm on optional 70 mm spikes Weight 3 2 kg Housi...

Страница 72: ...port site at http support nanometrics ca l From the IRIS DMC Library of Nominal Responses for Seismic Instruments at http ds iris edu NRL Figure 10 1 is a bode plot that shows the nominal ground motio...

Страница 73: ...models Table 10 1 provides the ground motion response nominal parameters for 120 s and 20 s models The ground motion sensitivity at f0 assumes an infinite input impedance at the digitizer Chapter 10...

Страница 74: ...alization factor 4 34493 1017 4 34491 1017 rad s 5 f0 Normalization frequency 1 1 Hz s Ground motion sensitivity at f0 754 3 753 1 V s m Table 10 1 Ground motion response nominal parameters for 120 s...

Страница 75: ...self noise for Trillium Compact seismometers Three curves are included for reference Peterson s new low noise model NLNM and new high noise model NHNM and McNamara and Buland s probability density fu...

Страница 76: ...Figure 10 2 Noise floor figure for 120 s models Chapter 10 Performance 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 76...

Страница 77: ...cation compare the noise floor to the Trillium Compact seismometer clip level using Figure 10 4 For the purpose of comparing noise floors to clip levels Figure 10 4 converts power spectral densities u...

Страница 78: ...Figure 10 4 Trillium Compact seismometer performance Chapter 10 Performance 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 78...

Страница 79: ...sition 4 V to 4 V analog D CTRL RX Calibration enable Short Period Long Period mode OR Serial RS 232 receive input See Digital Control Input Signals on page 55 and Viewing Seismometer Control on page...

Страница 80: ...RX Calibration enable Short Period Long Period mode OR Serial RS 232 receive input See Digital Control Input Signals on page 55 and Viewing Seismometer Control on page 64 for pin configuration and fu...

Страница 81: ...MUM MASS POSITION l Ensure the cable length is sufficient to allow for strain relief l Ensure that the peak current requirement of the Trillium Compact does not result in a voltage drop along the cabl...

Страница 82: ...tures and Dimensions 12 1 Trillium Compact models TC120 SV1 and TC20 SV1 All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise stated Figure 12 1 Top view Chapter 12 Features and Dimensions 16889R10 2020...

Страница 83: ...Figure 12 2 Bottom view Figure 12 3 Side view Chapter 12 Features and Dimensions 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 83...

Страница 84: ...hole models TC120 PH2 TC120 PH2 XC TC20 PH2 and TC20 PH2 XC All dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise stated Figure 12 4 Top view Figure 12 5 Bottom view Chapter 12 Features and Dimensions 16...

Страница 85: ...Figure 12 6 Side view Chapter 12 Features and Dimensions 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 85...

Страница 86: ...12 3 Trillium Compact Features and Dimensions Optional 70 mm spikes Figure 12 7 Side view available for posthole models only Chapter 12 Features and Dimensions 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 86...

Страница 87: ...llation site for example name of building location of seismometer within building depth of hole other Date of installation mm dd yyyy Duration of installation Permanent or temporary If temporary expec...

Страница 88: ...___ Others describe Seasonal temperature ranges C _____________ January 1 to March 31 _____________ April 1 to June 30 _____________ July 1 to September 30 _____________ October 1 to December 31 Orien...

Страница 89: ...ning surge This section provides a general grounding scheme and guidelines for grounding a Trillium Compact seismometer in a metal cased hole an uncased hole or in a vault installation or test lab B 1...

Страница 90: ...e that is installed in an uncased hole In a direct burial installation the seismometer itself provides the system earth ground When the case of the seismometer and all other equipment is connected to...

Страница 91: ...epth To minimize this voltage difference connect the digitizer chassis ground to the borehole casing at the wellhead A steel borehole casing provides an excellent earth ground for all equipment at the...

Страница 92: ...site In these instances a separate earth ground should be constructed via a suitable ground stake or buried screen Connect the case ground of the digitizer to the earth ground and connect the case gro...

Страница 93: ...f the mains power system typically via the case ground of an AC DC power supply Connect case ground of the seismometer and all other equipment to case ground of the digitizer via shielded cables as pr...

Страница 94: ...plug included with carrying case and a leveling cradle Nanometrics part number 16863 The case provides cushioning protection and makes transport of the Trillium Compact and its accessories easy with...

Страница 95: ...Figure C 1 Cut away illustration of a packed carrying case Appendix C Carrying Case 16889R10 2020 11 12 Page 95...

Страница 96: ...up to 5 and the deep bowl corrects by up to 9 The Trillium Compact rests on three slanted supports that create a bowl shape Using the leveling bubble on the top of the case simply adjust the seismome...

Страница 97: ...lation on unprepared surfaces such as sediment soil sand or gravel The leveling cradle spike kit includes three types of spikes each of which is meant for a different type of installation surface l Th...

Страница 98: ...e feet of the cradle l For rocky or frozen soil or ice thread the single long spike into the threaded hole in the center of the cradle If more support is needed also thread the three thin spikes into...

Страница 99: ...ability of the cradle by gently pressing down on a corner of the leveling cradle It should remain stable and the leveling bubble should not move Appendix D Leveling Cradle and Spike Kit 16889R10 2020...

Страница 100: ...3 The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS AND ANY EXPR...

Страница 101: ...e GPS Global Positioning System MLNM Mode Low Noise Model NHNM New High Noise Model NLNM New Low Noise Model PDF Probability Density Function PWR Power RMA Return Merchandise Authorization RMS Root Me...

Страница 102: ...Celsius mL milliliter cm centimeter mm millimeter dB decibel ms millisecond DC direct current MTU maximum transmission unit F farad mV millivolt ft foot mW milliwatt g gram N Newton g gravity nF nano...

Страница 103: ...We specialize in collecting and analyzing critical real time data for global regional and local seismic networks We deliver world class network design installation and training services throughout th...

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