Glossary
Multi-Tech Systems, Inc. RouteFinder RF850/860 User Guide (PN S000400E)
184
Firewall
– A device that serves to shield and thus protect a (partial) network (e.g., RouteFinder) from another
network (e.g. the Internet). The entire network traffic runs via the firewall where it can be controlled and
regulated. Technically, this can be achieved in different ways. The use of special hardware firewalls is rare.
More frequent is the use of routers with firewall options using firewall software on a dedicated computer.
Gateway
– A combination of hardware and software that links two different types of networks. E.g., gateways
between email systems allow users on different email systems to exchange messages.
Hacker
– A person who tries to, and/or succeeds at defeating computer security measures.
Hacking Lexicon
– The terms used by hackers; entire dictionaries exist to document hacking terms (e.g.,
http://www.robertgraham.com/pubs/hacking-dict.html
). These documents clarify many of the terms used within
the context of information security (infosec).
Hash
– A one-way security function that takes an input message of arbitrary length and produces a fixed-length
digest. Used in SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm).
Header
–
The portion of a packet, preceding the actual data, containing source and destination information. It
may also error checking and other fields. A header is also the part of an electronic mail message that precedes
the body of a message and contains, among other things, the message originator, date and time
Host
– In client-server architectures, the computer on which the server software is running is called the host. It
is possible for several servers to be running on one host, e.g. one FTP server and one email server. Hosts can
be accessed with the help of clients; e.g., with a browser or an email program. A host is also called a node in the
Internet. Using an Internet host (as opposed to a local host), it is possible to work from a distance (remote
access).
Host
– A computer that allows users to communicate with other host computers on a network. Individual users
communicate by using application programs, such as electronic mail, Telnet, and FTP.
HTTPS (
aka,
S-HTTP)
– Secure HyperText Transfer Protocol, a secure way of transferring information over the
World Wide Web. HTTPS refers to the entry (e.g.,
https://192.168.2.100
) used for an S-HTTPS connection. S-
HTTPS is the IETF RFC that describes syntax for securing messages sent using the Hypertext Transfer
Protocol (HTTP), which forms the basis for the World Wide Web. S-HTTP provides independently applicable
security services for transaction confidentiality, authenticity/integrity and non-reputability of origin. S-HTTP
emphasizes maximum flexibility in choice of key management mechanisms, security policies and cryptographic
algorithms by supporting option negotiation between parties for each transaction.
ICMP
– The
Internet Control Message Protocol
notifies the IP datagrams sender about abnormal events.
ICMP might indicate, for example, that an IP datagram cannot reach an intended destination, cannot connect to
the requested service, or that the network has dropped a datagram due to old age. ICMP also returns
information to the transmitter, such as end-to-end delay for datagram transmission.
IETF
(
Internet Engineering Task Force
)
– The international standards body that has standardized the IP
protocol and most of the other successful protocols used on the Internet. The IETF web page is at
http://www.ietf.org/
.
IKE (Internet Key Exchange)
– A hybrid Internet protocol used to establish a shared security policy and
authenticated “keys” for services, such as IPSec, that require keys.
IP
– The
Internet Protocol
(IP) is the basic protocol for the transmission of Internet information. It has been in
use virtually unchanged since 1974. It establishes and ends connections, as well as recognizing errors. By using
NAT and Masquerading, private networks can be mapped onto official IP addresses. This way, the Ipv4 address
space will still last a long time. Standard Internet open protocols include:
Protocol
Function
TCP/IP
basic network communication
HTTP
browsing
NFS
File Service
IMAP4/SMTP
Service
DNS
Naming
Service
DNS/LDAP
Directory
Services
Bootp/DHCP
Booting Services
SNMP
Network Administration
