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G2 Camera Revisions

G2 series of CCD cameras underwent several revisions, each implementing
various enhancements, new printed circuits boards with latest electronics
components and utilizing all gained experience and new ideas.

Revision 1

The first introduced G2 camera. Only G2-0400 model with KAF0402ME CCD
was available in this revision.

●

Cameras used USB 1.1 interface working at 12 Mbps transfer speed.

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Camera driver was called “g2ccd”.

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Image download time was approx. 3-times longer compared to
revision 4.

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Peltier hot side was cooled by two fans.

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Desiccant container was hidden inside the camera head, it was
necessary to open the head to exchange it.

●

Internal filter wheel has 98 mm diameter.

Revision 2

The second revision of G2 cameras added models G2-1600 and G2-3200 and

Содержание G2-0402

Страница 1: ...G2 CCD Camera User s Guide ...

Страница 2: ...rized for and should not be used within Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of the Moravian Instruments Product warranty is limited to repair or replacement of defective components and does not cover injury or property or other consequential damages Copyright 2000 2016 Moravian Instruments Moravian Instruments Masarykova 1148 763 02 Zlín Czech Republic tel fax 420 577 107 171...

Страница 3: ... Model G2 3200 17 Model G2 8300 17 Model G2 2000 17 Model G2 4000 17 CCD Cooling and Power Supply 18 Power Supply 18 Mechanical Specifications 21 Telescope adapters 23 Camera Maintenance 26 Desiccant exchange 26 Changing the silica gel 27 Changing Filters 29 Opening the camera head 29 Changing the Whole Filter Wheel 31 Changing the Telescope Adapter 31 Power Supply Fuse 31 G2 Camera Revisions 32 R...

Страница 4: ...l cameras which are operated independently on the computer the scientific slow scan cooled cameras usually require computer for operation control image download processing and storage etc To operate the G2 camera you need a computer which 1 Is compatible with a PC standard 2 Runs a modern 32 bit or 64 bit Windows operating system Drivers for 32 bit and 64 bit Linux systems are also provided but ca...

Страница 5: ...cameras it is possible to insert e g WiFi bridge or other networking device to the communication path The G2 CCD camera needs an external power supply to operate It is not possible to run the camera from the power lines provided by the USB cable which is common for webcams or very simple imagers G2 CCD cameras integrate highly efficient CCD chip cooling shutter and filter wheel so their power requ...

Страница 6: ...two different variants Camera with internal filter wheel Camera with control port for external filter wheel This model allows attachment of several variants of external filter wheels with various number of filter positions and sizes Illustration 1 G2 camera without filter wheel left with internal filter wheel middle and with attached external filter wheel right 6 ...

Страница 7: ...Illustration 2 Schematic diagram of G2 camera system components 7 ...

Страница 8: ...d 7 Thin spacer Camera with internal filter wheel and this spacer has the same back focal distance as camera with external filter wheel 8 Thick spacer Camera without internal filter wheel and this spacer has the same back focal distance as camera with external filter wheel 9 Nikon bayonet adapter for Nikon compatible lenses 10 Canon EOS bayonet adapter for Canon compatible lenses 11 T thread M42 0...

Страница 9: ...ghboring pixels when image is over exposed to ensure linear response to light through the whole dynamic range FF CCD detectors used for astrophotography are equipped with ABG to eliminate disrupting blooming streaks within field of view Cameras with Full Frame non ABG detectors are suitable for scientific applications where linear response is necessary for photometric applications in astronomy mic...

Страница 10: ...is also known as electronic shuttering because it allows very short exposures and also digitization of the image without mechanically shielding of the detector from incoming light Also G2 cameras with IT CCDs are equipped with mechanical shutter because electronic shutter does not allow dark frame exposures necessary for proper image calibration etc The price for electronic shutter if lower quantu...

Страница 11: ...0 camera is available in the G2 8300C version with color CCD detector with Bayer mask capable of single shot color images G2 camera models with Interline Transfer CCD detectors Model G2 2000 G2 2000C G2 4000 G2 4000C CCD chip KAI 2020 KAI 2020 KAI 4022 KAI 4022 Resolution 1604 1204 1604 1204 2056 2062 2056 2062 Pixel size 7 4 7 4 µm 7 4 7 4 µm 7 4 7 4 µm 7 4 7 4 µm CCD area 11 8 9 0 mm 11 8 9 0 mm...

Страница 12: ...ed by one of three basic color filters it is necessary to compute interpolate remaining two colors for each pixel which of course limits resolution of color image Imaging using color detectors is described in the Color images chapter CCD Chip Quantum efficiency sensitivity of CCD detectors used in G2 cameras depends on the particular camera model Inherent dark current of these detectors is quite l...

Страница 13: ...ut node capacity Approx 220 000 e Dark current 1 e s pixel at 0 C Dark signal doubling 6 3 C Model G2 1600 G2 1600 model uses 1 6 MPx Kodak KAF 1603ME Resolution 1536 1024 pixels Pixel size 9 9 µm Imaging area 13 8 9 2 mm Full well capacity Approx 100 000 e Output node capacity Approx 220 000 e 13 Illustration 6 Dark current of Kodak CCD detectors used in G2 cameras ...

Страница 14: ...C Dark signal doubling 6 C Model G2 8300 G2 8300 model uses 8 MPx Kodak KAF 8300 Resolution 3358 2536 pixels Pixel size 5 4 5 4 µm Imaging area 18 1 13 7 mm Full well capacity Approx 25 000 e Output node capacity Approx 55 000 e Dark current 0 15 e s pixel at 0 C Dark signal doubling 5 8 C KAF 8300 CCD detector with color Bayer mask can be used in the G2 8300C camera Model G2 2000 G2 2000 uses 2 M...

Страница 15: ...r with color Bayer mask can be used in the G2 4000C camera Camera Electronics Remark Stated values are valid for G2 cameras revision 4 Previous revisions could differ in some parameters Refer to chapter G2 Camera Revisions for differences among individual revisions Some parameters e g camera gain are defined by the used system driver so they depend on the version of actually used driver If the Gx ...

Страница 16: ...d independently on both axes Image download time and system read noise depends on the CCD chip used in particular camera model Model G2 0402 Gain 1 5e ADU 1 1 binning 2 0e ADU other binnings System read noise 15 e Low Noise mode 17 e Preview mode Full frame download 0 7 s Low Noise mode 0 5 s Preview mode Model G2 1600 Gain 1 5e ADU 1 1 binning 2 0e ADU other binnings System read noise 15 e Low No...

Страница 17: ...ise 8 e Low Noise mode 9 e Preview mode Full frame download 14 2 s Low Noise mode 9 8 s Preview mode Model G2 2000 Gain 0 4 e ADU 1 1 binning 0 8 e ADU other binnings System read noise 7 e Low Noise mode 9 e Preview mode Full frame download 3 1 s Low Noise mode 2 1 s Preview mode Model G2 4000 Gain 0 4 e ADU 1 1 binning 0 8 e ADU other binnings System read noise 7 e Low Noise mode 9 e Preview mode...

Страница 18: ...ons and also on the power supply If the power supply voltage drops below 12 V the maximum temperature drop is lower CCD chip cooling Thermoelectric Peltier modules TEC modules Two stages Maximal T 50 C below ambient Regulated T 48 C below ambient 85 cooling Regulation precision 0 1 C Hot side cooling Forced air cooling fan Optional heat exchanger for liquid coolant Maximum temperature difference b...

Страница 19: ...ied 12 V AC DC power supply Camera consumes less energy from 12 V power supply than state here The camera contains its own power supplies inside so it can be powered by unregulated 12 V DC power source the input voltage can be anywhere between 10 and 14 V However some parameters like cooling efficiency can degrade if the supply drops below 12 V G2 CCD camera measures its input voltage and provides...

Страница 20: ...Warning The power connector on the camera head uses center plus pin Although all modern power supplies use this configuration always make sure the polarity is correct if you use own power source 20 ...

Страница 21: ...ers without cells only a glass is also available Internal mechanical shutter Yes blade shutter Shortest exposure time 0 1 s Longest exposure time Limited by chip saturation only Internal filter wheel 5 positions for 1 25 threaded filter cells or for 31 mm glass only filters 6 positions for 26 5 mm glass only filters Head dimensions 114 114 77 5 mm with internal filter wheel 114 114 65 mm without f...

Страница 22: ...Illustration 8 G2 camera head front view dimensions Illustration 9 G2 camera head with internal filter wheel side view dimensions 22 ...

Страница 23: ...cope and lens adapters for the G2 cameras are offered Users can choose any adapter according to their needs and another adapters can be ordered separately It is possible to choose among various telescope lens adapters 2 barrel adapter Adapter for 2 focusers T thread short M42 0 75 mm inner thread 7 5 mm thick 23 ...

Страница 24: ...thread M48 0 75 preserves 55 mm back focal distance Pentax Praktica lens adapter M42 1 mm inner thread preserves 45 5 mm back focal distance M68 1 thread adapter Adapter with inner thread M68 1 Canon EOS lens adapter Standard Canon EOS bayonet adapter Canon EOS clip lens adapter Canon EOS bayonet adapter with the possibility to insert clip filter Can be used on cameras with internal filter wheel o...

Страница 25: ...lar adapter is constructed to preserve defined distance for instance T thread defines back focal distance to 55 mm but certain distance is defined also for Pentax Praktica thread for Canon EOS and Nikon bayonets etc Adapters are attached to the camera body using four M3 3 mm metric screws placed on the corners of 44 mm square Custom adapters can be made upon request 25 ...

Страница 26: ...very low temperatures This is why a cylindrical container filled with silica gel desiccant is placed inside the camera head This cylindrical chamber is connected with the insulated cooled CCD chamber itself Warning High level of moisture inside the CCD cold chamber can cause camera malfunction or even damage to the CCD sensor Even if the frost does not create on the detector when the CCD is cooled...

Страница 27: ...absorb moisture depends on the ambient temperature If the camera is located in the environment with below freezing point temperatures drying of the CCD cold chamber can take up to several days Illustration 11 Silica gel container is accessible from the camera back side Changing the silica gel The desiccant container design depends on the camera revision G2 cameras revisions 1 and 2 employed desicc...

Страница 28: ...p but the whole container can be unscrewed The main advantage of this design is the ability to exchange silica gel without the necessity to remove the camera from the telescope which was necessary to be able to pour out the silica gel and then to pour it in Silica gel is held inside the container with a perforated cap This cap is also screwed into the container body so it is easy to exchange the s...

Страница 29: ...ing camera head together Opening the camera head The blade shutter rotates 180 between individual snapshots Camera cover could be opened only when the shutter fully closed covers the CCD If for instance the camera is unplugged from power adapter while exposing the shutter remains open Camera cannot be opened in such case Warning Shutter can be damaged while removing the camera cover if not in prop...

Страница 30: ...nics board It is not necessary to unplug these cables to change filters but if you unplug them take care to connect them again in the proper orientation Illustration 13 Filter positions are marked on the filter wheel Illustration 14 Filters cane be exchanged after removing of the camera front cover 30 ...

Страница 31: ...ing the Telescope Adapter The camera head contains bolt square The telescope adapter is attached by four bolts If you want to change the adapter simply unscrew these bolts and replace the adapter with the new one Power Supply Fuse The power supply inside the camera is protected against connecting of inverted polarity power plug or against connecting of too high DC voltage above 15 V by a fuse If s...

Страница 32: ...l with KAF0402ME CCD was available in this revision Cameras used USB 1 1 interface working at 12 Mbps transfer speed Camera driver was called g2ccd Image download time was approx 3 times longer compared to revision 4 Peltier hot side was cooled by two fans Desiccant container was hidden inside the camera head it was necessary to open the head to exchange it Internal filter wheel has 98 mm diameter...

Страница 33: ...er version of the digital electronics was developed for the new G3 series of CCD cameras with detectors up to 36 24 mm digital electronics board is the same for various models of the same series individual models differ in analog electronics designed for every particular type of CCD The same electronic module was later reused also in G2 cameras and even later in the even bigger G4 series The third...

Страница 34: ...same software compatible electronics and thus also the same driver More exactly two drivers for two versions of these cameras were introduced one for Full Frame KAF CCD based cameras g3ccdF and the second for Interline Transfer detectors KAI CCD based cameras g3ccdI Differentiation is necessary because of fundamental differences in driving of CCD chips of the above mentioned architectures Number o...

Страница 35: ...e significantly redesigned New chambers bring better CCD insulation from the environment and thus require less frequent desiccant exchanges They also allow usage of CCDs without cover glass which are much more demanding to insulation absence of moisture etc New digital electronics uses 480 Mbps USB 2 0 interface Gx cameras use only a small fraction the transfer capacity of this interface so moving...

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