4.
M&K’S DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
Our philosophy is that exciting and lifelike sound and music reproduction takes place when your ears, in effect, become the
recording microphones. Our speakers are designed to allow you to hear exactly what the microphones heard, placing you as close
or as far away from the music or sound source as the recording engineer placed the microphones.
Too many so-called "music" loudspeakers are designed with a philosophy that all recordings should sound as if the music
comes from a stage 10 or 20 rows distant, even if a recording is closely miked with performers as close as a few inches from the
microphones (as is often done on film soundtracks, especially for dialog).
This "homogenizing" effect may be pleasant for some music recordings, but it inaccurately reproduces both close-miked
recordings and those recordings that accurately capture the acoustic space of a recording site. This is why many "music" speak-
ers do so poorly when trying to reproduce both the intensity and intimacy of closely miked sound effects and dialog on today's best
soundtracks.
As an audiophile recording engineer and a high-end loudspeaker designer, my strong belief has always been that a good loud-
speaker should accurately and realistically reproduce whatever the microphone captured, whether the source is a human voice, a
musical instrument, an explosion, car crash, etc; including the acoustical ambiance of the environment in which the source was
recorded.
Ken Kreisel
co-founder and CEO
M&K Sound Co.
5.
THE LOGIC BEHIND BASS MANAGEMENT
OBSERVATIONS by Ken Kreisel
Engineers mixing multi-channel audio (Stereo, Dolby Surround, 5.1 Dolby Digital, DTS, and other surround-sound formats)
are faced with numerous challenges when trying to accurately monitor complex and dynamic material, and determine how this
material will sound in its intended playback space. These issues include reproducing 5, 7, or more channels of full range audio,
plus an optional Low Frequency Effects channel (LFE), all of which have a bandwidth to 10Hz or below, with very high dynamic
range, and achieving consistent bass response from all the channels throughout the control room monitoring area.
Any studio designer will tell you that for a stereo mix environment it is crucial that the left and right monitor speakers, when in
their selected studio location, have near identical bass response when measured at the mixer's position. No less is true in multi-
channel mixing. Proper low frequency equalization and mixing decisions are difficult, if not impossible, unless all 5.1 or more chan-
nels have the same bass frequency response at the mixers listening position.
Due to unavoidable room modes, five or more correctly placed full range speakers, (in even the most perfectly designed stu-
dio) will produce dramatically different low frequency characteristics at the mix position. This is especially true for the very crucial
center channel speaker. Variations of 10 to 20dB may be measured at frequencies below 80Hz.
When the bass from all the channels is redirected into a single, PROPERLY placed subwoofer, then each and all of the mul-
tiple channels exhibits the identical bass response at the listening position, and gives surprisingly even coverage in virtually every
control room. Simply stated bass management is putting an electronic bass frequency crossover (typically 80Hz) on all the chan-
nels, and redirecting the bass frequencies below 80Hz from each of the channels to a common subwoofer.
By combining a carefully designed low frequency acoustic rolloff of all the main speakers, including the surrounds, and a
matching 2nd order electronic filter in the M&K Bass Management Controller, M&K achieves all the theoretical benefits of a 4th
order Linkwitz-Riley filter. In addition, to further create a seamless bass managed system, we use only non-ported sealed cabinet
designs on all our speakers and subwoofers, eliminating ported speaker phase anomalies which would prohibit smooth transitions
at the bass managed crossover frequency.
Another good reason for using bass management in the control room is that even the least expensive Dolby Digital consumer
decoder, found in millions of homes, has bass management built in, allowing the bass from all channels to be fed to a single sub-
woofer. Also, all Home THX systems utilize an 80Hz bass management system. Monitoring with proper bass management in the
professional control room insures proper playback translation into the "home theater" environment and into larger spaces such as
motion picture theaters.
It is important to understand that Bass Management is done as a function of the monitoring system and in no way affects the
actual mix. Full frequency musical content, is assigned or panned around the room via normal console or software operations to
the various desired subjective locations such as Left, Center, Right, Left Surround, and so on. This full frequency musical data
corresponding to each speaker location channel is stored normally on tape, hard drive, etc.
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