27
Owner’s Manual
Owner’
s Manual
* In Tracktion, it is not necessary to mute the output
of the track you are overdubbing on. Instead, select the
input to the track (it will be highlighted in red) and dis-
able the end-to-end function.
You’ll hear existing tracks playing back via the
FireWire in, and you’ll be monitoring the track you are
recording through the U.420d’s headphones or main out.
When you play back the recording, you’ll hear the track
you’ve just overdubbed without un-muting anything.
Other tips
• If recording with a microphone, turn down the
large volume knob [36] while recording, and
listen through the headphones instead.
• If recording “direct” sources such as an electric
guitar or a turntable, you can listen with speak-
ers, as there is no microphone present to worry
about the speaker’s sound leaking in.
• One drawback of using direct hardware moni-
toring (vs. through-DAW monitoring) is that
the track you are recording will not normally
be able to take advantage of any effects that
the DAW’s mixer has to offer, such as a reverb
on the vocal being recorded, or a guitar amp
simulation on a directly attached instrument,
without introducing an unacceptable amount of
latency. One workaround is as follows:
• Set the latency on your DAW to as low as
the computer can handle, and check the
U.420d software console panel shows the
same value (see page 29 for more details).
• Do not mute the channel on the DAW that
is being recorded. This will allow you to
hear a mixture of the direct hardware
monitor, and the through-DAW signal.
• Apply the effect of choice (reverb, amp
emulation) to the DAW track, which you
will hear mixed in with the direct hardware
monitor source.
• As long as the latency is set low enough,
the timing difference between the direct
and through-DAW signal should be small
enough to not cause distraction.
A word or three about latency
Latency describes the amount of time it takes the
input signal to pass through the system, and reach
the output. When recording a guitar and monitoring
through software, it is the amount of time it takes from
the moment you strike your guitar string, to the mo-
ment you hear it in your headphones. You are used to
this latency being very close to zero; when you play your
guitar through a guitar amp, you hear the signal imme-
diately. So when you are recording and monitoring via
software, you want this latency (delay time) to be as low
as possible.
We would like to set the latency as low as possible, but
the smaller it is, the harder the computer will have to
work. If the latency is very small, the computer needs to
work very hard to quickly transfer the audio in and out.
It may not even be able to keep up, especially if there
are lots of tracks, lots of automation and/or lots of plug-
ins in your work. If this happens, your audio may stop or
“drop out.” Drop outs may also occur if you have a slower
computer or not enough memory.
When recording using the overdub method, it is
important to set the U.420d’s latency to it’s lowest oper-
able setting. This means going into the audio interface
property page of your recording program and setting the
latency property to the lowest setting the device and
your system will accept without any drop-outs, distor-
tion or CPU overburdening.
The buffer is an area of computer memory that your
DAW uses to hold audio as it works. The smaller the
buffer, the faster audio gets in and out of your com-
puter, and the lower the latency. The size of the buffer
is measured in samples. Depending on your system, a
low setting is typically between 64 and 256 samples. The
more samples, the higher the latency time value. This
time value varies by sample rate, as shown in this table.
It is generally accepted that delay or latency times of
3.3 ms or less, are tolerable for musical timing accuracy.
Higher latency settings are fine and even necessary
when in live record or performance mode. The same is
true for mix-down mode, especially when you start add-
ing lots of plug-ins.
Samples 44.1 kHz
48 kHz
96 kHz
64
1.5 ms
1.3 ms
0.7 ms
128
2.9 ms
2.7 ms
1.3 ms
256
5.8 ms
5.3 ms
2.7 ms
