16
LT1425
APPLICATIO
N
S I
N
FOR
M
ATIO
N
W
U
U
U
Average supply current (including driver current) is:
I
SW
35
)
)
I
IN
= 7mA + DC
where,
I
SW
= Switch current
DC = On switch duty cycle
Switch power dissipation is given by:
P
SW
= (I
SW
)
2
(R
SW
)(DC)
R
SW
= Output switch ON resistance
Total power dissipation of the die is the sum of supply
current times supply voltage plus switch power:
P
D(TOTAL)
= (I
IN
• V
IN
) + P
SW
FREQUENCY COMPENSATION
Loop frequency compensation is performed by connect-
ing a capacitor from the output of the error amplifier (V
C
pin) to ground. An additional series resistor, often
required in traditional current mode switcher controllers
is usually not required, and can even prove detrimental.
The phase margin improvement traditionally offered by
this extra resistor will usually be already accomplished by
the nonzero secondary circuit impedance, which adds a
“zero” to the loop response.
In further contrast to traditional current mode switchers,
V
C
pin ripple is generally not an issue with the LT1425. The
dynamic nature of the clamped feedback amplifier forms
an effective track/hold type response, whereby the V
C
voltage changes during the flyback pulse, but is then
“held” during the subsequent “switch ON” portion of the
next cycle. This action naturally holds the V
C
voltage stable
during the current comparator sense action (current mode
switching).
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
For maximum efficiency, switch rise and fall times are
made as short as practical. To prevent radiation and high
frequency resonance problems, proper layout of the com-
ponents connected to the IC is essential, especially the
power paths (primary
and secondary). B field (magnetic)
radiation is minimized by keeping output diode, switch pin
and output bypass capacitor leads as short as possible. E
field radiation is kept low by minimizing the length and
area of all traces connected to the switch pin. A ground
plane should always be used under the switcher circuitry
to prevent interplane coupling.
The high speed switching current paths are shown sche-
matically in Figure 2. Minimum lead length in these paths
are essential to ensure clean switching and minimal EMI.
The path containing the input capacitor, transformer pri-
mary, output switch, the path containing the transformer
secondary, output diode and output capacitor are the only
ones containing nanosecond rise and fall times. Keep
these paths as short as possible.
HIGH
FREQUENCY
CIRCULATING
PATH
•
•
V
OUT
V
IN
HIGH
FREQUENCY
CIRCULATING
PATH
ISOLATED
LOAD
1425 F02
F
Figure 2
