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arrive.
Router Discovery messages do not constitute a routing protocol; they merely enable
hosts to discover the existence of neighboring routers, but not which router provides a
route to a particular destination. If a host chooses a poor first-hop router for a particular
destination, it should receive an ICMP Redirect from that router, identifying a better one.

4.2.5.Proxy ARP

When a node in the attached subnetwork does not have routing or a default gateway
configured, ARP Proxy can be used to forward an ARP request to a remote subnetwork.
When the switch receives an ARP request for a remote network and ARP Proxy is
enabled, it determines if it has the best route to the remote network, and then answers
the ARP request by sending its own MAC address to the requesting node. That node
then sends traffic to the switch, which in turn uses its own routing table to forward the
traffic to the remote destination.
End stations that require Proxy ARP must view the entire network as a single network.
These nodes must therefore use a smaller subnet mask than that used by the switch or
other relevant network devices. Note that extensive use of Proxy ARP can adversely
affect the performance of the switch because it may lead to increased ARP traffic and
increased search time for larger ARP address tables.

4.2.6.Routing Protocols

The switch supports both static and dynamic routing.
• Static routing requires routing information to be stored in the switch either manually or

when a connection is set up by an application outside the switch.

• Dynamic routing uses a routing protocol to exchange routing information, calculate

routing tables, and respond to changes in the status or loading of the network.

Dynamic routing involves the determination and updating of all the routing information
required for packet forwarding, as listed on chapter 4 “Routing Path Management”.
• Handling routing protocols
• Updating the routing table
• Updating the Layer 3 switching database
The switch supports RIP, RIP-2 and OSPFv2 dynamic routing protocols.

4.2.6.1.RIP and RIP-2 Dynamic Routing Protocols

The RIP protocol is the most widely used routing protocol. The RIP protocol uses a
distance-vector-based approach to routing. Routes are determined on the basis of
minimizing the distance vector, or hop count, which serves as a rough estimate of
transmission cost. Each router broadcasts its advertisement every 30 seconds, together

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Содержание GSW-2600TXM

Страница 1: ...velOne GSW 2600TXM Intelligent Switch User s Guide Multilayer 24 Port Intelligent Fast Ethernet Switch with 24 10BASE T 100BASE TX RJ 45 Ports and 2 Slots for Optional Gigabit Uplink Modules RJ 45 FIB...

Страница 2: ...witch Management 9 1 1 Configuration Options 9 1 2 Required Connections 9 1 2 1 Console Port Out of Band Connections 9 1 2 2 Remote Management Via the Console Port 10 1 2 2 1 Configuring the Switch Si...

Страница 3: ...1 VLAN Port Configuration 43 2 5 4 2 VLAN Table Configuration 46 2 5 5 Configuring IGMP Snooping 47 2 5 6 Configuring IP Settings 48 2 5 6 1 Subnet Configuration 49 2 5 6 2 Protocol Configuration 57 2...

Страница 4: ...lay 109 3 2 4 Port State Display 109 3 2 5 Configuring the Serial Port 110 3 3 Main Menu 111 3 4 System Information Menu 113 3 4 1 Displaying System Information 113 3 4 2 Displaying Switch Version Inf...

Страница 5: ...Configuring MAC Address Filters 150 3 6 7 2 Configuring IP Address Filters 151 3 6 7 3 Configuring Security Mode 151 3 7 Monitoring the Switch 152 3 7 1 Displaying Port Statistics 152 3 7 1 1 Display...

Страница 6: ...l Routing 182 4 3 Virtual LANs 182 4 3 1 Assigning Ports to VLANs 183 4 3 1 1 VLAN Classification 183 4 3 1 2 Port Overlapping 184 4 3 1 3 Port based VLANs 184 4 3 1 4 Automatic VLAN Registration GVRP...

Страница 7: ...7 1 6 Group Attribute Registration Protocol 197 7 1 7 Generic Multicast Registration Protocol GMRP 197 7 1 8 ICMP Router Discovery 197 7 1 9 Internet Control Message Protocol ICMP 198 7 1 10 IEEE 802...

Страница 8: ...8 7 1 29 Spanning Tree Protocol STP 200 7 1 30 Telnet 200 7 1 31 Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP 200 7 1 32 Virtual LAN VLAN 200 7 1 33 XModem 200...

Страница 9: ...sable any port Set the communication mode for any port Configure SNMP parameters Add ports to network VLANs Configure IP routing and multicast VLANs Display system information or statistics Configure...

Страница 10: ...1 2 2 2 Configuring the Remote Site At the remote site connect the PC s COM port COM 1 4 to the modem s serial port Set terminal emulation type to VT100 specify the port used by your PC i e COM 1 4 a...

Страница 11: ...the management station has joined several VLANs you can manage the switch via any of these IP addresses 3 This switch supports four concurrent Telnet sessions 4 The onboard program only provides acces...

Страница 12: ...rator has Read Write access to all configuration parameters and statistics while the guest has Read Only access to the management program You should define a new administrator password record it and p...

Страница 13: ...r 2 Address Table Bridge Menu VLAN Menu IP Multicast Registration Table 1 IP Menu 2 Spanning Tree Bridge Information Spanning Tree Port Information VLAN Dynamic Registration Information VLAN Forwardin...

Страница 14: ...ys to move Enter to select 1 For Management Model it will display Management Switch The operation mode is only display on intelligent switch Menu Description Operation Mode The text string in the top...

Страница 15: ...ARP table entries static routes and the default route Security Menu Configures MAC and IP address filtering And configures the learning function and Uplink port Network Monitor Menu Port Statistics D...

Страница 16: ...ding contact information Switch Information Shows hardware firmware version numbers power status and expansion modules used in the switch 2 3 1 Displaying System Information Use the System Information...

Страница 17: ...to display hardware firmware version numbers for the main board as well as the power status Switch Information Hardware Version R01 Firmware Version V1 00 Serial Number 00 E8 00 34 00 00 Port Number...

Страница 18: ...ow keys to move Enter to select Menu Description Network Configuration Includes IP setup Ping facility and HTTP setup for the onboard Web agent Serial Port Configuration Sets communication parameters...

Страница 19: ...to test IP connectivity to a specified device HTTP Configuration Screen used to enable the Web agent This menu does not appear if the switch is set to multilayer mode In this case you need to configur...

Страница 20: ...pted by the configuration program Subnet Mask Subnet mask of the switch This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets Default Gateway Gateway used to pass trap messag...

Страница 21: ...ity Test Ping IP Address 0 0 0 0 Test Times 0 Success 0 Failure 0 Start CANCEL IP address to test READ WRITE Use TAB or arrow keys to move other keys to make changes Parameter Description IP Address I...

Страница 22: ...ng to this port see Required Connections on chapter 1 The communication parameters for this port can be accessed from the Serial Port Configuration screen shown below and described in the following ta...

Страница 23: ...the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent which monitors the status of its hardware as well as the traffic passing through its ports A computer attached to...

Страница 24: ...Cancel The community name of entry 1 READ WRITE Use TAB or arrow keys to move other keys to make changes Parameter Description Community Name A community entry authorized for management access Maximum...

Страница 25: ...nagement access Status Sets administrative status of selected entry to enabled or disabled 2 4 4 User Log in Configuration Use the User Configuration menu to restrict management access based on specif...

Страница 26: ...screens GUEST Read Only for all screens Console Authorizes management via the console Telnet Authorizes management via Telnet HTTP Authorizes management via HTTP i e a Web browser To add a new user s...

Страница 27: ...s of the download operation depends on the accessibility of the TFTP server and the quality of the network connection After downloading the new software the agent will automatically restart itself Par...

Страница 28: ...Download from switch Downloads the current switch configuration to a file on the client PC Upload to switch Uploads a configuration file to the switch from the client PC Note Saving and restoring swit...

Страница 29: ...tion mode mirror ports and port trunking Bridge Menu Configures the Spanning Tree Protocol for the bridge or for specific ports GMRP and GVRP for automatic registration of multicast and VLAN groups tr...

Страница 30: ...layer operation Use TAB or arrow keys to move Enter to select Parameter Description Layer 2 Filtering and forwarding decision will be based on MAC addresses for all protocol traffic Multilayer Switchi...

Страница 31: ...ror Port Configuration Sets the source and target ports for mirroring Port Trunking Configuration Specifies ports to group into aggregate trunks Static Unicast Address Table Used to manually configure...

Страница 32: ...100FX FDX Off FIBER Apply OK Cancel Prev Page Next Page Administrative status for port 1 READ SELECT Use TAB or arrow keys to move Space to scroll options Parameter Default Description Link Status In...

Страница 33: ...should not be used if a port is connected to a hub For the Gigabit modules the options for flow control are set out below Switch Link Partner Flow Control Rcv BothWay SendOnly Switch can only receive...

Страница 34: ...to scroll options 2 5 2 2 Using a Mirror Port for Analysis You can mirror traffic from any source port to a target port for real time analysis You can then attach a logic analyzer or RMON probe to th...

Страница 35: ...heavy loading 2 5 2 3 Configuring Port Trunks Ports can be combined into an aggregate link to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery You can configure trunks betwee...

Страница 36: ...nable the trunk prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a loop You can use the Port Trunking Configuration screen to set up port trunks as shown below Layer 2 Menu Port Tr...

Страница 37: ...both ends of the link via the configuration menu This allows the traffic passing across that link to be automatically distributed to the other links in the trunk without losing any significant amount...

Страница 38: ...dresses are never aged out and traffic with these addresses can be forwarded only to ports specified in this table Layer 2 Menu Multicast Address Table Port 1 2 VLAN Address 12345678901234567890123456...

Страница 39: ...ovide backup links which automatically take over when a primary link goes down For a more detailed description of how to use this algorithm refer to Spanning Tree Algorithm on chapter 4 Bridge Menu Br...

Страница 40: ...ame priority the device with the lowest MAC address will then become the root device Enter a value from 0 65535 Remember that the lower the numeric value the higher the priority Hello Time 2 Time inte...

Страница 41: ...led along with DVMRP See IGMP Protocol on chapter 4 Configuring DVMRP on chapter 2 and Configuring IGMP Snooping on chapter 2 GVRP Disabled GARP VLAN Registration Protocol GVRP defines a way for switc...

Страница 42: ...riority 128 Defines the priority for the use of a port in the STA algorithm If the path cost for all ports on a switch are the same the port with the highest priority that is lowest value will be conf...

Страница 43: ...te domains Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains This can lead to broadcast storms in large networks that handle traffic such as IPX or NetBEUI By using IEEE 802 1Q compliant VLANs you...

Страница 44: ...The interval centiseconds between transmitting requests queries to participate in a group Leave Time 60 The interval centiseconds a port waits before leaving a group This time should be set to more th...

Страница 45: ...ot have priority tags will be placed in the low priority queue of the output port Note that if the output port is an untagged member of the associated VLAN these frames are stripped of all VLAN tags p...

Страница 46: ...be discarded at the ingress port 4 This control does not affect VLAN independent BPDU frames such as GVRP or STP However they do affect VLAN dependent BPDU frames such as GMRP 2 5 4 2 VLAN Table Confi...

Страница 47: ...casting is used to support real time applications such as videoconferencing or streaming audio A multicast server does not have to establish a separate connection with each client It merely broadcasts...

Страница 48: ...s on a specific port and the switch removing that entry from its list Range 3 5 minutes Act as IGMP Querier Disabled If enabled the switch can serve as the querier which is responsible for asking host...

Страница 49: ...figuration Used to map an IP address to a specific physical MAC address Static Route Used to configure static routes to other IP networks subnetworks or hosts Default Route Defines the router to which...

Страница 50: ...esponds to 0 is part of the host number VLAN The VLAN associated with this IP interface RIP Routing Information Protocol for unicast routing OSPF Open Shortest Path First unicast routing protocol DVMR...

Страница 51: ...ss The IP address associated with the specified VLAN interface By convention the last three digits should be set to 254 to readily distinguish this device as a router port Subnet Mask A template that...

Страница 52: ...ry P Adds port as a static entry and sets the port s PVID to this VLAN ID Note Use the Next Page and Prev Page buttons to scroll through the table To display a specific page set the page number in the...

Страница 53: ...ocols on chapter 4 When RIP is enabled on this routing switch it broadcasts RIP messages to all devices in the network every 30 seconds and updates its own routing table when RIP messages are received...

Страница 54: ...work using RIPv2 message RIP2 Multicast Route information is multicast to other routers on the network using RIPv2 message Do Not Send The switch will passively monitor route information transmitted b...

Страница 55: ...0 0 0 0 Router Priority 1 Interface Cost 100 Transit Delay in seconds 1 Retransmit Interval in seconds 5 Hello Interval in seconds 10 Dead Interval in seconds 40 Poll Interval in seconds 120 Authentic...

Страница 56: ...ology changes will be detected However for small intervals more overhead will be incurred in exchanging routing information Range 1 65535 seconds Dead Interval 40 seconds The number of seconds that a...

Страница 57: ...nterval 10 seconds The interval between sending neighbor probe messages to the multicast group address for all DVMRP routers Range 5 30 seconds Neighbor Timeout 35 seconds The interval to wait without...

Страница 58: ...he switch advertises known routes and also enables disables advertising for static routes or the default route OSPF Enables or disables the OSPF routing protocol The Advanced menu organizes an autonom...

Страница 59: ...The time that dynamically learned entries are retained in the ARP cache Range 0 999 minutes where 0 disables aging Setting the RIP Advertisement Policy You can use the following configuration screen...

Страница 60: ...one of these groups This OSPF interface will send and receive OSPF traffic to neighboring OSPF routers You can further optimize the exchange of OSPF traffic by specifying an area range that covers a l...

Страница 61: ...r impact on network performance Before assigning an Area ID to a specific OSPF interface see chapter 2 Configuring OSPF you must first specify the Area ID in this table Each entry in this table identi...

Страница 62: ...hlight the table entry with the cursor and select Enter OSPF Area Range Configuration After you configure an area identifier you can specify a subnetwork address range that covers all the individual n...

Страница 63: ...SPF areas must connect to the backbone If an area does not have a direct physical connection to the backbone you can configure a virtual link that provides a logical path to the backbone To connect an...

Страница 64: ...Link use the Add button To modify or delete a virtual link highlight the table entry with the cursor and select Enter Modifying a Virtual Link You can modify or delete a virtual link by selecting the...

Страница 65: ...uter interface Range 1 65535 seconds Dead Interval 40 seconds The number of seconds that a router s Hello packets have not been seen before the router at the other end of the virtual link is declared...

Страница 66: ...t with a host you can configure this switch to forward any host configuration queries to a server located on another subnet or on another network Depending on the configuration setup the switch either...

Страница 67: ...se the IGMP Snooping Configuration screen to configure multicast filtering as shown below For further details see Configuring IGMP Snooping on chapter 2 IGMP Snooping Configuration IGMP Router Timeout...

Страница 68: ...Address MAC address statically mapped to the corresponding IP address Interface The index number of the IP interface that will use this static ARP entry See chapter 2 Subnet Configuration or Routing...

Страница 69: ...the network portion of the next hop must match that used for one of the subnet IP interfaces configured on this switch See Subnet Configuration on chapter 2 Type The IP route type for the destination...

Страница 70: ...networks The default route can be learned from RIP protocol chapter 2 Configuring RIP or manually configured If the switch does not contain a default route any packet that does not match an entry in...

Страница 71: ...to move Enter to select Parameter Description MAC Filtering Configuration Specifies the source or destination MAC address for any traffic to be filtered from the switch Security Mode Configuration th...

Страница 72: ...field and then select Apply 2 5 7 2 Configuring Security Mode In default type the switch can auto learning the MAC Address from each port If you want to let someone to use a specifies port and the ot...

Страница 73: ...nel Use TAB or arrow keys to move Enter to select Note To add an IP address to the security filter use Add To delete an address highlight it with the cursor and select Enter Use the Next Page and Prev...

Страница 74: ...that are currently forwarding VLAN traffic IP Multicast Registration Table Displays all the multicast groups active on this switch including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs IP Men...

Страница 75: ...frame size counters 2 6 1 1 Displaying Ethernet Port Statistics Port Statistics display key statistics from the Interfaces Group and Ethernet like MIBs for each port Error statistics on the traffic p...

Страница 76: ...ors 0 Drop Events 0 Fragments 0 Octets 0 Jabbers 0 Port Number 1 Apply Reset Reset All OK Refresh Next Port Prev Port Return to previous panel Use TAB or arrow keys to move Enter to select Parameter D...

Страница 77: ...le reason for discarding such a packet could be to free up buffer space Out Errors The number of outbound packets that could not be transmitted because of errors CRC Errors Number of Ethernet Cyclic R...

Страница 78: ...traffic passing through each port RMON statistics provide access to a broad range of statistics including a total count of different frame types and sizes passing through each port Values displayed ha...

Страница 79: ...g bits but including FCS octets and were otherwise well formed Fragments The total number of frames received that were less than 64 octets in length excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and...

Страница 80: ...The information displayed in the Address Table is indicated in the following figure and table Layer 2 Menu Unicast Address Table Address Port Address Port 00 80 AD 05 00 00 1 Page 1 Apply Total 0 Page...

Страница 81: ...ree Bridge Information Displays a full list of STA values used for the bridge Spanning Tree Port Information Displays a list of STA values used for each port including status designated cost designate...

Страница 82: ...maximum time in seconds a device can wait without receiving a configuration message before attempting to reconfigure Forward Delay The maximum time in seconds the root device will wait before changin...

Страница 83: ...ABLED 0 32768 00E800340000 128 3 4 100TX DISABLED 0 32768 00E800340000 128 4 5 100TX DISABLED 0 32768 00E800340000 128 5 6 100TX DISABLED 0 32768 00E800340000 128 6 7 100TX DISABLED 0 32768 00E8003400...

Страница 84: ...twork segment with no other STA compliant bridging device is always forwarding If two ports of a switch are connected to the same segment and there is no other STA device attached to this segment the...

Страница 85: ...amic or static means to forward VLAN traffic 2 6 4 1 VLAN Dynamic Registration Information This table shows the ports that have been automatically learned via GVRP VLAN Dynamic Registration Informatio...

Страница 86: ...K Prev Page Next Page Enter page number than press Apply to see VLAN group READ WRITE Use TAB or arrow keys to move other keys to make changes Note To scroll through the VLAN forwarding table use the...

Страница 87: ...ice Multicast Group Port List The ports that belong to the indicated VLAN group Learned by Shows if this entry was learned dynamically or via IGMP Snooping An entry is learned dynamically if a multica...

Страница 88: ...recognized Ethernet networks and the corresponding VLAN can be reached Multicast Table Displays all the multicast groups active on this switch including the multicast IP address and the corresponding...

Страница 89: ...r routing to specific subnets Each bit that corresponds to a 1 is part of the network subnet number each bit that corresponds to 0 is part of the host number VLAN The VLAN group associated with this I...

Страница 90: ...C address that maps to the corresponding IP address VLAN The VLAN group to which this host has been assigned Port The port to which this host device is attached Port 0 refers to an interface defined o...

Страница 91: ...n which the gateway or destination address resides Next Hop The IP address of the router at the next hop Type The IP route type for the destination network This switch supports the following types Dir...

Страница 92: ...outing Table except for Routing Metric which represents a relative measure of the path cost from this switch to the destination network Note that this metric depends on the specific routing protocol D...

Страница 93: ...ged out Multicast Forwarding Cache Table Displays all active multicast groups including the multicast source address the upstream neighbor the multicast routing protocol and the entry age DVMRP Routin...

Страница 94: ...out The default is 260 seconds V1 Timer The time remaining until the switch assumes that there are no longer any IGMP Version 1 members on the IP subnet attached to this interface The default is 400 s...

Страница 95: ...is used for the source address This mask identifies the host address bits used for routing to specific subnets Upstream Nbr The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this group Pr...

Страница 96: ...o specific subnets Upstream Nbr The IP address of the network device immediately upstream for this multicast delivery tree Interface The IP interface on this switch that connects to the upstream neigh...

Страница 97: ...neighbor to this switch ExpireTime The time remaining before this entry will be aged out Ver The neighboring router s DVMRP version number RcvRoute The total number of routes received in valid DVMRP p...

Страница 98: ...rent neighbor routers Virtual Neighbor Table Displays current virtual neighbors Displaying the Interface Table You can use this menu to display parameters of OSPF interfaces OSPF Interface Table IP Ad...

Страница 99: ...or all the areas to which this router is attached Note that all the routers within an area exchange information to ensure that they maintain an identical link state database This database can therefor...

Страница 100: ...rmation for each known network outside the autonomous system Link State ID The identifier for the router originating this entry usually in the form of an IP address Router ID The IP address of the ori...

Страница 101: ...bilities supported by the neighbor The neighbor s optional OSPF capabilities are also listed in its Hello packets This enables received Hellos to be rejected i e neighbor relationships will not even s...

Страница 102: ...ncies Exchange The router is describing its entire link state database by sending database description packets to the neighbor Each database description packet has a sequence number and is explicitly...

Страница 103: ...f the link IP Address IP address of the border router at the other end of the link Option The optional OSPF capabilities supported by the neighbor The neighbor s optional OSPF capabilities are also li...

Страница 104: ...master and to decide upon the initial sequence number Neighbor conversations in this state or greater are called adjacencies Exchange The router is describing its entire link state database by sending...

Страница 105: ...Reload Factory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults Restart Restarts the switch Note When the system is restarted it will always run the Power On Self Test It will also retain all system information...

Страница 106: ...vide a default gateway for Layer 2 operation chapter 2 IP Configuration or a default route for multilayer operation chapter 2 Configuring the Default Route 2 Set a user name and password using an out...

Страница 107: ...IP Multicast Registration Table 1 IP Menu 2 Spanning Tree Bridge Information Spanning Tree Port Information VLAN Dynamic Registration Information VLAN Forwarding Information Unicast Address Table Sys...

Страница 108: ...other menus and display configuration parameters and statistics If this is your first time to access the management agent you should define a new Administrator name and password record it and put it i...

Страница 109: ...t to the page 2 When using Internet Explorer 5 0 you may have to manually refresh the screen after making configuration changes by pressing the browser s refresh button 3 2 3 Panel Display The Web age...

Страница 110: ...e port s current duplex mode Flow Control Status Shows the flow control type in use Flow control can eliminate frame loss by blocking traffic from end stations connected directly to the switch VLAN ID...

Страница 111: ...where 0 indicates disabled Auto Refresh 10 seconds Sets the interval before a console session will auto refresh the console information such as Spanning Tree Information Port Configuration Port Statis...

Страница 112: ...for specific ports VLAN Menu Configures VLAN settings for specific ports and defines the port membership for VLAN groups IGMP Snooping Configuration Configures IGMP multicast filtering IP Menu Config...

Страница 113: ...n Switch Information Shows hardware firmware version numbers power status and expansion modules used in the switch 3 4 1 Displaying System Information Use the System Information screen to display desc...

Страница 114: ...5 Management Setup Menu After initially logging onto the system you can use this menu to configure access rights You should set user names and passwords User Configuration Remember to record them in...

Страница 115: ...Address IP address of the switch you are managing The system supports SNMP over UDP IP transport protocol In this environment all systems on the Internet such as network interconnection devices and an...

Страница 116: ...screen to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP The switch includes an onboard SNMP agent which monitors the status of its hardware as well as the traffic passi...

Страница 117: ...e A community authorized to receive trap messages Status Displays the administrative status of entry An entry can only be to enabled or disabled via the console interface 3 5 3 User Login Configuratio...

Страница 118: ...onsist of up to 15 alphanumeric characters and are not case sensitive 3 5 4 Downloading System Software Use the TFTP Download menu to load software updates to permanent flash ROM in the switch The dow...

Страница 119: ...ation file to the switch from the client PC Note Saving and restoring switch configuration settings can then be initiated by using any TFTP client utility such as the command line utility included in...

Страница 120: ...P and Proxy ARP unicast and multicast protocols static ARP table entries static routes and the default route Security Menu Configures MAC and IP address filtering 1 Only displayed if the intelligent s...

Страница 121: ...port mirroring and port trunking These menu options are described in the following sections Menu Description Port Configuration Enables any port enables disables flow control and sets communication m...

Страница 122: ...pe Speed Duplex Mode Flow Control 10 100BASE T auto auto auto 100BASE FX 100M full duplex auto 1000BASE SX LX 1000M full duplex auto 1000BASE T 1000M full duplex auto The 10 100BASE TX ports can auton...

Страница 123: ...end pause frames Rcv BothWay BothWay Both switch and link partner can send and receive pause frames Jack Type Shows the jack type for each port Ports 1 11 13 23 RJ 45 Ports 12 24 FIBER or RJ 45 Ports...

Страница 124: ...can be combined into an aggregate link to increase the bandwidth of a network connection or ensure fault recovery You can configure trunks between any two switches Ports 1 24 on this switch can be gr...

Страница 125: ...gorithm will treat all the ports in a trunk as a whole Enable the trunk prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a loop Use the Trunk Configuration screen to set up port tr...

Страница 126: ...evice to a specific port on this switch Static unicast addresses are never aged out and cannot be learned by another port If any packets with a source address specified in this table enter another por...

Страница 127: ...Menu The Bridge menu is used to configure settings for the Spanning Tree Algorithm as well as the global bridge settings for GMRP GARP Multicast Registration Protocol and GVRP GARP VLAN Registration P...

Страница 128: ...ime Parameter Default Description Spanning Tree Enabled Enable this parameter to participate in a STA compliant network Bridge Priority 32 768 Bridge priority is used in selecting the root device root...

Страница 129: ...allows network devices to register endstations with multicast groups If GMRP is globally enabled for the switch then you can individually enable or disable GMRP for a specific port See VLAN Port Confi...

Страница 130: ...ts on a switch are the same the port with the highest priority i e lowest value will be configured as an active link in the Spanning Tree Where more than one port is assigned the highest priority the...

Страница 131: ...of up to 256 LAN groups In conventional networks with routers broadcast traffic is split up into separate domains Switches do not inherently support broadcast domains This can lead to broadcast storm...

Страница 132: ...sued the applicants can rejoin before the port actually leaves the group Leave All Time 1000 The interval centiseconds between sending out a LeaveAll query message for group participants and the port...

Страница 133: ...register with multicast groups using GMRP Note that GMRP must be enabled for the switch before this setting can take effect chapter 3 Configuring Global Bridge Settings IGMP and IGMP Snooping also pr...

Страница 134: ...ation will be removed for future firmware versions 4 This control does not affect VLAN independent BPDU frames such as GVRP or STP However they do affect VLAN dependent BPDU frames such as GMRP 3 6 4...

Страница 135: ...through to ensure that traffic is passed on only to the hosts which subscribed to this service This switch uses IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping to monitor for any attached hosts who...

Страница 136: ...n IP Subnet Configuration Specifies the IP interface for VLANs configured on this switch including the subnet address and routing protocols Port Group Configuration See VLAN Table Configuration on cha...

Страница 137: ...pter 4 Note that Proxy ARP must be enabled globally for the switch before this setting can take effect See Protocol Configuration on chapter 3 RIP Routing Information Protocol for unicast routing OSPF...

Страница 138: ...outing switch it broadcasts RIP messages to all devices in the network every 30 seconds and updates its own routing table when RIP messages are received from other routers RIP messages contain both th...

Страница 139: ...nother router may be propagated Range 0 15 Poison Reverse Directs routes back to an interface port from which they have been acquired but sets the distance vector metrics to infinity This is a method...

Страница 140: ...f seconds between retransmitting link state advertisements to router adjacencies on this interface This value is also used when retransmitting database descriptions and link state request packets Rang...

Страница 141: ...timing out routes and for setting the children and leaf flags Range 10 8000 seconds Note IGMP is automatically enabled disabled along with DVMRP See IGMP Protocol on chapter 4 3 6 6 2 Protocol Config...

Страница 142: ...wing configuration screen to modify the aging time for dynamically learned entries in the ARP cache Parameter Default Description ARP Timeout 20 minutes The time that dynamically learned entries are r...

Страница 143: ...ID Configuration Defines a area within which all OSPF routers actively exchange routing information to ensure that they all have an identical link state database OSPF Area Range Configuration Defines...

Страница 144: ...port external routes and flood this information to the entire Autonomous System Note To add an Area ID click the string Add New Entry The screen can be show as below Specify the identifier and type in...

Страница 145: ...the bottom of the screen and press Save To delete an Area Range click on the Delete icon for the required entry OSPF Virtual Link Configuration All OSPF areas must connect to the backbone If an area d...

Страница 146: ...it icon for the required entry and then press Delete or Save OSPF Host route Configuration A host route is a prefix that will be advertised as a stub network in one of the router s link state advertis...

Страница 147: ...ver or specify the subnet address for an outbound IP interface already configured on this switch chapter 3 Subnet Configuration as described in the following screens Parameter Description Index Server...

Страница 148: ...ries in the Static ARP Table Entries added to this table are retained until the associated IP interface is deleted or the switch is reset to the factory defaults Parameter Description IP Address IP ad...

Страница 149: ...twork A destination network subnet or host Destination Mask The subnet mask that specifies the bits to match A routing entry will be used for a packet if the bits in the address set by the destination...

Страница 150: ...r Metric The number of hops required to reach the default router 3 6 7 Configuring Security Filters You can use the Security menu to filter MAC and IP addresses Parameter Description MAC Filtering Con...

Страница 151: ...n this table will be filtered Note To add an IP address to the security filter press Add To delete an address click on the edit icon for the required entry and then press Delete 3 6 7 3 Configuring Se...

Страница 152: ...n Table Displays all the multicast groups active on this switch including the multicast IP address and the corresponding VLANs IP Menu Displays all the IP subnets used on this switch as well as the co...

Страница 153: ...mber of octets received on the interface including framing characters In Unicast Pkts The number of subnetwork unicast packets delivered to a higher layer protocol In Non Unicast Pkts The number of no...

Страница 154: ...ly one collision Deferred Transmissions A count of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a particular interface is delayed because the medium was busy Excessive Collisions The number of f...

Страница 155: ...packets were dropped due to lack of resources Received Bytes Total number of bytes of data received on the network This statistic can be used as a reasonable indication of Ethernet utilization Receiv...

Страница 156: ...octets 65 127 Byte Frames 128 255 Byte Frames 256 511 Byte Frames 512 1023 Byte Frames 1024 1518 Byte Frames 1519 1536 Byte Frames The total number of frames including bad packets received and transmi...

Страница 157: ...nformation for the overall bridge To make any changes to these parameters use the Bridge STA Configuration menu as described on chapter 3 Configuring Global Bridge Settings The parameters shown in the...

Страница 158: ...this switch that is closest to the root This switch communicates with the root device through this port If there is no root port then this switch has been accepted as the root device of the Spanning...

Страница 159: ...ther is blocked All ports are blocked when the switch is booted then some of them change state to listening to learning and then to forwarding Designated Cost The cost for a packet to travel from this...

Страница 160: ...ed to receive the indicated multicast service Multicast IP A source IP address that represents a specific multicast service Multicast Group Ports The ports that belong to the indicated VLAN group Lear...

Страница 161: ...method for extracting a host s Ethernet address from its Internet address This table shows the IP to MAC address cache discovered via ARP Parameter Description IP Address IP addresses for which ARP h...

Страница 162: ...s Next Hop The IP address of the router at the next hop Type The IP route type for the destination network This switch supports the following types Direct A directly connected subnetwork Indirect A re...

Страница 163: ...metric and the entry age DVMRP Neighbor Table Displays all the neighbor routers accessible through each IP interface including the entry age the time left before the entry is aged out the protocol ve...

Страница 164: ...address Parameter Description Group Address An IP multicast group address with subscribers directly attached or downstream from this switch Source Address The IP subnetwork at the root of the multica...

Страница 165: ...address of the network device immediately upstream for this multicast delivery tree UpTime The time since this device last became a DVMRP neighbor to this switch ExpireTime The time remaining before...

Страница 166: ...ork configuration problems Parameter Description Area ID An OSPF area identifier configured for a group of OSPF routers For information on how to assign this identifier to a specific interface see cha...

Страница 167: ...ue will always be zero Router ID The OSPS identifier for the neighboring router Option The optional OSPF capabilities supported by the neighbor The neighbor s optional OSPF capabilities are also liste...

Страница 168: ...ghbor conversations in this state or greater are called adjacencies Exchange The router is describing its entire link state database by sending database description packets to the neighbor Each databa...

Страница 169: ...supported by the neighbor The neighbor s optional OSPF capabilities are also listed in its Hello packets This enables received Hellos to be rejected i e neighbor relationships will not even start to f...

Страница 170: ...wo neighboring routers The goal of this step is to decide which router is the master and to decide upon the initial sequence number Neighbor conversations in this state or greater are called adjacenci...

Страница 171: ...ctory Defaults Reloads the factory defaults Apply Restarts the switch Note When restarting the system it will always run the Power On Self Test It will also retain all system information unless you el...

Страница 172: ...g with the incoming port number where it entered the switch This information is then used to make later decisions for frame forwarding During switching the switch performs multiple steps including VLA...

Страница 173: ...tput port Aging the switch performs the aging process for the MAC addresses VLAN pair in the MAC address table Once a pair is aged out the address table is modified 4 1 2 Multicast Switching For multi...

Страница 174: ...incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a packet from that device to the root device Then it selects a designated bridging device from each LAN which incurs the lowest path cost when forwarding a...

Страница 175: ...all ports belong to the same virtual LAN and the switch provides only Layer 2 functionality Therefore you should first group all the ports that belong to the same subnet into virtual LANs chapter 2 3...

Страница 176: ...ddress is broadcast to get the destination MAC address from the destination node The IP packet can then be sent directly with the destination MAC address If the destination belongs to a different subn...

Страница 177: ...ting of all the routing information required for packet forwarding including Handling routing protocols Updating the routing table Updating the Layer 3 switching database 4 2 4 ICMP Router Discovery B...

Страница 178: ...etwork devices Note that extensive use of Proxy ARP can adversely affect the performance of the switch because it may lead to increased ARP traffic and increased search time for larger ARP address tab...

Страница 179: ...fter the failure of a link or router during which time routing loops may occur and its small hop count limitation of 15 restricts its use to smaller networks Moreover RIP version 1 wastes valuable net...

Страница 180: ...SPF A Stub does not accept or send external routing information Instead it uses a single default route for destinations outside the area Stubs further minimize the amount of routing data that has to b...

Страница 181: ...occurs To configure a routing summary you must define the OSPF Area Range for all the networks within an ABR s area This range is specified with an IP address and network mask chapter 2 OSPF Area Conf...

Страница 182: ...2 OSPF Virtual Link Configuration or chapter 3 OSPF Virtual Link Configuration One ABR will border on the target area and the transit area while the other borders on the transit area and the backbone...

Страница 183: ...Passing traffic between VLAN aware and VLAN unaware devices Priority tagging 4 3 1 Assigning Ports to VLANs Before enabling VLANs for the switch you must first assign each port to the VLAN group s in...

Страница 184: ...can be configured to broadcast a message to your network indicating the VLAN groups it wants to join When this switch receives these messages it will automatically place the receiving port in the spe...

Страница 185: ...a collection of physical switch ports in the same VLAN Layer 3 switching can occur from one VLAN to another transparently without changing the routing protocol and IP routing software while Layer 2 s...

Страница 186: ...dure is called multicast filtering The purpose of IP multicast filtering is to optimize a switched network s performance so multicast packets will only be forwarded to those ports containing multicast...

Страница 187: ...vice Based on the group membership information learned from IGMP a router switch can determine which if any multicast traffic needs to be forwarded to each of its ports At Layer 3 multicast routers us...

Страница 188: ...th information for the concerned multicast group in its routing table and forwards the multicast message on to adjacent routers except for the port through which the message arrived This process elimi...

Страница 189: ...er as defined in the switch s configuration using unicast routing or Broadcasts the DHCP Request again to another directly attached IP subnet specified in the switch configuration for the receiving IP...

Страница 190: ...IP address filter will be dropped by the switch upon entry 4 8 SNMP Management Software SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol is a communication protocol designed specifically for managing devices...

Страница 191: ...ssociated with high traffic levels broadcast storms or other unusual events Historical information can also be used to predict network growth and to plan for expansion before your network becomes over...

Страница 192: ...he terminal emulator program to VT100 compatible 8 data bits 1 stop bit no parity and 19200 bps Check that the null modem serial cable conforms to the pin out connections provided in Appendix B Forgot...

Страница 193: ...ud Rate 115200 Select a number and then press ENTER 5 Please change local console BaudRate to exact rate and press ENTER 3 Change your baud rate to the selected value and press Enter to enable downloa...

Страница 194: ...now Starting System MAINBOARD OCTOPUS0 RAMBIST TEST PASS MAINBOARD OCTOPUS1 RAMBIST TEST PASS MAINBOARD OCTOPUS2 RAMBIST TEST PASS MAINBOARD OCTOPUS3 RAMBIST TEST PASS MAINBOARD DOLPHIN RAMBIST TEST...

Страница 195: ...ction The pin assignments used to connect to the serial port are provided in the following tables 6 1 1 DB 9 Port Pin Assignments EIA Circuit CCITT Signal Description Switch s DB9 DTE Pin PC DB9 DTE P...

Страница 196: ...ole Port to 25 Pin DCE Port on Modem Switch s 9 Pin Serial Port CCITT Signal Modem s 25 Pin DCE Port 1 DCD 8 2 RXD 3 3 TXD 2 4 DTR 20 5 SGND 7 6 DSR 6 7 RTS 4 8 CTS 5 9 RI 22 6 1 4 Console Port to 25...

Страница 197: ...in each switch can work automatically over a Spanning Tree network 7 1 5 Generic Attribute Registration Protocol GARP GARP is a protocol that can be used by endstations and switches to register and p...

Страница 198: ...Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP A protocol through which hosts can register with their local router for multicast services If there is more than one multicast router on a given subnetwork one...

Страница 199: ...rger network such as the Internet as opposed to distance vector routing protocols such as RIP It includes features such as unlimited hop count authentication of routing updates and Variable Length Sub...

Страница 200: ...in complicated or backup linked network systems Spanning Tree detects and directs data along the shortest available path maximizing the performance and efficiency of the network 7 1 30 Telnet Defines...

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