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3. Exercise the switch while paying attention to the amplitude of the signal. It should stay in a predetermined voltage

range for a given condition. In most cases, the amplitude of the waveform should stay at B+ or battery voltage
when the circuit is on, and go to 0 V when the switch is activated.

• Reference Waveform

VEHICLE INFORMATIONS

YEAR

: 1993

MAKE

: Ford

MODEL

: Explorer

ENGINE

: 4.0 L

FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection
PCM_PIN : 2 Lt Grn wire
STATUS

: KOER (Key On Running)

RPM

: Idle

ENG_TMP : Operating Temperature
VACUUM : 19 In. Hg
MILEAGE : 54567

• Troubleshooting Tips

If the waveform has spikes to ground, there may be an open circuit in the power side or a voltage short to ground.

If the waveform has upward spikes, there may be an open in the ground side.

6.5 IGNITION TESTS

6-57

If there is a failure in the circuit, the waveform’s amplitude will change when it is not
supposed to.

MAX = 13.8 V
MIN = -1.0 V

Brake pedal

released

here

Brake pedal

depressed here

IGNITION

COMPONENT TEST

IGNITION TESTS MENU

PIP/SPOUT
DI Primary
DI Secondary
DIS (EI) Primary
DIS (EI) Secondary

• Reference Waveform

VEHICLE INFORMATIONS

YEAR

: 1989

MAKE

: Buick

MODEL

: Le Sabre

ENGINE

: 3.8 L

FUELSYS : Multiport Fuel Injection
PCM_PIN : CH A to speaker (+)

COM to speaker (–)

STATUS

: KOEO (Key On Engine Off)

RPM

: 0

ENG_TMP : Ambient Temperature
VACUUM : 0 In. Hg
MILEAGE : 93640

• Troubleshooting Tips

If the speaker is blown, suspect an open circuit.

DC Switch Circuits

• Theory of Operation

This test procedure can be applied to a lot of different automotive circuits that use B+ as their power source, such as
power supply circuits (to t he P CM and other cont rol modules), temperat ure switches, throttle swit ches, vacuum
switches, light switches, brake switches, cruise control switches, etc.

This test can be used to test the integrity of the battery power supply to the switches that rely on the battery power to
operate.

• Symptoms

No start, lose of power, no working of switches

• Test Procedure

1. Connect the CH A lead to the power supply circuit of the switch to be tested and its ground lead to the switch

GND circuit.

2. Make sure power is switched on in the circuit so that the switch is operational.

6-56

A few notes from Willie Nelson’s

“On The Road Again”

MAX = +473 mV
MIN = -509 mV

music starts new

note here

Aut omotive speaker drive signals normally range bet ween 0.5 V and 10 V Peak to
Peak.
Resistance of the speaker voice coils is normally less than 10 ohms.

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Содержание Automotive Scope / GMM KAL 3840

Страница 1: ...KAL 3840 Automotive Scope GMM User s Manual ...

Страница 2: ...ystem DC Switch Circuits IGNITION TESTS MENU PIP SPOUT DI Primary DI Secondary DIS Primary DIS Secondary DIESEL MENU DIESEL INJECTOR ADVANCE COMPONENT TESTS MENU SENSORS ACTUATORS ELECTRICAL IGNITION or DIESEL GRAPHING MULTIMETER MENU VOLT DC AC OHM DIODE CONTINUITY RPM FREQUENCY DUTY CYCLE PULSE WIDTH DWELL IGNITION PEAK VOLTS IGNITION BURN VOLTS IGNITION BURN TIME INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS INJECTOR ON...

Страница 3: ...n When you get back to the shop you plug in your scan tool and find no trouble codes Because you still have your DMM you follow the manufacturer s instructions and you look at the output voltage from each of the wheel speed sensors They all appear to be in tolerance and the manufacturer s fault tree recommends you to replace the ABS computer Unfortunately the ABS computer on this vehicle is embedd...

Страница 4: ...d cause serious damage or personal injury Always wear approved safety eye protection when testing or repairing vehicles Objects can be propelled by whirling engine components can cause serious injury When handling any signals higher than 150 V peak don t electrically activate BOTH CH A and or CH B terminal s AND USB terminal together at a time If they are electrically activated simultaneously a de...

Страница 5: ...ectrical fires in work area Fires can lead to serious injury or death WARNING Avoid Electrical Shock Make sure that the vehicle to be tested is at a safe potential before making any measurement connections Connect the COM input of the instrument to vehicle ground before clamping the standard SECONDARY PICKUP supplied on the ignition wires This ground connection is required IN ADDITION TO the norma...

Страница 6: ... Magnetic camshaft CMP and crankshaft CKP position sensors Engine vacuum balance viewed from an analog MAP sensor signal Knock sensors KS Frequency Modulated Signals The types of sensors or devices in a vehicle that produce Frequency Modulated signals are Digital mass airflow MAF sensors Ford s digital MAP sensors Optical vehicle speed sensors VSS Hall Effect vehicle speed sensors VSS Optical cams...

Страница 7: ...or a repeated pattern in the serial data stream that tells the scan tool the coolant temperature is 212 F or 100 C etc 3 3 THE GOLDEN RULE OF ELECTRONIC SYSTEM DIAGNOSIS For the vehicle s computer system to function properly it must send and receive signals with the critical characteristics it was designed to communicate with Each of the primary types of electronic signals use the critical charact...

Страница 8: ...ority of automotive sensors actuators and systems easily and quickly Powerful built in reference information for each preset test which includes a test procedure showing how to connect to the circuit a normal reference signal pattern theory of operation and troubleshooting tips Menu driven interface has automatic configurations for most of non preset tests so you will find that the instrument is e...

Страница 9: ...from VEHICLE DATA MENU default to the user s last display Adjusting the Display Contrast Press LIGHT and Keep it depressed until you can clearly read the display Resetting the Instrument If you want to restore the instrument settings as delivered from the factory do the following 1 Turn the instrument off by pressing the POWER key 2 Keep depressed while you turn the instrument on by pressing the P...

Страница 10: ...es or if the battery level is too low The instrument turns back on if the POWER key is pressed The Auto Power Off will be disabled automatically when enters the GMM mode You can adjust the Auto Power Off time between 5 minutes and 120 minutes to use Instrument Setup menu option 4 5 Next press the Four Way arrow keys to highlight PIP SPOUT Press to select Now the instrument is ready to test the inp...

Страница 11: ...usts the trigger level when you are in the SCOPE mode Moves a waveform right and left Moves a time cursor left and right Ranges amplitude up and down for both channels CH A CH B Ranges Time Bass up and down for both channels CH A CH B AUTO Sets automatic ranging on and off toggle When on the top right display shows AUTO When this function is set on it searches for the best range and time base sett...

Страница 12: ... as single input Used in SCOPE mode to trigger or start acquisitions from an external source COM as single input Used for safety grounding when the Capacitive Secondary Pickup is connected to the ignition system WARNING TO AVOID ELECTRICAL SHOCK CONNECT THE COM INPUT OF THE INSTRUMENT TO VEHICLE GROUND BEFORE CLAMPING THE CAPACITIVE SECONDARY PICKUP SUPPLIED ON THE IGNITION WIRES THIS GROUND CONNE...

Страница 13: ... 4 10 MAIN MENU CHANGE VEHICLE COMPONENT TESTS SCOPE GRAPHING MULTIMETER VEHICLE DATA INSTRUMENT SETUP VEHICLE DATA MENU CYLINDERS 4 CYCLES 4 BATTERY 12 V IGNITION CONV IGNITION MENU CONV default DIS DIESEL SENSOR TESTS MENU ABS Sensor Mag O2S Sensor Zirc Dual O2 Sensor ECT Sensor Fuel Temp Sensor IAT Sensor Knock Sensor TPS Sensor CKP Magnetic CKP Hall CKP Optical CMP Magnetic CMP Hall CMP Optica...

Страница 14: ...ress when finished viewing each area under the HELP menu Getting Information About the Function Keys During a Running Test HELP When you press this key during a running test you get information about the function keys that can be used for the test For example 4 12 CYLINDER PARADE SINGLE Screen Displays Use Dual Input Scope mode if you want to simultaneously measure two waveforms one on INPUT A and...

Страница 15: ...ENT TEST IGNITION mode Press to toggle among RANGE A MOVE A TRIG LVL and SENS LVL for INPUT A or among RANGE B MOVE B and TRIG LVL for INPUT B The icon indicates that you can use the Four Way arrow keys to move CURSOR 1 if CURSOR 1 is highlighted or move CURSOR 2 if CURSOR 2 is highlighted Press the function key to toggle between CURSOR 1 and CURSOR 2 This Label is displayed for SINGLE DISPLAY tes...

Страница 16: ...DISPLAYS Using Single and Dual Input Scope Mode The instrument can be configured to show scope displays for either CH A or CH B signals In DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode both CH A and CH B may be displayed at the same time Use SINGLE INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to measure a single signal INPUT B is turned off Use DUAL INPUT SCOPE mode if you want to simultaneously measure two signals MEMU 5 1 5 INSTRUMENT...

Страница 17: ...Trigger level voltage of INPUT A Time base range Trigger icon Indicates trigger slope indicated negative slope Auto triggered INPUT A range setting INPUT B range setting Indicates signal source channel A INPUT A zero level Indicates trigger location Indicates signal source channel B INPUT B zero level Making an Easy Setup When you enter the scope mode the instrument automatically optimizes vertica...

Страница 18: ...ading up to the trigger Noise Filter Function There are cases where you may want to filter out noises in order to see a better signal This can be especially true when ignition noise is present The instrument provides a noise filter for each input channel which reduces the bandwidth from its normal 5 MHz to 2 KHz You can enable or disable CH A Filter or CH B Filter using the INSTRUMENT SETUP menu W...

Страница 19: ... type of graphing and readout 5 7 VOLTS 1 DELTA VOLTS 2 2 4 V 7 2 V 9 8 V VOLTS 1 DELTA VOLTS 2 A 130 mV 520 mV 650 mV B 24 0 mV 74 mV 98 0 mV Sample value a t VOLTS CURSOR 2 positio n o n the waveform Samp le va lue at CURSOR 2 position on th e INPUT B waveform Volts difference between CURSOR 1 an d CUR SOR 2 position on the INPUT B waveform Sa mple value at CURSOR 1 position o n the INPUT B wave...

Страница 20: ...s available for GMM displays range from 5 sec to 24 hrs per display Auto Power Off will not occur during the GMM mode but to graph for periods of 5 min and longer operate the instrument from external power because operating endurance on internal power is limited to about 4 hours with fresh batteries 5 8 Figure 13 Changing Vertical and Horizontal Ranges Code DC VOLT AC VOLT AC DC VOLT OHM DIODE CON...

Страница 21: ... OFL is displayed when the diode is defective or when it is connected in reverse If you are not certain about the polarity of the diode try the reverse connection If this also displays OFL the diode is defective A good diode must display OFL when connected in reverse Measuring RPM The instrument automatically scales and displays the waveform on the screen Connect the Inductive Pickup to the COM TR...

Страница 22: ...to enter the correct vehicle data such as the number of cylinders or cycles on the vehicle under test 5 13 SINGLE cylinder waveform Testing Injector Peak Volts and On Time Testing Dwell The test is done with the shielded test lead on INPUT A connected to the primary side of the ignition coil 5 12 SPARK VOLTAGE BURN VOLTAGE BURN TIME GRAPHING MULTIMETER INJECTOR PEAK VOLTS INJECTOR ON TIME PEAK VOL...

Страница 23: ...ry depending on the acquisition mode you choose Normal Peak Detect The next two topics describe each of the types of acquisition modes and their differences Peak Detect Use Peak Detect acquisition mode to detect glitches as narrow as 1 µs and to limit the possibility of aliasing This mode is effective when at 10 µs div or slower Sample points displayed Peak Detect mode displays highest and lowest ...

Страница 24: ...at the SEC DIV setting Sample points Normal mode acquires a single sample point in each interval The maximum sample rate is 25 MS s At 10 µs and faster settings this sample rate does not acquire 480 points In this case a Digital Signal Processor interpolates points between the sampled points to make a full 480 point waveform record FILTER MENU Can be set On or Off default is Off for each INPUT Off...

Страница 25: ... location Press to select the displayed screen The instrument activates the settings that are valid for the recalled screen to test the input signal 5 7 GLITCH SNARE OPERATION Glitch Snare is a powerful combination of capabilities which enables you to reliable capture and display Actual Signal Waveforms associated with elusive and unusual signals Glitch Snare combines real time measurements with s...

Страница 26: ...S 6 1 6 AUTOMOTIVE DIAGNOSTICS APPLICATIONS SENSORS COMPONENT TESTS SENSOR TESTS MENU ABS Sensor Mag O2S Sensor Zirc Dual O2 Sensor ECT Sensor Fuel Temp Sensor IAT Sensor Knock Sensor TPS Sensor CKP Magnetic CKP Hall CKP Optical CMP Magnetic SENSOR TESTS MENU CMP Hall CMP Optical VSS Magnetic VSS Optical MAP Analog MAP Digital MAF Analog MAF Digi Slow MAF Digi Fast MAF Karman Vrtx EGR DPFE MENU No...

Страница 27: ...lay to check the maximum O2 voltage minimum O2 voltage and response time from Rich to Lean 6 3 ABS Sensor Magnetic Theory of Operation ABS Anti lock Brake System wheel speed sensors generate AC signals with frequency proportional to wheel speed The amplitude peak to peak voltage increases as the wheel speed increases and is greatly affected by air gap between the magnetic tip and the reluctor whee...

Страница 28: ...ge to 1 V div Troubleshooting Tips The response time increases by aging and poisoning of the O2 sensor Peak to peak voltages should be at least 600 mV or greater with an average of 450 mV If the waveform is severely hashy look for a misfire caused by Rich mixture Lean mixture ignition problem vacuum leak to an individual cylinder injector imbalance or carboned intake valves IMPORTANT Don t use a s...

Страница 29: ...189 Hard start poor fuel economy driveability problems 6 7 Stone cold here 63 5 Dg F Thermostat opens here ECT Test from stone cold to operating temp MAX 3 26 V MIN 1 86 V PCM resistor switched in here Engine at operating temp here Troubleshooting Tips When a catalytic converter is totally deteriorated the catalytic conversion efficiency as well as the oxygen storage capability of the catalytic co...

Страница 30: ...ke cleaner here As sensor tip cools voltage increases Key On Engine Off Spray test Intake Air Temp Sensor MAX 3 26 MIN 1 86 Key On Engine Off here Test Procedure 1 Backprobe the terminals on the FT sensor with the CH A lead and its ground lead 2 Start the engine and hold the throttle at 2500 RPM until the trace goes across the screen 3 Set the time base to 50 sec div to see the sensor s entire ope...

Страница 31: ...Throttle Body Fuel Injection PCM_PIN C13 DkBlu wire STATUS KOEO Key On Engine Off RPM 0 ENG_TMP Operating Temperature VACUUM 0 In Hg MILEAGE 108706 6 11 MAX 4 36 V MIN 880 mV Closed Throttle Closed Throttle Wide Open Throttle Knock sensors generate a small AC voltage spike when vibration or a knock from detonation occurs The bigger the Knock or vibration the bigger the spike Knock sensors are usua...

Страница 32: ...urer s specifications for exact voltage range Generally the sensor output should range from just under 1 V at idle to just under 5 V at wide open throttle WOT There should be no breaks spikes to ground or dropouts in the waveform Dropouts on the slopes of the waveform indicate a short to ground or an intermittent open in the sensor s carbon track resistance materials The first 1 8 to 1 3 of the se...

Страница 33: ...between pulses repeatable except for sync pulses and the shapes repeatable and predictable Consistency is the key FREQ 2 27 kHz MAX 5 06 V MIN 133 mV Frequency Modulated signal Frequency increases with increasing engine RPM Duty cycle stays constant Symptoms OBD II DTC s P0340 P0349 P0365 P0369 P0390 P0394 Long cranking poor fuel economy emissions problem Test Procedure 1 Connect the CH A lead to ...

Страница 34: ...es in duty cycle can mean troubles The top and bottom corners of the waveform should be sharp However the left upper corner may appear rounded on some of the higher frequency high data rate optical distributors This is normal Optical CKP sensors are very susceptible to malfunction from dirt or oil interfering with the light transmission through the rotating disk When dirt or oil enters into the se...

Страница 35: ...increases with increasing engine RPM The amplitude frequency and shape should be all consistent in the waveform from pulse to pulse The amplitude should be sufficient the time between pulses repeatable except for sync pulses and the shapes repeatable and predictable Consistency is the key Symptoms OBD II DTC s P0340 P0349 P0365 P0369 P0390 P0394 Long cranking time poor fuel economy emissions failu...

Страница 36: ...cle speed Troubleshooting Tips The duty cycle of the waveform changes only when a sync pulse is displayed Any other changes in duty cycle can mean troubles The top and bottom corners of the waveform should be sharp However the left upper corner may appear rounded on some of the higher frequency high data rate optical distributors This is normal Optical CMP sensors are very susceptible to malfuncti...

Страница 37: ...rottle Body Fuel Injection PCM_PIN B13 LtGrn wire at MAP sensor STATUS KOER Key On Running RPM Acceleration Deceleration ENG_TMP Operating Temperature 0VACUUM 3 24 In Hg MILEAGE 55011 6 23 MAX 4 86 V MIN 133 mV slow accel Idle Snap accel Full decel Symptoms OBD II DTC s P0500 P0503 Improper transmission shifting inaccurate speedometer problems affecting ABS and cruise control Test Procedure 1 Rais...

Страница 38: ...ht and vertical Voltage drop to ground should not exceed 400 mV If the voltage drop is greater than 400 mV look for a bad ground at the sensor or the PCM IMPORTANT There are a few MAP sensors designed to do the opposite high vacuum high voltage Some Chrysler MAP sensors just stay at a fixed voltage when they fail regardless of changes in vacuum level Generally 4 cylinder engines make nosier wavefo...

Страница 39: ... tells the PCM the position of the vane air flow door As the engine is accelerated and more air passes through the vane air flow sensor the vane air door is pushed open by the incoming air The angle of the vane air flow door is proportional to the volume of air passing by it A vane type MAF sensor consists of a contact connected to the vane door which slides over a section of resistance material t...

Страница 40: ...0 mV If greater than 400 mV look for a bad ground at the sensor or the PCM FREQ 6 57 kHz MAX 5 06 V MIN 0 00 V Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR 1986 MAKE Oldsmobile MODEL Toronado ENGINE 3 8 L FUELSYS Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN B6 Yel wire STATUS KOER Key On Running RPM Snap Acceleration ENG_TMP Operating Temperature VACUUM 0 24 In Hg MILEAGE 123686 Troubleshooting Tips Possible ...

Страница 41: ...tion 4 Make sure that the amplitude is correct repeatable and present during EGR conditions The sensor signal should be proportional to exhaust gas versus manifold vacuum pressures 5 Make sure that all the hoses and lines to and from the intake manifold EGR valve and vacuum solenoid valve are intact and routed properly with no leaks Make sure the EGR valve diaphragm can hold the proper amount of v...

Страница 42: ... Put vehicle in park or neutral Rev the engine slightly and watch for the corresponding injector on time increase on acceleration 1 Induce propane into the intake and drive the mixture rich If the system is working properly the injector on time will decrease 2 Create a vacuum leak and drive the mixture lean The injector on time will increase 3 Raise the engine to 2500 RPM and hold it steady The in...

Страница 43: ...RMATIONS YEAR 1993 MAKE Ford MODEL F150 4WD Pickup ENGINE 5 0 L FUELSYS Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN 58 Tan wire STATUS KOER Key On Running RPM Idle ENG_TMP Operating Temperature VACUUM 19 In Hg MILEAGE 66748 Troubleshooting Tips Spikes during on time or unusual high turn off spikes indicate the injector driver s malfunction Peak and Hold Type TBI Injector Theory of Operation Peak and Hold fue...

Страница 44: ...ne families some pre 1988 Chrysler engine families a few Asian vehicles and some Bosch vehicles in the early 1970s like the Volvo 264 and Mercedes V 8s The injector on time begins where the PCM switches power to the circuit to turn it on The injector on time ends where the PCM opens the control circuit completely Symptoms Hesitation on throttle tip in rough idle intermittent stall at idle poor fue...

Страница 45: ...d injector drivers within the PCM are designed to allow about 4 A to flow through the injector coil then reduce the flow to a maximum of 1 A by pulsing the circuit on and off at a high frequency The other type injector drivers reduce the current by using a switch in resistor but this type drivers reduce the current by pulsing the circuit on and off Bosch type Peak and Hold injector drivers are fou...

Страница 46: ...tart the engine and hold throttle at 2500 RPM for 2 3 minutes until the engine is fully warmed up and the Feedback Fuel System enters closed loop Verify this by viewing the O2 sensor signal 3 Shut off A C and all other accessories Put vehicle in park or neutral Adjust lean stop air bleed and idle mixture as per recommended service procedures for the carburetor being serviced 4 Use the Glitch Snare...

Страница 47: ...ignals from the PCM should control the speed of the motor and in turn the amount of air bypassing the throttle plate The turn off spikes may not be present in all IAC drive circuits Troubleshooting Tips If the waveform has runted shortened spike heights it indicates a shorted EGR vacuum solenoid If the waveform has a flat line no signal at all it indicates a PCM failure PCM s EGR conditions not me...

Страница 48: ...d reached 35 MPH here and PCM turned shift solenoid on Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR 1993 MAKE Ford MODEL Explorer ENGINE 4 0 L FUELSYS Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN 21 Wht LtBlu wire STATUS KOER Key On Running RPM Idle ENG_TMP Operating Temperature VACUUM 19 In Hg MILEAGE 54567 IMPORTANT Before diagnosing IAC solenoid several things must be checked and verified the throttle plat...

Страница 49: ... 1 A Ignition key switched on Current begins to flow through glow plugs Ignition key on Ignition key off A door called the wastegate is opened and closed to regulate the amount of bypass The wastegate is controlled by a vacuum servo motor which can be controlled by a vacuum solenoid valve that receives a control signal from the PCM When the PCM receives a signal from the MAP sensor indicating that...

Страница 50: ...veform The voltage should stay in a predetermined voltage range for a given condition during normal operation Transient spikes above average voltage level are normal with engine running Troubleshooting Tips If the waveform stays flat at 0 V suspect a faulty glow plug If the waveform has drop outs suspect an open circuit in the glow plug s heating element An open circuit may be caused by overheat f...

Страница 51: ...is too much resistance in the ground circuit the waveform s amplitude will be too high MAX 40 mV MIN 40 mV CH A probe connected to engine block COM probe connected to battery negative Test conducted w engine running Tests voltage drop across ground circuit 2 Make sure power is switched on to the PCM and monitor the voltage level of the V Ref signal from the PCM Compare it with the manufacturer s r...

Страница 52: ...d control circuit should go high to compensate for it Frequency may increase during conditions of increased charging demand FREQ 390 Hz DUTY 21 8 NOTE A C on high blow and headlights on highbeam Symptoms No start low battery slow cranking Test Procedure Before performing the alternator output voltage test the battery s state of charge should be checked and a battery load test should be performed 1...

Страница 53: ...rs P P 373 mV Tested at idle with high beam and wipers on and A C blower on high speed Troubleshooting Tips If the voltage is high there is no command to turn the alternator on or the regulator does not have the ability to decrease the voltage If the voltage is low the alternator will be on all the time and cause an overcharging state If the voltage can not be pulled to ground sufficiently there m...

Страница 54: ...IONS YEAR 1989 MAKE Buick MODEL Le Sabre ENGINE 3 8 L FUELSYS Multiport Fuel Injection PCM_PIN CH A to speaker COM to speaker STATUS KOEO Key On Engine Off RPM 0 ENG_TMP Ambient Temperature VACUUM 0 In Hg MILEAGE 93640 Troubleshooting Tips If the speaker is blown suspect an open circuit DC Switch Circuits Theory of Operation This test procedure can be applied to a lot of different automotive circu...

Страница 55: ...rily on Ford Lincoln Mercury has been dubbed TFI for Thick Film Ignition This system uses a Hall Switch in the TFI module mounted on the distributor to produce a basic spark timing signal PIP Profile Ignition Pickup This signal is sent to the PCM and the PCM uses this signal to monitor results and accurately time the fuel injector and electronic spark timing output SPOUT signals The PCM sends the ...

Страница 56: ...h cylinder as shown starting with cylinder number 1 then 4 then 3 and then 2 6 61 Firing Line spark initiated Spark is extinguished Spark Line or Burn Line Dwell Section Firing Section Intermediate Section Coil oscillations Points open or transistor turns OFF Points close or transistor turns ON 4 locate fouled or damaged spark plugs that cause a cylinder misfire from the burn line It s sometimes a...

Страница 57: ...r 5 Make sure that the amplitude frequency shape and pulse width are all consistent from cylinder to cylinder Look for abnormalities in the section of the waveform that corresponds to specific components Reference Waveform VEHICLE INFORMATIONS YEAR 1984 MAKE Mercedes Benz MODEL 380 SE ENGINE 3 8 L FUELSYS CIS Fuel Injection PCM_PIN CH A to the Coil wire STATUS KOER Key On Running RPM Idle ENG_TMP ...

Страница 58: ...d spark plug wire or a large spark gap A line that is too short indicates lower than normal resistance in the ignition secondary due to fouled cracked or arcing spark plug wire etc Look for the spark or burn voltage to remain fairly consistent This can be an indicator of air fuel ratio in the cylinder If the mixture is too lean the burn voltage may be higher and if too rich the voltage may be lowe...

Страница 59: ...f too rich the voltage may be lower than normal Look for the burn line to be fairly clean without a lot of hash which can indicate an ignition misfire in the cylinder due to over advanced ignition timing bad injector fouled spark plug or other causes Longer burn lines over 2 ms can indicate an abnormally rich mixture and shorter burn lines under 0 75 ms can indicate an abnormally lear mixture Look...

Страница 60: ...rade off between engine fuel consumption and combustion noise knock A timing device controls the start of the injection and will also compensate for the propagation times in the fuel delivery lines Diesel RPM measurements are necessary for adjusting idle speed checking maximum RPM and performing smoke tests at fixed RPM values Measurement Conditions Cleaning The fuel lines to be measured on should...

Страница 61: ... still be charged even if the instrument has been disconnected from all voltage sources Discharge all high voltage capacitors before making resistance continuity or diodes measurements Cleaning Clean the instrument with a damp cloth and a mild detergent Do not use abrasives solvents or alcohol Do not use any type of paper to clean the display screen This will cause scratches and diminish the trans...

Страница 62: ... Mega sample second Graphing Multimeter Display Counter 5 000 count Display 280 x 240 pixels active area with backlit EL Reference Waveform 51 Waveform PC interface USB version 1 1 Power requirements Rechargeable Battery External AC to DC Power Adaptor Battery Life 4 Hours with backlit off Size H x W x D 9 06 x 4 72 x 1 97 230 x 120 x 50 mm Safety design CAT II 300 V per IEC 1010 1 UL 3111 1 and C...

Страница 63: ...rying Case 1 ea USB Interface Cable and Software Optional 1 ea Current Probe CA113 OS AT Optional 1 ea Diesel Probe Set Optional 1 ea Temperature Probe Optional 1 ea Isolated 12V Charging Adaptor Optional 1 ea Isolated 24V Charging Adaptor Optional 1 ea Scope Specifications Horizontal Sample rate 25 Mega sample second Record length 1000 Points Update rate Real time Roll Accuracy 0 1 1 pixel Sweep ...

Страница 64: ...6 4 Resolution 0 001 Hz 0 01 Hz 0 1 Hz 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 0 1 0 1 Accuracy 0 1 3 d Pulse Width 2 µs 1 2 krpm 2 d 2 µs 450 ms Pulse Width 2 µs Range 500 5 k 50 k 500 k 5 M 30 M Resolution 0 1 0 001 k 0 01 k 0 1 k 0 001 M 0 01 M Accuracy 0 5 5 d 0 75 5 d 0 75 10 d Test Voltage 1 2 V Threshold Approx 70 W Response time 1 ms Range 2 0 V Open Circuit Voltage 3 0 V Accuracy 2 0 5 d Range 50 C to 13...

Страница 65: ... the data transfer rate in bits per second Blower A device designed to supply a current of air at a moderate pressure The blower case is usually designed as part of a ventilation system BNC Coaxial type input connector used for INPUT A and INPUT B Bottom Display The lower part of the display where the function key menu is listed Bypass Providing a secondary path to relieve pressure in the primary ...

Страница 66: ...th other electrical signals The noise can disturb the function of the signal when it exceeds a certain electrical level G 3 Cursor A vertical or horizontal line kind of ruler that you can place on the screen and move horizontally or vertically to measure values at certain points of the waveform DC Direct Current DC Coupling A mode of signal transmission that passes both AC and DC signal components...

Страница 67: ... The last display having been displayed just before the instrument was turned off Vertical Scale The scale used for vertical display vertical sensitivity expressed in certain units per division G 5 NTC A resistor that has a Negative Temperature Coefficient resistance decreases as temperature increases O2 Sensor Oxygen sensor Off time The part of an electrical signal during which an electrical devi...

Страница 68: ...FE ACTUATOR TESTS MENU Injector PFI MFI Injector TBI Injector PNP Injector Bosch Mixture Cntl Sol EGR Cntl Sol IAC Motor IAC Solenoid Trans Shift Sol Turbo Boost Sol Diesel Glow Plug ELECTRICAL TESTSMENU Power Circuit V Ref Circuit Ground Circuit Alternator Output Alternator Field VR Alternator Diode Audio System DC Switch Circuits IGNITION TESTS MENU PIP SPOUT DI Primary DI Secondary DIS Primary ...

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