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Appendix -3: Description of UPS and Block Diagram
Input & Output EMI Filter: These filters (EMI – Electro Magnetic Interference) prevent
electromagnetic interference between the mains and the load. Additionally, protect UPS and loads
from any surge.
Bypass Thyristor: In case any inverter fault occurs; Bypass thyristor transfers the energy
electronically from input to output without any cut at the output.
Battery Charger: The charger charges the batteries
Booster Rectifier: On mains operation, the boost rectifier adjusts the mains voltage to the
necessary DC voltage level required for the inverter and helps to provide sinus current with a power
factor near to 1 from the mains.
On battery mode it increases the battery voltage level, required for the inverter and uses current
from the battery with a low ripple ratio thus extending the battery life.
Inverter: The inverter helps to obtain a very constant AC voltage level at the output by using DC
voltage at the rectifier’s output.
Inverter Thyristor: This helps to separate inverter from the output electronically in case of by pass
mode operation or UPS output off conditions.
Battery: The necessary energy is supplied from the batteries when the mains is not available.
Manual Bypass Breaker: This is an automatic breaker which connects the output of the UPS to the
Bypass input. It is used mainly for maintenance purposes on the UPS without deenergizing the load
and supplying by the mains.