Hunter 386, Руководство пользователя

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GLOSSARY OF SAILING TERMS
PAGE 6
Drift:
1, to float with the current or
wind; 2, US the speed of a current
(rate UK); 3, UK: the distance a boat
is carried by a current in a given time.
Drogue:
a sea anchor put over the
stern of a boat or life raft to retard drift .
Drop keel:
a retractable
keel
which
can be drawn into the hull, when
entering
shallow waters and
recovering on to a trailer.
E
Eye of the wind:
direction from which
the true wind blows.
F
Fair: well-faired line or surface is
smoother with no bumps, hollows or
abrupt changes in directions.
Fairlead:
a fitting through which a line
is run to alter the lead of the line.
Fathom: the measurement used for
depths of water and lengths or rope. 1
fathom = 6 ft. or 1.83m.
Fid:
a tapered tool used for
splicing
heavy rope and for sail-making, often
hollow.
Fiddle:
a raised border for a cabin
table, chart table etc., to prevent
objects falling off when the boat
heels .
Fix:
the position of the vessel as
plotted from two or more position
lines.
Forestay: the foremost stay, running
from the masthead to the stemhead,
to which the headsail is hanked.
Freeboard:
vertical distance between
the waterline and the top of the deck.
G
Genoa: a large headsail, in various
sizes, which overlaps the mainsail and
is hoisted in light to fresh winds on all
points of
sailing.
Gimbals: two concentric rings,
pivoted at right angles, which keeps
objects horizontal despite the boat
’
s
motion, e. g. compass and cooker.
Go about: to turn the boat through the
eye of the wind
to change tack.
Gooseneck:
the fitting attaching the
boom to the mast, allowing it to move
in all directions.
Goosewing: to boom-out the headsail
to windward on a run by using a
whisker pole
to hold the sail on the
opposite side to the mainsail.
Ground tackle: general term used for
anchoring gear.
Guard rail:
a metal rail fitted around
the boat to prevent the crew falling
overboard.
Gudgeon:
a rudder fitting. It is the eye
into which the
pintle
fits.
Guy: a steadying rope for a spar; a
spinnaker guy controls the fore and aft
position of the spinnaker pole; the
foreguy holds the spinnaker pole
forward and down.
Gybe: to change from one tack to
another by turning the stern through
the wind.
H
Halyard:
rope used to hoist and lower
sails.
Hank: fitting used to attach the luff of
a sail to a stay.
Hatch:
an opening in the deck giving
access to the interior.
Hawes pipe: see Navel pipe .
Head-topwind:
when the bows are
pointing right into the wind.
Headfoil:
a streamlined surround to a
forestay , with a groove into which a
headsail
luff
slides.
Heads:
the toilet.
Headway:
the forward movement of a
boat through the water.
Heave-to:
to
back
the jib and lash the
tiller to
leeward
; used in heavy
weather to encourage the boat to lie
quietly and to reduce
headway.
Heaving line:
a light line suitable for
throwing ashore.
Heel:
to lean over to one side.
I
Isobars:
lines on a weather map
joining places of equal atmospheric
pressure.
J
Jackstay:
a line running fore and aft,
on both sides of the boat, to which
safety harnesses are clipped.
Jury:
a temporary device to replace
lost or damaged gear.
K
Keel:
the main backbone of the boat
to which a ballast keel is bolted or
through which the
centerboard
passes.
Kicking strap: a line used to pull the
boom down, to keep it horizontal,
particularly on a reach or run.
L
Lanyard:
a short line attached to one
object, such as a knife, with which it is
secured to another.
Leech:
1, the after edge of a triangle
sail; 2, both side edges of a square
sail.
Leehelm: the tendency of a boat to
bear away from the wind.
Lee shore:
a shore on to which the
wind blows.
Leeward: away from the wind; the
direction to which the wind blows.
Leeway:
the sideways movement of a
boat off its
course
as a result of the
wind blowing on one side of the sails.
Lifeline:
a wire or rope rigged around
the deck to prevent the crew falling
overboard.
Limber holes: gaps left at the lower
end of frames above the
keel
to allow
water to drain to the lowest point of
the
bilges
.
List: a boat
’
s more or less permanent
lean to one side, owing to the
improper distribution of weight, e.g.,
ballast
or water.
Log: 1, an instrument for measuring a
boat
’
s speed and distance traveled
through the water; 2, to record in a
book the details of a voyage, usually
distances covered and weather.
Luff:
the forward edge of a sail. To luff
up is to turn a boat
’
s head right into
the wind.
Luff groove: a groove in a wooden or
metal spar into which the
luff
of a
headsail is fed.
Lurch:
the sudden roll of a boat.
M
Marlin spike:
a pointed steel or
wooden spike used to open up the
strands of rope or wire then splicing.
Mast Step:
the socket in which the
base of the mast is located.
Measured mile:
a distance of one
nautical mile measured between
buoys or
transits/ranges
ashore, and
marked on the chart.