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Multicast addresses

Network-layer multicast addresses (namely, multicast IP addresses) enables communication between

multicast sources and multicast group members. In addition, a technique must be available to map

multicast IP addresses to link-layer multicast MAC addresses.
The membership of a group is dynamic. Hosts can join or leave multicast groups at any time.

IP multicast addresses

•

IPv4 multicast addresses:
The IANA assigns the Class D address space (224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255) for IPv4 multicast.

Table 2

Class D IP address blocks and description

Address block

Description

224.0.0.0 to 224.0.0.255

Reserved permanent group addresses. The IP address 224.0.0.0 is
reserved. Other IP addresses can be used by routing protocols and

for topology searching, protocol maintenance, and so on.

lists common permanent group addresses. A packet destined for an
address in this block will not be forwarded beyond the local subnet

regardless of the TTL value in the IP header.

224.0.1.0 to 238.255.255.255

Globally scoped group addresses. This block includes the following
types of designated group addresses:

•

232.0.0.0/8

—SSM group addresses.

•

233.0.0.0/8

—Glop group addresses.

239.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255

Administratively scoped multicast addresses. These addresses are
considered locally unique rather than globally unique, and can be

reused in domains administered by different organizations without

causing conflicts. For more information, see RFC 2365.

"Glop" is a mechanism for assigning multicast addresses between different ASs. By filling an AS
number into the middle two bytes of 233.0.0.0, you get 255 multicast addresses for that AS. For
more information, see RFC 2770.

Table 3

Some reserved multicast addresses

Address Description

224.0.0.1

All systems on this subnet, including hosts and routers.

224.0.0.2

All multicast routers on this subnet.

224.0.0.3 Unassigned.

224.0.0.4 DVMRP

routers.

224.0.0.5 OSPF

routers.

224.0.0.6

OSPF designated routers and backup designated routers.

224.0.0.7 ST

routers.

224.0.0.8 ST

hosts.

224.0.0.9 RIPv2

routers.

224.0.0.11 Mobile

agents.

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Содержание MSR ASM

Страница 1: ...HP MSR Router Series IP Multicast Configuration Guide V5 Part number 5998 8182 Software version CMW520 R2513 Document version 6PW106 20150808 ...

Страница 2: ... MATERIAL INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompa...

Страница 3: ...ctions 21 Configuration prerequisites 21 Enabling IGMP 21 Specifying the IGMP version 22 Configuring an interface as a static member interface 22 Configuring a multicast group filter 23 Setting the maximum number of multicast groups that an interface can join 23 Adjusting IGMP performance 24 Configuration prerequisites 24 Configuring Router Alert option handling methods 24 Configuring IGMP query a...

Страница 4: ...eriod 59 Configuring PIM SM 59 PIM SM configuration task list 60 Configuration prerequisites 60 Enabling PIM SM 61 Configuring an RP 62 Configuring a BSR 64 Configuring administrative scoping 67 Configuring multicast source registration 69 Configuring switchover to SPT 70 Configuring BIDIR PIM 71 BIDIR PIM configuration task list 71 Configuration prerequisites 71 Enabling PIM SM 72 Enabling BIDIR ...

Страница 5: ...ng a multicast routing policy 122 Configuring a multicast forwarding range 123 Configuring the multicast forwarding table size 123 Tracing a multicast path 124 Displaying and maintaining multicast routing and forwarding 125 Configuration examples 126 Changing an RPF route 126 Creating an RPF route 128 Multicast forwarding over GRE tunnels 130 Troubleshooting multicast routing and forwarding 133 St...

Страница 6: ...55 IGMP snooping configuration examples 156 Group policy and simulated joining configuration example 156 Static port configuration example 158 IGMP snooping querier configuration example 161 IGMP snooping proxying configuration example 163 Troubleshooting IGMP snooping 166 Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function 166 Appendix 166 Processing of multicast protocol messages 166 Configuring MSDP 1...

Страница 7: ...filtering 205 Configuring inbound MBGP route filtering 206 Configuring MBGP route dampening 207 Configuring MBGP route attributes 208 Configuration prerequisites 208 Configuring MBGP route preferences 208 Configuring the default local preference 208 Configuring the MED attribute 209 Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute 209 Configuring the AS_PATH attribute 210 Optimizing MBGP networks 210 Configurat...

Страница 8: ... types 271 MLD SSM mapping 274 MLD proxying 275 Protocols and standards 275 MLD configuration task list 276 Configuring basic MLD functions 276 Configuration prerequisites 276 Enabling MLD 277 Configuring the MLD version 277 Configuring static joining 277 Configuring an IPv6 multicast group filter 278 Setting the maximum number of IPv6 multicast groups that an interface can join 278 Adjusting MLD ...

Страница 9: ...sites 315 Enabling IPv6 PIM SM 316 Configuring an RP 316 Configuring a BSR 319 Configuring IPv6 administrative scoping 322 Configuring IPv6 multicast source registration 323 Configuring switchover to SPT 324 Configuring IPv6 BIDIR PIM 325 IPv6 BIDIR PIM configuration task list 325 Configuration prerequisites 325 Enabling IPv6 PIM SM 326 Enabling IPv6 BIDIR PIM 326 Configuring an RP 326 Configuring...

Страница 10: ... forwarding table size 379 Displaying and maintaining IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding 380 IPv6 multicast forwarding over GRE tunnel configuration example 381 Troubleshooting abnormal termination of IPv6 multicast data 384 Configuring MLD snooping 386 Hardware compatibility 386 Overview 386 Basic MLD snooping concepts 387 How MLD snooping works 388 MLD snooping proxying 389 Protocols and stan...

Страница 11: ...overview 419 IPv6 MBGP configuration task list 419 Configuring basic IPv6 MBGP functions 420 Configuration prerequisites 420 Configuring an IPv6 MBGP peer 420 Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or a peer group 420 Controlling route distribution and reception 421 Configuration prerequisites 421 Injecting a local IPv6 MBGP route 421 Configuring IPv6 MBGP route redistribution 421 Co...

Страница 12: ...2 Resetting IPv6 MBGP connections 433 Clearing IPv6 MBGP information 434 IPv6 MBGP configuration example 434 Network requirements 434 Configuration procedure 435 Support and other resources 437 Contacting HP 437 Subscription service 437 Related information 437 Documents 437 Websites 437 Conventions 438 Index 440 ...

Страница 13: ...icast in this document refers to IP multicast Multicast overview The information transmission techniques include unicast broadcast and multicast Unicast In unicast transmission the information source must send a separate copy of information to each host that needs the information Figure 1 Unicast transmission In Figure 1 assume that Host B Host D and Host E need the information A separate transmis...

Страница 14: ...ceive it In addition to information security issues broadcasting to hosts that do not need the information also causes traffic flooding on the same subnet Broadcast is disadvantageous in transmitting data to specific hosts Moreover broadcast transmission is a significant waste of network resources Multicast Unicast and broadcast techniques cannot provide point to multipoint data transmissions with...

Страница 15: ...dition data broadcast is confined to the same subnet but multicast is not Multicast features Multicast transmission has the following features A multicast group is a multicast receiver set identified by an IP multicast address Hosts join a multicast group to become members of the multicast group before they can receive the multicast data addressed to that multicast group Typically a multicast sour...

Страница 16: ...t tree RPT or a multicast packet that any multicast source sends to multicast group G Here the asterisk represents any multicast source and G represents a specific multicast group S G Shortest path tree SPT or a multicast packet that multicast source S sends to multicast group G Here S represents a specific multicast source and G represents a specific multicast group For more information about the...

Страница 17: ...rence between the SSM model and the ASM model is that in the SSM model receivers have already determined the locations of the multicast sources by some other means In addition the SSM model uses a multicast address range that is different from that of the ASM SFM model and dedicated multicast forwarding paths are established between receivers and the specified multicast sources Multicast architect...

Страница 18: ...egardless of the TTL value in the IP header 224 0 1 0 to 238 255 255 255 Globally scoped group addresses This block includes the following types of designated group addresses 232 0 0 0 8 SSM group addresses 233 0 0 0 8 Glop group addresses 239 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 Administratively scoped multicast addresses These addresses are considered locally unique rather than globally unique and can be re...

Страница 19: ...le 4 Flags field description Bit Description 0 Reserved set to 0 R When set to 0 it indicates that this address is an IPv6 multicast address without an embedded RP address When set to 1 it indicates that this address is an IPv6 multicast address with an embedded RP address The P and T bits must also be set to 1 P When set to 0 it indicates that this address is an IPv6 multicast address not based o...

Страница 20: ...of an IPv4 multicast MAC address are 0x01005E Bit 25 is 0 and the other 23 bits are the least significant 23 bits of a multicast IPv4 address Figure 6 IPv4 to MAC address mapping As shown in Figure 6 the most significant four bits of a multicast IPv4 address are 1110 which means that this address is a multicast address Only 23 bits of the remaining 28 bits are mapped to a MAC address so five bits ...

Страница 21: ...ooping PIM snooping IPv6 PIM snooping multicast VLAN and IPv6 multicast VLAN IPv4 and IPv6 multicast protocols For IPv4 networks IGMP snooping PIM snooping multicast VLAN IGMP PIM MSDP and MBGP For IPv6 networks MLD snooping IPv6 PIM snooping IPv6 multicast VLAN MLD IPv6 PIM and IPv6 MBGP This section provides only general descriptions about applications and functions of the Layer 2 and Layer 3 mu...

Страница 22: ...stribution trees within an AS to deliver multicast data to receivers Among a variety of mature intra domain multicast routing protocols Protocol Independent Multicast PIM is most widely used Based on the forwarding mechanism PIM has dense mode often referred to as PIM DM and sparse mode often referred to as PIM SM An inter domain multicast routing protocol is used for delivery of multicast informa...

Страница 23: ...ld of IP multicast packets To deliver multicast packets to receivers located at different positions of the network multicast routers on the forwarding paths usually need to forward multicast packets that an incoming interface receives to multiple outgoing interfaces Compared with a unicast model a multicast model is more complex in the following aspects To ensure multicast packet transmission in t...

Страница 24: ...nt networks and maintain a separate forwarding mechanism for each network On a PE device a set of software and hardware that serve the same network forms an instance Multiple instances can exist on the same PE device and an instance can reside on different PE devices On a PE device the instance for the public network is called the public network instance and those for VPNs are called VPN instances...

Страница 25: ...VPN instances As shown in Figure 10 when a multicast source in VPN A sends a multicast stream to a multicast group only the receivers that belong to both the multicast group and VPN A can receive the multicast stream The multicast data is multicast both in VPN A and on the public network ...

Страница 26: ...ction to implement the SSM model For more information about the ASM and SSM models see Multicast overview IGMPv1 overview IGMPv1 manages multicast group memberships based on the query and response mechanism All multicast routers on the same subnet can get IGMP membership report messages often called reports from hosts but the subnet needs only one router to act as the IGMP querier to send IGMP que...

Страница 27: ...st on the local subnet is interested in G1 This IGMP report suppression mechanism helps reduce traffic on the local subnet 4 At the same time because Host A is interested in G2 it sends a report to the multicast group address of G2 5 Through the query report process the IGMP routers determine that members of G1 and G2 are attached to the local subnet and the multicast routing protocol PIM for exam...

Страница 28: ...MPv2 when a host leaves a multicast group the following steps occur 1 This host sends a leave message to all routers on the local subnet The destination address is 224 0 0 2 2 After receiving the leave message the querier sends a configurable number of group specific queries to the group that the host is leaving The destination address field and group address field of the message are both filled w...

Страница 29: ...in query and report capabilities 1 Query message carrying the source addresses IGMPv3 supports not only general queries feature of IGMPv1 and group specific queries feature of IGMPv2 but also group and source specific queries A general query does not carry a group address or a source address A group specific query carries a group address but no source address A group and source specific query carr...

Страница 30: ...uter has identified the desired multicast sources when receivers join multicast groups When a host that is running IGMPv3 joins a multicast group it can explicitly specify one or more multicast sources in its IGMPv3 report A host that is running IGMPv1 or IGMPv2 however cannot specify multicast source addresses in its report In this case you must configure the IGMP SSM mapping feature to translate...

Страница 31: ... each boundary device is a host but no longer a PIM neighbor to the upstream device Figure 14 IGMP proxying As shown in Figure 14 an IGMP proxy device has the following types of interfaces Upstream interface Also called the proxy interface A proxy interface is an interface on which IGMP proxying is configured It is in the direction toward the root of the multicast forwarding tree An upstream inter...

Страница 32: ... Discovery MLD Based Multicast Forwarding IGMP MLD Proxying IGMP configuration task list For the configuration tasks in this section the following rules apply The configurations made in IGMP view are effective on all interfaces The configurations made in interface view are effective only on the current interface A configuration made in interface view always has priority over the same global config...

Страница 33: ...termine the maximum number of multicast groups that an interface can join Enabling IGMP To configure IGMP you must enable IGMP on the interface where the multicast group memberships will be established and maintained Enabling IGMP for the public network Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enable IP multicast routing multicast routing enable Disabled by default 3 Enter interf...

Страница 34: ...ion version number IGMPv2 by default Specifying the version of IGMP on an interface Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Specify the version of IGMP on the interface igmp version version number IGMPv2 by default Configuring an interface as a static member interface You can configure an interface as a static ...

Страница 35: ...ce maintains only the multicast groups that match the criteria To configure a multicast group filter Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Configure a multicast group filter igmp group policy acl number version number By default no multicast group filter is configured on this interface Namely hosts on the cur...

Страница 36: ...GMP queries include group specific queries and group and source specific queries Multicast groups change dynamically so a device cannot maintain the information for all multicast sources and groups For this reason when an IGMP router receives a multicast packet but cannot locate the outgoing interface for the destination multicast group it must use the Router Alert option to pass the multicast pac...

Страница 37: ...l query interval to check for multicast group members on the network You can modify the IGMP general query interval based on actual condition of the network The IGMPv2 querier sends IGMP group specific queries at the IGMP last member query interval when it receives an IGMP leave message The IGMPv3 querier sends IGMP group and source specific queries at the IGMP last member query interval when it r...

Страница 38: ...ew system view N A 2 Enter public network IGMP view or VPN instance IGMP view igmp vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure the IGMP querier s robustness variable robust count robust value 2 by default A higher robustness variable makes the IGMP querier more robust but results in longer multicast group timeout time 4 Configure the startup query interval startup query interval interval By def...

Страница 39: ...ast member query interval interval 1 second by default 9 Configure the other querier present interval igmp timer other querier present interval By default the other querier present interval is IGMP general query interval IGMP robustness variable maximum response time for IGMP general queries 2 Enabling IGMP fast leave processing In some applications such as ADSL dial up networking only one multica...

Страница 40: ...tion and timeout time You can monitor and manage the member hosts according to the recorded information Enabling the IGMP host tracking function globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network IGMP view VPN instance IGMP view igmp vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Enable the IGMP host tracking function globally host tracking Disabled by default Enabling ...

Страница 41: ...performing this configuration multiple times you can map a multicast group to different multicast sources On a device that supports both IGMP snooping and IGMP if you configure simulated joining on an IGMPv3 enabled VLAN interface without specify any multicast source the simulated member host still sends IGMPv3 reports In this case the corresponding multicast group will not be created based on the...

Страница 42: ...ed by the working multicast routing protocol such as PIM to serve as the IGMP querier Therefore a downstream interface running IGMPv1 cannot be elected as the DR and thus cannot serve as the IGMP querier You cannot enable IGMP proxying on a VLAN interface with IGMP snooping enabled or vice versa Configuration procedure To enable IGMP proxying Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N ...

Страница 43: ...ilable in any view Display information about the hosts tracked by IGMP on the Layer 2 ports display igmp host port info vlan vlan id group group address source source address begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display IGMP configuration and operation information display igmp all instance vpn instance vpn instance name interface interface type interface number verbose be...

Страница 44: ...on of multicast data Remove all the dynamic Layer 2 port entries of a specified IGMP group or all IGMP groups reset igmp group port info all group address vlan vlan id Available in user view This command cannot remove the static Layer 2 port entries of IGMP groups Clear IGMP SSM mappings reset igmp all instance vpn instance vpn instance name ssm mapping group all interface interface type interface...

Страница 45: ...GMP Enable IP multicast routing on Router A enable PIM DM on each interface and enable IGMP on Ethernet 1 1 RouterA system view RouterA multicast routing enable RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 igmp enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface pos 5 0 RouterA Pos5 0 pim dm RouterA Pos5 0 quit Enable IP multicast routing on Router B enable PIM DM on...

Страница 46: ...isplay IGMP information on Ethernet 1 1 of Router B RouterB display igmp interface ethernet 1 1 Ethernet1 1 10 110 2 1 IGMP is enabled Current IGMP version is 2 Value of query interval for IGMP in seconds 60 Value of other querier present interval for IGMP in seconds 125 Value of maximum query response time for IGMP in seconds 10 Querier for IGMP 10 110 2 1 this router Total 1 IGMP Group reported ...

Страница 47: ...gn IP addresses and configure unicast routing a Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface according to Figure 16 Details not shown b Configure OSPF on the routers in the PIM SM domain to make sure they are interoperable at the network layer and they can dynamically update their routing information Details not shown 2 Enable IP multicast routing enable PIM SM on each interface and enab...

Страница 48: ... on Router D RouterD pim RouterD pim c bsr ethernet 1 3 RouterD pim c rp ethernet 1 3 RouterD pim quit 4 Configure the SSM group range Configure the SSM group range 232 1 1 0 24 on Router D RouterD acl number 2000 RouterD acl basic 2000 rule permit source 232 1 1 0 0 0 0 255 RouterD acl basic 2000 quit RouterD pim RouterD pim ssm policy 2000 RouterD pim quit Configure the SSM group range on Router...

Страница 49: ...00 13 25 Upstream interface Ethernet1 3 Upstream neighbor 192 168 4 2 RPF prime neighbor 192 168 4 2 Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Ethernet1 1 Protocol igmp UpTime 00 13 25 Expires 133 133 3 1 232 1 1 1 Protocol pim ssm Flag UpTime 00 13 25 Upstream interface Ethernet1 2 Upstream neighbor 192 168 3 1 RPF prime neighbor 192 168 3 1 Downstream interface s informa...

Страница 50: ...m RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit Enable IP multicast routing on Router B IGMP proxying on Ethernet 1 1 and IGMP on Ethernet 1 2 RouterB system view RouterB multicast routing enable RouterB interface ethernet 1 1 RouterB Ethernet1 1 igmp proxying enable RouterB Ethernet1 1 quit RouterB interface ethernet 1 2 RouterB Ethernet1 2 igmp enable RouterB Ethernet1 2 quit Verifying the configuration Display the ...

Страница 51: ... host the router will not be able to recognize the IGMP report from the host If you have configured the igmp group policy command on the interface the interface cannot receive report messages that fail to pass filtering Solution 1 Use the display igmp interface command to verify that the networking interface connection and IP address configuration are correct If no information is output the interf...

Страница 52: ...IGMP router is compatible with a host that is running a different version of IGMP all routers on the same subnet must run the same version of IGMP Inconsistent IGMP versions running on routers on the same subnet also leads to inconsistency of IGMP memberships Solution 1 Use the display current configuration command to verify the IGMP configuration information on the interfaces 2 Use the display ig...

Страница 53: ... is a type of dense mode multicast protocol It uses the push mode for multicast forwarding and is suitable for small sized networks with densely distributed multicast members The following describes the basic implementation of PIM DM PIM DM assumes that at least one multicast group member exists on each subnet of a network Therefore multicast data is flooded to all nodes on the network Then branch...

Страница 54: ...rs in the PIM DM domain 2 Nodes without receivers downstream are pruned A router having no receivers downstream sends a prune message to the upstream node The message notifies the upstream node to delete the corresponding interface from the outgoing interface list in the S G entry and to stop forwarding subsequent packets addressed to that multicast group down to this node NOTE An S G entry contai...

Страница 55: ...etwork with more than one multicast router the assert mechanism shuts off duplicate multicast flows to the network It does this by electing a unique multicast forwarder on the shared media network Figure 19 Assert mechanism As shown in Figure 19 the assert mechanism is as follows 1 After Router A and Router B receive an S G packet from the upstream node both routers forward the packet to the local...

Страница 56: ...the multicast data addressed to a specific multicast group the router connected to this receiver sends a join message to the RP associated with that multicast group The path along which the message goes hop by hop to the RP forms a branch of the RPT When a multicast source sends multicast streams to a multicast group the source side DR first registers the multicast source with the RP by sending re...

Страница 57: ...ction The router with the highest DR priority will become the DR 2 In the case of a tie in the router priority or if any router in the network does not support carrying the DR election priority in hello messages the router with the highest IP address will win the DR election 3 When the DR fails a timeout in receiving a hello message triggers a new DR election process among the other routers RP dis...

Страница 58: ...s that it periodically originates and floods the bootstrap messages to the entire PIM SM domain Figure 21 BSR and C RPs Based on the information in the RP sets all routers in the network can calculate the location of the corresponding RPs based on the following rules 1 The C RP with the highest priority wins 2 If all the C RPs have the same priority their hash values are calculated through the has...

Страница 59: ...d to the multicast group G flows through the RP reaches the corresponding DR along the established RPT and finally is delivered to the receiver When a receiver is no longer interested in the multicast data addressed to the multicast group G the directly connected DR sends a prune message which goes hop by hop along the RPT to the RP After receiving the prune message the upstream node deletes the i...

Страница 60: ... the leaf of the SPT 4 The subsequent multicast data from the multicast source travels along the established SPT to the RP Then the RP forwards the data along the RPT to the receivers When the multicast traffic arrives at the RP along the SPT the RP sends a register stop message to the source side DR by unicast to stop the source registration process NOTE In this section the RP is configured to in...

Страница 61: ... created the S G entry in their forwarding table establishing an SPT branch b When the multicast packets travel to the router where the RPT and the SPT deviate the router drops the multicast packets received from the RPT and sends an RP bit prune message hop by hop to the RP After receiving this prune message the RP sends a prune message toward the multicast source suppose only one receiver exists...

Страница 62: ...address of the next hop to the RP DF election On a network segment with multiple multicast routers the same multicast packets might be forwarded to the RP repeatedly To address this issue BIDIR PIM uses a DF election mechanism to elect a unique DF for each RP on every network segment within the BIDIR PIM domain and allows only the DF to forward multicast data to the RP DF election is not necessary...

Страница 63: ...receiver side As shown in Figure 25 the process for building a receiver side RPT is similar to that for building an RPT in PIM SM 1 When a receiver joins multicast group G it uses an IGMP message to inform the directly connected router 2 After getting the receiver information the router sends a join message which is forwarded hop by hop to the RP of the multicast group 3 The routers along the path...

Страница 64: ...the RP Administrative scoping overview Typically a PIM SM domain or BIDIR PIM domain contains only one BSR The BSR advertises RP set information within the entire PIM SM domain or BIDIR PIM domain The information for all multicast groups is forwarded within the network scope that the BSR administers This is called the non scoped BSR mechanism To implement refined management you can divide a PIM SM...

Страница 65: ...n scoped zone is a logical zone for particular multicast groups The multicast packets for such multicast groups are confined within the local admin scoped zone and cannot cross the boundary of the zone Figure 27 Relationship in view of geographical locations As shown in Figure 27 for the multicast groups in a specific group address range the admin scoped zones must be geographically separated and ...

Страница 66: ...GMPv3 or PIM SM technique is adopted to implement the SSM model In the SSM model receivers locate a multicast source by means of advertisements consultancy and so on No RP or RPT is required no source registration process exists and the MSDP is not needed for discovering sources in other PIM domains The operating mechanism of PIM SSM is summarized as follows Neighbor discovery DR election SPT buil...

Страница 67: ...uilt in the network with the source S as its root and receivers as its leaves This SPT is the transmission channel in PIM SSM If the group address does not fall into the SSM group range the receiver side DR sends a G join message to the RP and the source side DR registers the multicast source In PIM SSM the term channel refers to a multicast group and the term channel subscription refers to a join...

Страница 68: ...t Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM Protocol Specification Revised RFC 4601 Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode PIM SM Protocol Specification Revised RFC 5015 Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast BIDIR PIM RFC 5059 Bootstrap Router BSR Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast PIM RFC 4607 Source Specific Multicast for IP Draft ietf ssm overview 05 An Overview of Source Specific Multic...

Страница 69: ...h messages Determine the graft retry period Enabling PIM DM When PIM DM is enabled a router sends hello messages periodically to discover PIM neighbors and processes messages from the PIM neighbors When you deploy a PIM DM domain enable PIM DM on all non border interfaces of the routers PIM DM does not work with multicast groups in the SSM group range IMPORTANT All the interfaces on a device must ...

Страница 70: ...op by hop along the initial multicast flooding path of the PIM DM domain to refresh the prune timer state of all the routers on the path A shared media subnet can have the state refresh capability only if the state refresh capability is enabled on all PIM routers on the subnet To enable the state refresh capability Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view int...

Страница 71: ...onal 30 seconds by default 5 Configure the TTL value of state refresh messages state refresh ttl ttl value Optional 255 by default Configuring PIM DM graft retry period In PIM DM graft messages are the only type of messages that involve the acknowledgment mechanism In a PIM DM domain a router sends a graft message to an upstream router If the router does not receive a graft ack message from the up...

Страница 72: ... switchover to SPT Optional Configuring common PIM features Optional Configuration prerequisites Before you configure PIM SM complete the following tasks Configure any unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain are interoperable at the network layer Determine the IP address of a static RP and the ACL rule defining the range of multicast groups to be served by the static RP Determin...

Страница 73: ...Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 4 Enable PIM SM pim sm Disabled by default Enabling PIM SM in a VPN instance Step Command Description 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Create a VPN instance and enter VPN instance view ip vpn instance vpn instance name N A For more information about this command see MPLS Command Reference 3 Configure an RD for the VPN instance...

Страница 74: ...rred By default no static RP is configured Configuring a C RP In a PIM SM domain you can configure routers that intend to become the RP as C RPs The BSR collects the C RP information by receiving the C RP Adv messages from C RPs or auto RP announcements from other routers and organizes the information into an RP set which is flooded throughout the entire network Then the other routers in the netwo...

Страница 75: ... RP set information from the received messages and encapsulates its own IP address together with the RP set information in its bootstrap messages The BSR then floods the bootstrap messages to all PIM routers in the network Each C RP encapsulates a timeout value in its C RP Adv messages After receiving a C RP Adv message the BSR obtains this timeout value and starts a C RP timeout timer If the BSR ...

Страница 76: ...iously configured hosts can forge bootstrap messages to fool routers and change RP mappings Such attacks often occur on border routers Because a BSR is inside the network whereas hosts are outside the network you can protect a BSR against attacks from external hosts by enabling the border routers to perform neighbor checks and RPF checks on bootstrap messages and to discard unwanted messages When ...

Страница 77: ...er interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Configure a PIM domain border pim bsr boundary By default no PIM domain border is configured Configuring global C BSR parameters In each PIM SM domain a unique BSR is elected from C BSRs The C RPs in the PIM SM domain send advertisement messages to the BSR The BSR summarizes the advertisement messages to form an RP set and advertise...

Страница 78: ...when the BS timeout timer expires a new BSR election process is triggered among the C BSRs Perform the following configuration on C BSR routers To configure C BSR timers Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network PIM view or VPN instance PIM view pim vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure the BS period c bsr interval interval Optional By default the BS ...

Страница 79: ...rface The function of BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled by default A device that does not support this function might regard a fragment as an entire message and learns only part of the RP set information Therefore if such devices exist in the PIM SM domain you need to disable the semantic fragmentation function on the C BSRs To disable the BSM semantic fragmentation function Step Command Remar...

Страница 80: ...g C BSRs for each admin scoped zone and the global scoped zone In a network with administrative scoping enabled group range specific BSRs are elected from C BSRs C RPs in the network send advertisement messages to the specific BSR The BSR summarizes the advertisement messages to form an RP set and advertises it to all routers in the specific admin scoped zone All the routers use the same hash algo...

Страница 81: ... rule denies an S G entry or if the filtering rule does not define the action for this entry the RP will send a register stop message to the DR to stop the registration process for the multicast data In view of information integrity of register messages in the transmission process you can configure the device to calculate the checksum based on the entire register messages However to reduce the wor...

Страница 82: ...probe time probe interval interval Optional 5 seconds by default Configuring switchover to SPT Both the receiver side DR and the RP can periodically check the traffic rate of passing by multicast packets and thus trigger a switchover to SPT Perform the following configuration on routers that might become receiver side DRs and on C RP routers To configure SPT switchover Step Command Remarks 1 Enter...

Страница 83: ...ing C BSRs for each admin scoped zone and the global scoped zone Optional Configuring common PIM features Optional Configuration prerequisites Before you configure BIDIR PIM complete the following tasks Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can reach each other Determine the IP address of a static RP and the ACL that defines the range of the multicast groups to be ...

Страница 84: ... A 2 Create a VPN instance and enter VPN instance view ip vpn instance vpn instance name N A For more information about this command see MPLS Command Reference 3 Configure an RD for the VPN instance route distinguisher route distinguisher Not configured by default For more information about this command see MPLS Command Reference 4 Enable IP multicast routing multicast routing enable Disabled by d...

Страница 85: ...tatic RP As a result the link becomes an RPL To make a static RP to work correctly you must perform this configuration on all routers in the BIDIR PIM domain and specify the same RP address To configure a static RP Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network PIM view or VPN instance PIM view pim vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure a static RP for BIDI...

Страница 86: ...able the BSR to distribute the RP set information within the BIDIR PIM domain C RPs must periodically send C RP Adv messages to the BSR The BSR learns the RP set information from the received messages and encapsulates its own IP address together with the RP set information in its bootstrap messages The BSR then floods the bootstrap messages to all PIM routers in the network Each C RP encapsulates ...

Страница 87: ...ive measures Some maliciously configured hosts can forge bootstrap messages to fool routers and change RP mappings Such attacks often occur on border routers Because a BSR is inside the network whereas hosts are outside the network you can protect a BSR against attacks from external hosts by enabling the border routers to perform neighbor checks and RPF checks on bootstrap messages and discard unw...

Страница 88: ...view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Configure a BIDIR PIM domain border pim bsr boundary By default no BIDIR PIM domain border is configured Configuring global C BSR parameters In each BIDIR PIM domain a unique BSR is elected from C BSRs The C RPs in the BIDIR PIM domain send advertisement messages to the BSR The BSR summarizes the advertisement messages...

Страница 89: ...out timer expires a new BSR election process is triggered among the C BSRs Perform the following configuration on C BSR routers To configure C BSR timers Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network PIM view or VPN instance PIM view pim vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure the BS period c bsr interval interval Optional By default the BS period is determ...

Страница 90: ...e function of BSM semantic fragmentation is enabled by default Devices not supporting this function might deem a fragment as an entire message thus learning only part of the RP set information Therefore if such devices exist in the BIDIR PIM domain you need to disable the semantic fragmentation function on the C BSRs To disable the BSM semantic fragmentation function Step Command Remarks 1 Enter s...

Страница 91: ...s for each admin scoped zone and the global scoped zone In a network with administrative scoping enabled group range specific BSRs are elected from C BSRs C RPs in the network send advertisement messages to the specific BSR The BSR summarizes the advertisement messages to form an RP set and advertises it to all routers in the specific admin scoped zone All the routers use the same hash algorithm t...

Страница 92: ...coped zone Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network PIM view or VPN instance PIM view pim vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure a C BSR for the global scoped zone c bsr global hash length hash length priority priority No C BSRs are configured for the global scoped zone by default Configuring PIM SSM PIM SSM needs the support of IGMPv3 Be sure to enab...

Страница 93: ...iew ip vpn instance vpn instance name N A For more information about this command see MPLS Command Reference 3 Configure an RD for the VPN instance route distinguisher route distinguisher No RD is configured by default For more information about this command see MPLS Command Reference 4 Enable IP multicast routing multicast routing enable Disabled by default 5 Enter interface view interface interf...

Страница 94: ...cy acl number Optional 232 0 0 0 8 by default Configuring common PIM features For the configuration tasks in this section the following rules apply The configurations made in PIM view are effective on all interfaces The configurations made in interface view are effective only on the current interface A configuration made in interface view always has priority over the same configuration made in PIM...

Страница 95: ...based on the configured filtering rules and determine whether to continue forwarding the multicast data In other words PIM routers can act as multicast data filters These filters can help implement traffic control and also control the information available to downstream receivers to enhance data security Generally a smaller distance from the filter to the multicast source results in a more remarka...

Страница 96: ...for a downstream router to override a prune message If the prune message delay or override interval on different PIM routers on a shared media LAN are different the largest value takes effect A router does not immediately prune an interface after it receives a prune message from the interface Instead it starts a timer the prune message delay plus the override interval If interface receives a join ...

Страница 97: ...l 1 by default 4 Set the neighbor lifetime pim hello option holdtime interval Optional 105 seconds by default 5 Set the prune message delay pim hello option lan delay interval Optional 500 milliseconds by default 6 Set the override interval pim hello option override interval interval Optional 2500 milliseconds by default 7 Enable the neighbor tracking function pim hello option neighbor tracking Di...

Страница 98: ...am interface Any router that has lost assert election will prune its downstream interface and maintain the assert state for a period of time When the assert state times out the assert losers will resume multicast forwarding When a router fails to receive subsequent multicast data from multicast source S the router does not immediately delete the corresponding S G entry Instead it maintains the S G...

Страница 99: ...ert timeout timer pim holdtime assert interval Optional 180 seconds by default Configuring join prune message sizes A large join prune message size might result in loss of a larger amount of information if a message is lost You can set a small value for the size of each join prune message to reduce the impact in case of the loss of a message By controlling the maximum number of S G entries in each...

Страница 100: ...ession Available in any view Display PIM information on an interface or all interfaces display pim all instance vpn instance vpn instance name interface interface type interface number verbose begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display information about join prune messages to send display pim all instance vpn instance vpn instance name join prune mode sm flags flag valu...

Страница 101: ...nd one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network The entire PIM domain operates in the dense mode Host A and Host C are multicast receivers in two stub networks N1 and N2 IGMPv2 runs between Router A and N1 and between Router B Router C and N2 Figure 31 Network diagram Table 8 shows the interface and IP address assignment and network topology scheme Table 8 Interface and IP address assignm...

Страница 102: ...IP multicast routing on Router A enable PIM DM on each interface and enable IGMP on Ethernet 1 1 which connects Router A to N1 RouterA system view RouterA multicast routing enable RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 igmp enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface serial 2 0 RouterA Serial2 0 pim dm RouterA Serial2 0 quit The configuration on Router ...

Страница 103: ...1 31 5 Assume that Host A needs to receive the information addressed to multicast group G 225 1 1 1 After the multicast source S 10 1 10 5 100 24 sends multicast packets to the multicast group G an SPT is established through traffic flooding Routers on the SPT path Router A and Router D have their S G entries Host A sends an IGMP report to Router A to join the multicast group G and a G entry is ge...

Страница 104: ...ever 2 Pos5 1 Protocol pim dm UpTime 00 03 27 Expires never PIM SM non scoped zone configuration example Network requirements As shown in Figure 32 the receivers receive VOD information through multicast The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network The entire PIM SM domain contains only one BSR Host A and Host C are mul...

Страница 105: ... 5 0 192 168 2 1 24 Router C Ethernet 1 1 10 110 2 2 24 Router C POS 5 0 192 168 3 1 24 Router D Ethernet 1 1 10 110 5 1 24 Router D Serial 2 0 192 168 1 2 24 Router D POS 5 0 192 168 4 2 24 Router E POS 5 0 192 168 3 2 24 Router E POS 5 1 192 168 2 2 24 Router E POS 5 2 192 168 9 2 24 Router E POS 5 3 192 168 4 1 24 Source 10 110 5 100 24 PIM SM Router A Router B Router C Router D Receiver Host A...

Страница 106: ... IP multicast routing PIM SM and IGMP on Router B and Router C in the same way Details not shown Enable IP multicast routing and PIM SM on Router D and Router E in the same way Details not shown 3 Configure a C BSR and a C RP On Router D configure the service scope of RP advertisements specify a C BSR and a C RP and set the hash mask length to 32 and the priority of the C BSR to 10 RouterD system ...

Страница 107: ...cept Preferred Scope Not scoped Uptime 00 40 40 Expires 00 01 42 Display information about the BSR and locally configured C RP on Router D RouterD display pim bsr info VPN Instance public net Elected BSR Address 192 168 9 2 Priority 20 Hash mask length 32 State Accept Preferred Scope Not scoped Uptime 00 05 26 Expires 00 01 45 Candidate BSR Address 192 168 4 2 Priority 10 Hash mask length 32 State...

Страница 108: ...group G 225 1 1 0 The RP corresponding to the multicast group G is Router E as a result of hash calculation so an RPT will be built between Router A and Router E When the multicast source S 10 1 10 5 100 24 registers with the RP an SPT will be built between Router D and Router E After receiving multicast data Router A immediately switches from the RPT to the SPT Routers on the RPT path Router A an...

Страница 109: ...M routing table information on Router D RouterD display pim routing table VPN Instance public net Total 0 G entry 1 S G entry 10 110 5 100 225 1 1 0 RP 192 168 9 2 Protocol pim sm Flag SPT LOC ACT UpTime 00 00 42 Upstream interface Ethernet1 1 Upstream neighbor NULL RPF prime neighbor NULL Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Pos5 0 Protocol pim sm UpTime 00 00 42 Exp...

Страница 110: ... of Router B acts as a C BSR and C RP of admin scoped zone 1 which serve the multicast group range 239 0 0 0 8 Serial 2 1 of Router D acts as a C BSR and C RP of admin scoped zone 2 which also serve the multicast group range 239 0 0 0 8 Serial 2 1 of Router F acts as a C BSR and a C RP of the global scoped zone which serve all the multicast groups other than those in the 239 0 0 0 8 range IGMPv2 r...

Страница 111: ...ter I Eth1 1 192 168 6 1 24 Source 3 192 168 5 10 24 Router I S2 1 10 110 10 2 24 Configuration procedure 1 Assign IP addresses and configure unicast routing a Assign an IP address and subnet mask to each interface according to Figure 33 Details not shown b Configure OSPF on the routers in the PIM SM domain to make sure they are interoperable at the network layer Details not shown 2 Enable IP mult...

Страница 112: ...and POS 5 2 as the boundary of admin scoped zone 1 RouterB interface pos 5 1 RouterB Pos5 1 multicast boundary 239 0 0 0 8 RouterB Pos5 1 quit RouterB interface pos 5 2 RouterB Pos5 2 multicast boundary 239 0 0 0 8 RouterB Pos5 2 quit On Router C configure POS 5 1 and POS 5 2 as the boundary of admin scoped zone 2 RouterC system view RouterC interface pos 5 1 RouterC Pos5 1 multicast boundary 239 ...

Страница 113: ...pim quit On Router F configure Serial 2 1 as a C BSR and C RP in the global scoped zone RouterF system view RouterF pim RouterF pim c bsr global RouterF pim c bsr serial 2 1 RouterF pim c rp serial 2 1 RouterF pim quit Verifying the configuration Display information about the BSR and locally configured C RP on Router B RouterB display pim bsr info VPN Instance public net Elected BSR Address 10 110...

Страница 114: ...ted Scope 239 0 0 0 8 Uptime 00 03 48 Next BSR message scheduled at 00 01 12 Candidate BSR Address 10 110 4 2 Priority 64 Hash mask length 30 State Elected Scope 239 0 0 0 8 Candidate RP 10 110 4 2 Serial2 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 150 Advertisement Interval 60 Next advertisement scheduled at 00 00 10 Display information about the BSR and locally configured C RP on Router F RouterF display pim bsr i...

Страница 115: ...8 RP 10 110 1 2 local Priority 192 HoldTime 150 Uptime 00 07 44 Expires 00 01 51 Display RP information on Router D RouterD display pim rp info VPN Instance public net PIM SM BSR RP information Group MaskLen 224 0 0 0 4 RP 10 110 9 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 150 Uptime 00 03 42 Expires 00 01 48 Group MaskLen 239 0 0 0 8 RP 10 110 4 2 local Priority 192 HoldTime 150 Uptime 00 06 54 Expires 00 02 41 Di...

Страница 116: ...ure 34 Network diagram Table 1 1 shows the interface and IP address assignment and network topology scheme Table 11 Interface and IP address assignment Device Interface IP address Router A Ethernet 1 1 192 168 1 1 24 Router A Serial 2 1 10 110 1 1 24 Router B Ethernet 1 1 192 168 2 1 24 Router B Serial 2 1 10 110 1 2 24 Router B Serial 2 2 10 110 2 1 24 Router C Serial 2 1 10 110 2 2 24 Router C S...

Страница 117: ...ce and enable BIDIR PIM RouterA system view RouterA multicast routing enable RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim sm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface serial 2 1 RouterA Serial2 1 pim sm RouterA Serial2 1 quit RouterA pim RouterA pim bidir pim enable RouterA pim quit On Router B enable IP multicast routing enable PIM SM on each interface enable IGMP on interface Ethernet...

Страница 118: ...1 RouterD Ethernet1 1 igmp enable RouterD Ethernet1 1 pim sm RouterD Ethernet1 1 quit RouterD interface ethernet 1 2 RouterD Ethernet1 2 pim sm RouterD Ethernet1 2 quit RouterD interface serial 2 1 RouterD Serial2 1 pim sm RouterD Serial2 1 quit RouterD pim RouterD pim bidir pim enable RouterD pim quit 3 On Router C configure Serial 2 1 as a C BSR and loopback interface 0 as a C RP for the entire ...

Страница 119: ...rface State DF Pref DF Metric DF Uptime DF Address Eth1 1 Win 100 1 01 19 53 192 168 3 1 local Eth1 2 Win 100 1 00 39 34 192 168 4 1 local Ser2 2 Lose 0 0 01 21 40 10 110 3 1 To display the DF information of the multicast forwarding table on a router use the display multicast forwarding table df info command Display the DF information of the multicast forwarding table on Router A RouterA display m...

Страница 120: ...outer D RouterD display multicast forwarding table df info Multicast DF information of VPN Instance public net Total 1 RP Total 1 RP matched 00001 RP Address 1 1 1 1 MID 0 Flags 0x2100000 0 Uptime 00 05 12 RPF interface Serial2 1 List of 2 DF interfaces 1 Ethernet1 1 2 Ethernet1 2 PIM SSM configuration example Network requirements As shown in Figure 35 the receivers receive VOD information through...

Страница 121: ...S 5 0 192 168 2 1 24 Router C Ethernet 1 1 10 110 2 2 24 Router C POS 5 0 192 168 3 1 24 Router D Ethernet 1 1 10 110 5 1 24 Router D Serial 2 0 192 168 1 2 24 Router D POS 5 0 192 168 4 2 24 Router E POS 5 0 192 168 3 2 24 Router E POS 5 1 192 168 2 2 24 Router E POS 5 2 192 168 9 2 24 Router E POS 5 3 192 168 4 1 24 Source 10 110 5 100 24 PIM SSM Router A Router B Router C Router D Receiver Host...

Страница 122: ...rface pos 5 0 RouterA Pos5 0 pim sm RouterA Pos5 0 quit Enable IP multicast routing PIM SM and IGMP on Router B and Router C in the same way Details not shown Enable IP multicast routing and PIM SM on Router D and Router E in the same way Details not shown 3 Configure the SSM group range Configure the SSM group range to be 232 1 1 0 24 on Router A RouterA acl number 2000 RouterA acl basic 2000 rul...

Страница 123: ... 2 Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Ethernet1 1 Protocol igmp UpTime 00 13 25 Expires 00 03 25 Display PIM routing table information on Router D RouterD display pim routing table VPN Instance public net Total 0 G entry 1 S G entry 10 110 5 100 232 1 1 1 Protocol pim ssm Flag LOC UpTime 00 12 05 Upstream interface Ethernet1 1 Upstream neighbor NULL RPF prime neighb...

Страница 124: ...mode information a router that is running PIM cannot identify what PIM mode its PIM neighbor is running If different PIM modes are enabled on the RPF interface and on the corresponding interface of the RPF neighbor router the establishment of a multicast distribution tree will fail causing abnormal multicast forwarding The same PIM mode must run on the entire network Otherwise the establishment of...

Страница 125: ...the multicast forwarding boundary settings Use the multicast boundary command to change the multicast forwarding boundary settings 3 Use the display current configuration command to verify the multicast filter configuration Change the ACL rule defined in the source policy command so that the source group address of the multicast data can pass ACL filtering RPs cannot join SPT in PIM SM Symptom An ...

Страница 126: ... not contain the information of that C RP The RP is the core of a PIM SM domain Make sure the RP information on all routers is exactly the same a specific group G is mapped to the same RP and unicast routes are available to the RP Solution 1 Use the display ip routing table command to verify that routes to the RP and the BSR are available on each router and that a route between the RP and the BSR ...

Страница 127: ...reating multicast routing table entries a multicast routing protocol uses the reverse path forwarding RPF check mechanism to ensure multicast data delivery along the correct paths In addition the RPF check mechanism also helps avoid data loops RPF check process A multicast routing protocol uses the following tables to perform the RPF check Unicast routing table Contains unicast routing information...

Страница 128: ...bootstrap message from the BSR the packet source for RPF check is the BSR For more information about the concepts of SPT RPT source side RPT RP and BSR see Configuring PIM For more information about multicast across VPNs see Configuring multicast VPN RPF check implementation in multicast Implementing an RPF check on each received multicast packet would bring a big burden to the router The use of a...

Страница 129: ... the outgoing interface to Source the RPF interface is POS 5 1 It means that the S G entry is correct but the packet traveled along a wrong path The RPF check fails and the router discards the packet Static multicast routes A static multicast route is an important basis for RPF check It only affects RPF check but does not guide multicast forwarding A static multicast route is also called an RPF st...

Страница 130: ...from Router A to Router B and then to Router C Creating an RPF route When a unicast route is blocked multicast traffic forwarding might be stopped due to lack of an RPF route You can create an RPF route by configuring a static multicast route for a given multicast source so that a multicast routing entry is created to guide multicast traffic forwarding Figure 38 Creating an RPF route As shown in F...

Страница 131: ...hen forward the packets to Router B across the GRE tunnel Then Router B strips off the unicast IP header and continues to forward the multicast data down toward the receivers If unicast static routes are configured across the tunnel any unicast packet can be transmitted through the tunnel If you want to dedicate this tunnel to multicast traffic delivery configure only a static multicast route acro...

Страница 132: ...e end of the request packet and unicasts it to the previous hop 4 When the first hop router receives the request packet it changes the packet type to indicate a response packet Then it unicasts the completed packet to the querier Configuration task list Task Remarks Enabling IP multicast routing Required Configuring multicast routing and forwarding Configuring static multicast routes Optional Conf...

Страница 133: ...uting and forwarding complete the following tasks Configure a unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain are interoperable at the network layer Enable PIM PIM DM or PIM SM Determine the minimum TTL value required for a multicast packet to be forwarded Determine the maximum number of downstream nodes for a single multicast forwarding table entry Determine the maximum number of entri...

Страница 134: ...ation about RPF route selection see RPF check process By configuring per source or per source and group load splitting you can optimize the traffic delivery when multiple data flows are handled Configuring a multicast routing policy for the public network Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Configure the device to select the RPF route based on the longest prefix match princi...

Страница 135: ...han or equal to the minimum TTL value configured on the interface the packet will be forwarded If the TTL value of the packet is smaller than the minimum TTL value configured on the interface the packet will be discarded To configure a multicast forwarding range Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Configure...

Страница 136: ...multicast forwarding table route limit limit Optional The default is the maximum number allowed by the system The maximum value depends on your device model For more information see IP Multicast Command Reference 3 Configure the maximum number of downstream nodes for a single multicast forwarding entry multicast forwarding table downstream limit limit Optional The default value is 128 Configuring ...

Страница 137: ...clude match interface type interface number register statistics port info begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display the DF information of the multicast forwarding table display multicast all instance vpn instance vpn instance name forwarding table df info rp address begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view For more information about designated for...

Страница 138: ...g routing entry is also removed from the multicast routing table Clear routing entries from the multicast routing table reset multicast all instance vpn instance vpn instance name routing table source address mask mask mask length group address mask mask mask length incoming interface interface type interface number register all Available in user view When a routing entry is removed from the multi...

Страница 139: ...able IP multicast routing on Router B enable PIM DM on each interface and enable IGMP on Ethernet 1 1 RouterB system view RouterB multicast routing enable RouterB interface ethernet 1 1 RouterB Ethernet1 1 igmp enable RouterB Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterB Ethernet1 1 quit RouterB interface ethernet 1 2 RouterB Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterB Ethernet1 2 quit RouterB interface ethernet 1 3 RouterB Ethernet...

Страница 140: ...its RPF neighbor to Source RouterB ip rpf route static 50 1 1 100 24 20 1 1 2 Verifying the configuration Display information about the RPF route to Source on Router B RouterB display multicast rpf info 50 1 1 100 RPF information about source 50 1 1 100 RPF interface Ethernet1 2 RPF neighbor 20 1 1 2 Referenced route mask 50 1 1 0 24 Referenced route type multicast static Route selection rule pref...

Страница 141: ... RouterC Ethernet1 1 quit RouterC interface ethernet 1 2 RouterC Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterC Ethernet1 2 quit Enable IP multicast routing on Router A and enable PIM DM on each interface RouterA system view RouterA multicast routing enable RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 2 RouterA Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 2 q...

Страница 142: ...0 1 1 100 RPF interface Ethernet1 3 RPF neighbor 30 1 1 2 Referenced route mask 50 1 1 0 24 Referenced route type multicast static Route selection rule preference preferred Load splitting rule disable RouterC display multicast rpf info 50 1 1 100 RPF information about source 50 1 1 100 RPF interface Ethernet1 2 RPF neighbor 20 1 1 2 Referenced route mask 50 1 1 0 24 Referenced route type multicast...

Страница 143: ...e tunnel 0 RouterC Tunnel0 ip address 50 1 1 2 24 On Router C specify the tunnel encapsulation mode as GRE over IPv4 and configure the source and destination addresses of the interface RouterC Tunnel0 tunnel protocol gre RouterC Tunnel0 source 30 1 1 2 RouterC Tunnel0 destination 20 1 1 1 RouterC Tunnel0 quit 3 Configure OSPF Configure OSPF on Router A RouterA ospf 1 RouterA ospf 1 area 0 RouterA ...

Страница 144: ...erA Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 2 quit RouterA interface tunnel 0 RouterA Tunnel0 pim dm RouterA Tunnel0 quit Enable multicast routing on Router C enable PIM DM on each interface and enable IGMP on Ethernet 1 1 RouterC multicast routing enable RouterC interface ethernet 1 1 RouterC Ethernet1 1 igmp enable RouterC Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterC Ethernet1 1 quit RouterC interface ethernet 1 2 R...

Страница 145: ...me 00 04 25 Expires never The output shows that Router A is the RPF neighbor of Router C and the multicast data from Router A is delivered over a GRE tunnel to Router C Troubleshooting multicast routing and forwarding This section describes common multicast routing and forwarding problems and how to troubleshoot them Static multicast route failure Symptom No dynamic routing protocol is enabled on ...

Страница 146: ...reases the TTL value of the multicast packet by 1 and recalculates the checksum value Then the router forwards the packet to all outgoing interfaces If the multicast minimum ttl command is configured on the outgoing interfaces the TTL value of the packet must be greater than the configured minimum TTL value Otherwise the packet is discarded If you have configured a multicast forwarding boundary by...

Страница 147: ...icast MAC addresses and forwards multicast data based on these mappings As shown in Figure 43 without IGMP snooping a Layer 2 switch floods multicast packets out of all ports but the incoming port IGMP snooping enables a Layer 2 switch to forward multicast packets destined for a known multicast group address out of only ports that have multicast receivers This feature improves bandwidth efficiency...

Страница 148: ...et 1 2 and Ethernet 1 3 of Switch A and Ethernet 1 2 of Switch B are member ports The switch registers all the member ports on the local device in its IGMP snooping forwarding table Unless otherwise specified router ports and member ports in this document include both static and dynamic router ports and member ports Dynamic router ports include ports that receive IGMP general queries with the sour...

Страница 149: ... timer for the port If the port that received the query is not in the router port list adds it into the router port list as a dynamic router port and starts an aging timer for the port When receiving a membership report A host sends an IGMP report to the IGMP querier for the following purposes Responds to queries if the host is a multicast group member Applies for joining a multicast group After r...

Страница 150: ...oes not immediately remove the port from the forwarding entry for that group Instead it restarts the aging timer for the port After receiving the IGMP leave message the IGMP querier resolves the multicast group address in the message and sends an IGMP group specific query to the multicast group through the port that received the leave message After receiving the IGMP group specific query the IGMP ...

Страница 151: ...ing table for the forwarding entry for the multicast group If a forwarding entry matches the multicast group and contains the receiving port as a dynamic member port the proxy restarts the aging timer for the port If a forwarding entry matches the multicast group but does not contain the receiving port the proxy adds the port to the forwarding entry as a dynamic member port and starts an aging tim...

Страница 152: ...view Layer 2 aggregate interface view or port group view For IGMP snooping the configurations made on a Layer 2 aggregate interface do not interfere with the configurations on its member ports nor do they take part in aggregation calculations The configurations made on a member port of the aggregate group will take effect after the port leaves the aggregate group Complete these tasks to configure ...

Страница 153: ...tions complete the following tasks Configure the corresponding VLANs Determine the version of IGMP snooping Enabling IGMP snooping When you enable IGMP snooping follow these guidelines Enable IGMP snooping globally before you enable it for a VLAN If you enable IGMP snooping for a VLAN do not enable IGMP or PIM on the corresponding VLAN interface or vice versa IGMP snooping for a VLAN works on only...

Страница 154: ...igure IGMP snooping port functions Configuration prerequisites Before you configure IGMP snooping port functions complete the following tasks Enable IGMP snooping in the VLAN Configure the corresponding port groups Determine the aging timer for dynamic router ports Determine the aging timer for dynamic member ports Determine the multicast group and multicast source addresses Setting aging timers f...

Страница 155: ...osts attached to a port are interested in the multicast data addressed to a particular multicast group or the multicast data that a particular multicast source sends to a particular group you can configure the port as a static member port for the specified multicast group or the specified multicast source and group You can also configure a port to be a static router port through which the IGMP sno...

Страница 156: ...ceives an IGMP query it replies with an IGMP report Therefore the IGMP snooping enabled router can continue receiving multicast data A simulated host is equivalent to an independent host in the following ways When a port is configured as a simulated member host the IGMP snooping enabled router sends an unsolicited IGMP report through the port and can respond to IGMP general queries with IGMP repor...

Страница 157: ...t Enabling IGMP snooping fast leave processing for a port Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view or Layer 2 aggregate interface view or enter port group view Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view or Layer 2 aggregate interface view interface interface type interface number Enter port group view port group manual port group name Use either c...

Страница 158: ...eral queries Determine the source address of IGMP general queries Determine the source address of IGMP group specific queries Enabling IGMP snooping querier In an IP multicast network that runs IGMP a multicast router or Layer 3 multicast switch sends IGMP queries This allows all Layer 3 multicast devices to establish and maintain multicast forwarding entries for forwarding multicast traffic corre...

Страница 159: ...r IGMP general queries is set by the max response time command The maximum response delay for IGMP group specific queries equals the IGMP last member query interval CAUTION Make sure the interval for sending IGMP general queries is larger than the maximum response delay for IGMP general queries Otherwise multicast group members might be deleted by mistake Configuring the global parameters for IGMP...

Страница 160: ...system view N A 2 Enter VLAN view vlan vlan id N A 3 Configure the source IP address for IGMP general queries igmp snooping general query source ip ip address current interface 0 0 0 0 by default 4 Configure the source IP address for IGMP group specific queries igmp snooping special query source ip ip address current interface 0 0 0 0 by default Configuring IGMP snooping proxying This section desc...

Страница 161: ...0 Configuring IGMP snooping policies This section describes how to configure IGMP snooping policies Configuration prerequisites Before you configure IGMP snooping policies complete the following tasks Enable IGMP snooping for the VLAN Determine the ACL rule for multicast group filtering Determine the maximum number of multicast groups that a port can join Determine the 802 1p precedence for IGMP m...

Страница 162: ... group manual port group name Use either command 3 Configure a multicast group filter igmp snooping group policy acl number vlan vlan list By default no group filter is configured on the current port That is the hosts on this port can join any valid multicast group Configuring multicast source port filtering When the multicast source port filtering feature is enabled on a port the port can connect...

Страница 163: ...Enabling dropping unknown multicast data Unknown multicast data refers to multicast data for which no forwarding entries exist in the IGMP snooping forwarding table When the IGMP snooping enabled router receives such multicast traffic one of the following occurs If the function of dropping unknown multicast data is disabled floods unknown multicast data in the VLAN that the unknown multicast data ...

Страница 164: ...tically dropped Enabling dropping unknown multicast data globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IGMP snooping view igmp snooping N A 3 Enable dropping unknown multicast data globally drop unknown Disabled by default Enabling dropping unknown multicast data in a VLAN Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter VLAN view vlan vlan id N A 3 Enab...

Страница 165: ...groups that the port joins reaches the maximum value When the port joins a multicast group if the port has been configured as a static member port the system applies the configurations to the port again If you have configured simulated joining on the port the system establishes corresponding forwarding entry for the port after receiving a report from the simulated member host To set the maximum nu...

Страница 166: ...st group replacement overflow replace vlan vlan list Disabled by default Enabling multicast group replacement on a port Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view or Layer 2 aggregate interface view or enter port group view Enter Layer 2 Ethernet interface view or Layer 2 aggregate interface view interface interface type interface number Enter ...

Страница 167: ...2 Enter IGMP snooping view igmp snooping N A 3 Enable the IGMP snooping host tracking function globally host tracking Disabled by default Enabling the IGMP snooping host tracking function in a VLAN Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter VLAN view vlan vlan id N A 3 Enable the IGMP snooping host tracking function in the VLAN igmp snooping host tracking Disabled by default ...

Страница 168: ...face or a Layer 2 switching interface module acts as a switch Switch A in Figure 46 As shown in Figure 46 IGMPv2 runs on Router A IGMPv2 snooping runs on Switch A and Router A acts as the IGMP querier on the subnet The receivers Host A and Host B can receive multicast traffic addressed to multicast group 224 1 1 1 only Multicast data for group 224 1 1 1 can be forwarded through Ethernet 1 3 and Et...

Страница 169: ... unknown SwitchA vlan100 quit Configure a multicast group filter so that the hosts in VLAN 100 can join only the multicast group 224 1 1 1 SwitchA acl number 2001 SwitchA acl basic 2001 rule permit source 224 1 1 1 0 SwitchA acl basic 2001 quit SwitchA igmp snooping SwitchA igmp snooping group policy 2001 vlan 100 SwitchA igmp snooping quit Configure Ethernet 1 3 and Ethernet 1 4 as simulated host...

Страница 170: ...should be configured as static member ports for multicast group 224 1 1 1 to enhance the reliability of multicast traffic transmission Suppose the STP runs on the network To avoid data loops the forwarding path from Switch A to Switch C is blocked under normal conditions and multicast traffic flows to the receivers attached to Switch C only along the path of Switch A Switch B Switch C For more inf...

Страница 171: ...2 RouterA Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 2 quit 3 Configure Switch A Enable IGMP snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA igmp snooping SwitchA igmp snooping quit Create VLAN 100 assign Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 3 to this VLAN and enable IGMP snooping in the VLAN SwitchA vlan 100 SwitchA vlan100 port ethernet 1 1 to ethernet 1 3 SwitchA vlan100 igmp snooping enable SwitchA vlan100...

Страница 172: ...n the VLAN SwitchC vlan 100 SwitchC vlan100 port ethernet 1 1 to ethernet 1 5 SwitchC vlan100 igmp snooping enable SwitchC vlan100 quit Configure Ethernet 1 3 and Ethernet 1 5 as static member ports for multicast group 224 1 1 1 SwitchC interface Ethernet 1 3 SwitchC Ethernet1 3 igmp snooping static group 224 1 1 1 vlan 100 SwitchC Ethernet1 3 quit SwitchC interface Ethernet 1 5 SwitchC Ethernet1 ...

Страница 173: ... Static port C Copy port P PIM port Subvlan flags R Real VLAN C Copy VLAN Vlan id 100 Total 1 IP Group s Total 1 IP Source s Total 1 MAC Group s Router port s total 1 port Eth1 2 D 00 01 23 IP group s the following ip group s match to one mac group IP group address 224 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 224 1 1 1 Attribute Host Port Host port s total 2 port Eth1 3 S Eth1 5 S MAC group s MAC group address 0100 5e01 010...

Страница 174: ...uter port configure a non all zero IP address as the source IP address of IGMP queries to ensure normal creation of Layer 2 multicast forwarding entries Figure 48 Network diagram Configuration procedure 1 Configure switch A Enable IGMP snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA igmp snooping SwitchA igmp snooping quit Create VLAN 100 and assign Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 3 to the VLAN Swit...

Страница 175: ... IGMP messages on Switch B SwitchB display igmp snooping statistics Received IGMP general queries 3 Received IGMPv1 reports 0 Received IGMPv2 reports 12 Received IGMP leaves 0 Received IGMPv2 specific queries 0 Sent IGMPv2 specific queries 0 Received IGMPv3 reports 0 Received IGMPv3 reports with right and wrong records 0 Received IGMPv3 specific queries 0 Received IGMPv3 specific sg queries 0 Sent...

Страница 176: ...able RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 2 RouterA Ethernet1 2 pim dm RouterA Ethernet1 2 quit 3 Configure Switch A Enable IGMP snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA igmp snooping SwitchA igmp snooping quit Create VLAN 100 assign ports Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 4 to this VLAN and enable IGMP snooping and IGMP snooping proxying in the VLAN ...

Страница 177: ...s match to one mac group IP group address 224 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 224 1 1 1 Host port s total 2 port Eth1 3 D Eth1 4 D MAC group s MAC group address 0100 5e01 0101 Host port s total 2 port Eth1 3 Eth1 4 Display information about the IGMP multicast groups on Router A RouterA display igmp group Total 1 IGMP Group s Interface group report information of VPN Instance public net Ethernet1 1 10 1 1 1 Total 1 ...

Страница 178: ...Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function Symptom Layer 2 multicast forwarding cannot function Analysis IGMP snooping is not enabled Solution 1 Use the display current configuration command to view the running status of IGMP snooping 2 If IGMP snooping is not enabled use the igmp snooping command in system view to enable IGMP snooping globally and then use the igmp snooping enable command in VL...

Страница 179: ...the corresponding dynamic router port If IGMP is disabled on the router one of the following occurs If PIM is disabled the router deletes all its dynamic member ports and dynamic router ports If PIM is enabled the router deletes only its dynamic member ports but not its dynamic router ports NOTE On a router with Layer 3 multicast routing enabled use the display igmp group port info command to view...

Страница 180: ... other domains This allows multicast data to be transmitted among different domains With MSDP peer relationships established between appropriate routers in the network the RPs of different PIM SM domains are interconnected with one another These MSDP peers exchange source active SA messages so that the multicast source information is shared among these different domains MSDP is applicable only if ...

Страница 181: ...e RPT Intermediate MSDP peer An MSDP peer with multicast remote MSDP peers like RP 2 An intermediate MSDP peer forwards SA messages received from one remote MSDP peer to other remote MSDP peers functioning as a relay of multicast source information 2 MSDP peers created on common PIM SM routers other than RPs Router A and Router B are MSDP peers on common multicast routers Such MSDP peers just forw...

Страница 182: ...ddition you can configure MSDP peers into an MSDP mesh group so as to avoid flooding of SA messages between MSDP peers 4 SA messages are forwarded from one MSDP peer to another and finally the information about the multicast source traverses all PIM SM domains with MSDP peers PIM SM 2 and PIM SM 3 in this example 5 After receiving the SA message that RP 1 created RP 2 in PIM SM 2 examines whether ...

Страница 183: ... other peers without performing an RPF check Figure 52 Diagram for RPF check for SA messages As shown in Figure 52 these MSDP peers dispose of SA messages according to the following RPF check rules 1 When RP 2 receives an SA message from RP 1 Because the source side RP address in the SA message is the same as the MSDP peer address which means that the MSDP peer where the SA is from is the RP that ...

Страница 184: ...ed by MSDP peers Intra domain Anycast RP through MSDP Anycast RP refers to an application that enables load balancing and redundancy backup between two or more RPs within a PIM SM domain by configuring the same IP address for and establishing MSDP peering relationships between these RPs As shown in Figure 53 within a PIM SM domain a multicast source sends multicast data to multicast group G and Re...

Страница 185: ...th is built Load balancing between RPs Each RP maintains part of the source group information within the PIM SM domain and forward part of the multicast data achieving load balancing between different RPs Redundancy backup between RPs When an RP fails the multicast source that previously registered with the RP or the receivers that previously joined the RP will register with or join another neares...

Страница 186: ...l the configuration tasks should be performed on RPs in PIM SM domains and each of these RPs acts as an MSDP peer Configuration prerequisites Before you configure basic MSDP functions complete the following tasks Configure any unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain are interoperable at the network layer Configure PIM SM to enable intra domain multicast forwarding Determine the ...

Страница 187: ...r connection must be created on both devices that are a pair of MSDP peers If an interface of the router is shared by an MSDP peer and a BGP or MBGP peer at the same time HP recommends that you configure the IP address of the MSDP peer the same as that of the BGP or MBGP peer To create an MSDP peer connection Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network MSDP view...

Страница 188: ...P peer Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter public network MSDP view or VPN instance MSDP view msdp vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure the description for an MSDP peer peer peer address description text No description is configured for an MSDP peer by default Configuring an MSDP mesh group An AS can contain multiple MSDP peers You can use the MSDP mesh group...

Страница 189: ...ween them and the TCP connection is closed without any connection setup retry The configuration information however remains unchanged A TCP connection is required in the following situations When a new MSDP peer is created When a previously deactivated MSDP peer connection is reactivated When a previously failed MSDP peer attempts to resume operation You can adjust the interval between MSDP peerin...

Страница 190: ...tries In this case the source side DR must encapsulate multicast data packet by packet in register messages and send them to the source side RP The source side RP transmits the S G information to the remote RP through SA messages Then the remote RP joins the source side DR and builds an SPT Because the S G entries have timed out remote receivers can never receive the multicast data from the multic...

Страница 191: ...m view system view N A 2 Enter public network MSDP view or VPN instance MSDP view msdp vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Enable the device to send SA request messages peer peer address request sa enable Optional Disabled by default 4 Configure a filtering rule for SA request messages peer peer address sa request policy acl acl number Optional SA request messages are not filtered by default Conf...

Страница 192: ...A messages peer peer address sa policy import export acl acl number No filtering rule by default 5 Configure the TTL threshold for multicast data packet encapsulation in SA messages peer peer address minimum ttl ttl value Optional 0 by default Configuring the SA cache mechanism To reduce the time spent in obtaining the multicast information enable the SA cache mechanism to cache S G entries contai...

Страница 193: ...dress source address as number begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display the number of S G entries in the SA cache display msdp all instance vpn instance vpn instance name sa count as number begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Reset the TCP connection with an MSDP peer reset msdp all instance vpn instance vpn instance name peer peer address A...

Страница 194: ... address assignment Device Interface IP address Router A Ethernet 1 1 10 110 1 2 24 Router A Ethernet 1 2 10 110 2 1 24 Router A Ethernet 1 3 10 110 3 1 24 Router B Ethernet 1 1 10 110 1 1 24 Router B POS 5 0 192 168 1 1 24 Router B Loopback 0 1 1 1 1 32 Router C Ethernet 1 1 10 110 4 1 24 Router C Serial 2 0 192 168 3 1 24 Router C POS 5 0 192 168 1 2 24 Router C Loopback 0 2 2 2 2 32 Router D Et...

Страница 195: ...erA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim sm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 2 RouterA Ethernet1 2 pim sm RouterA Ethernet1 2 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 3 RouterA Ethernet1 3 igmp enable RouterA Ethernet1 3 pim sm RouterA Ethernet1 3 quit Enable IP multicast routing PIM SM and IGMP on Router B Router C Router D Router E and Router F in the same way Details not...

Страница 196: ...igure an MSDP peer on Router B RouterB msdp RouterB msdp peer 192 168 1 2 connect interface pos 5 0 RouterB msdp quit Configure MSDP peers on Router C RouterC msdp RouterC msdp peer 192 168 1 1 connect interface pos 5 0 RouterC msdp peer 192 168 3 2 connect interface serial 2 0 RouterC msdp quit Configure an MSDP peer on Router E RouterE msdp RouterE msdp peer 192 168 3 1 connect interface serial ...

Страница 197: ...SM 1 and PIM SM 2 send multicast information receivers in PIM SM 1 and PIM SM 3 can receive the multicast data Display the brief information about MSDP peering relationship on Router B RouterB display msdp brief MSDP Peer Brief Information of VPN Instance public net Configured Up Listen Connect Shutdown Down 1 1 0 0 0 0 Peer s Address State Up Down time AS SA Count Reset Count 192 168 1 2 Up 00 12...

Страница 198: ...ata 0 SAs learned from this peer 0 SA cache maximum for the peer none Input queue size 0 Output queue size 0 Counters for MSDP message Count of RPF check failure 0 Incoming outgoing SA messages 0 0 Incoming outgoing SA requests 0 0 Incoming outgoing SA responses 0 0 Incoming outgoing data packets 0 0 Inter AS multicast configuration by leveraging static RPF peers Network requirements As shown in F...

Страница 199: ...uter B Ethernet 1 1 10 110 1 2 24 Router B Ethernet 1 2 192 168 1 1 24 Router B POS 5 0 10 110 3 1 24 Router C Ethernet 1 1 10 110 2 2 24 Router C Ethernet 1 2 192 168 2 1 24 Router C Serial 2 0 10 110 4 1 24 Router D Ethernet 1 1 10 110 5 1 24 Router D POS 5 0 10 110 3 2 24 Router D Loopback 0 2 2 2 2 32 Router E Ethernet 1 1 10 110 5 2 24 Router E Ethernet 1 2 192 168 3 1 24 POS5 0 S2 0 Router B...

Страница 200: ...rface Ethernet 1 2 RouterC system view RouterC multicast routing enable RouterC interface ethernet 1 1 RouterC Ethernet1 1 pim sm RouterC Ethernet1 1 quit RouterC interface ethernet 1 2 RouterC Ethernet1 2 igmp enable RouterC Ethernet1 2 pim sm RouterC Ethernet1 2 quit RouterC interface serial 2 0 RouterC Serial2 0 pim sm RouterC Serial2 0 quit Enable IP multicast routing PIM SM and IGMP on Router...

Страница 201: ...p quit Configure an eBGP peer and redistribute OSPF routing information on Router F RouterF bgp 200 RouterF bgp router id 3 3 3 1 RouterF bgp peer 10 110 4 1 as number 100 RouterF bgp import route ospf 1 RouterF bgp quit Redistribute BGP routing information into OSPF on Router B RouterB ospf 1 RouterB ospf 1 import route bgp RouterB ospf 1 quit Redistribute BGP routing information into OSPF on Rou...

Страница 202: ...hich means that no BGP peering relationship has been established between Router A and Router D or between Router A and Router G When the multicast source in PIM SM 1 Source 1 and the multicast source in PIM SM 2 Source 2 send multicast information receivers in PIM SM 1 and PIM SM 3 can receive the multicast data You can use the display msdp brief command to display brief information about MSDP pee...

Страница 203: ... Router D configure the interface Loopback 10 as a C BSR and Loopback 20 as a C RP The router ID of Router B is 1 1 1 1 and the router ID of Router D is 2 2 2 2 Set up an MSDP peering relationship between Router B and Router D Figure 56 Network diagram Table 16 shows the interface and IP address assignment and network topology scheme Table 16 Interface and IP address assignment Device Interface IP...

Страница 204: ...ure 56 Details not shown b Configure OSPF on the routers in the PIM SM domain to make sure the routers are interoperable at the network layer and they can dynamically update routing information Details not shown 2 Enable IP multicast routing and enable PIM SM and IGMP Enable IP multicast routing on Router B enable PIM SM on each interface and enable IGMP on the host side interface Ethernet 1 1 Rou...

Страница 205: ...nating rp loopback 0 RouterD msdp peer 1 1 1 1 connect interface loopback 0 RouterD msdp quit Verifying the configuration Display brief information about MSDP peers on Router B RouterB display msdp brief MSDP Peer Brief Information of VPN Instance public net Configured Up Listen Connect Shutdown Down 1 1 0 0 0 0 Peer s Address State Up Down time AS SA Count Reset Count 2 2 2 2 Up 00 10 17 0 0 Disp...

Страница 206: ...t1 1 Protocol pim sm UpTime Expires Display PIM routing information on Router D RouterD display pim routing table No information is output on Router D Host A has left multicast group G and Source 1 has stopped sending multicast data to multicast group G When Source 2 10 1 10 6 100 24 sends multicast data to G Host B joins G By comparing the PIM routing information displayed on Router B with that d...

Страница 207: ...gure 57 three PIM SM domains exist in the network and OSPF runs within and among the domains to provide unicast routing Configure respective Loopback 0 of Router A Router C and Router D as a C BSR and C RP in the respective PIM SM domain Set up an MSDP peering relationship between Router A and Router C and between Router C and Router D Source 1 sends multicast data to multicast groups 225 1 1 0 30...

Страница 208: ...4 Router B Serial 2 1 10 110 2 2 24 Router B POS 5 1 192 168 2 1 24 Router C Ethernet 1 1 10 110 4 1 24 Router C Serial 2 1 10 110 5 1 24 Router C POS 5 1 192 168 1 2 24 Router C POS 5 2 192 168 2 2 24 Router C Loopback 0 2 2 2 2 32 Router D Ethernet 1 1 10 110 6 1 24 Router D Ethernet 1 2 10 110 7 1 24 Router D Serial 2 1 10 110 5 2 24 Router D Loopback 0 3 3 3 3 32 MSDP peers PIM SM 1 PIM SM 2 P...

Страница 209: ...face serial 2 1 RouterA Serial2 1 pim sm RouterA Serial2 1 quit RouterA interface pos 5 1 RouterA Pos5 1 pim sm RouterA Pos5 1 quit RouterA interface loopback 0 RouterA LoopBack0 pim sm RouterA LoopBack0 quit Enable IP multicast routing PIM SM and IGMP on Router B Router C and Router D in the same way Details not shown Configure PIM domain borders on Router C RouterC interface pos 5 1 RouterC Pos5...

Страница 210: ...rmit ip source any destination any RouterC acl adv 3001 quit RouterC msdp RouterC msdp peer 10 110 5 2 sa policy export acl 3001 RouterC msdp quit Configure an SA message filter on Router D so that Router D will not create SA messages for Source 2 RouterD acl number 2001 RouterD acl basic 2001 rule deny source 10 110 6 100 0 RouterD acl basic 2001 quit RouterD msdp RouterD msdp import source acl 2...

Страница 211: ...in down state Symptom The configured MSDP peers stay in down state Analysis A TCP connection based MSDP peering relationship is established between the local interface address and the MSDP peer after the configuration The TCP connection setup will fail if the local interface address is not consistent with the MSDP peer address configured on the peer router If no route is available between the MSDP...

Страница 212: ...ne another in the Anycast RP application Analysis In the Anycast RP application RPs in the same PIM SM domain are configured to be MSDP peers to achieve load balancing among the RPs An MSDP peer address must be different from the Anycast RP address and the C BSR and C RP must be configured on different devices or interfaces If you configure the originating rp command MSDP replaces the RP address i...

Страница 213: ...t BGP MBGP This document covers configuration tasks related to multiprotocol BGP for IP multicast only For more information about BGP see Layer 3 IP Routing Configuration Guide Protocols and standards RFC 2858 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP 4 RFC 3392 Capabilities Advertisement with BGP 4 draft ietf idmr bgp mcast attr 00 BGP Attributes for Multicast Tree Construction RFC 4271 A Border Gateway P...

Страница 214: ...ch other at the network layer Configuration procedure To configure basic MBGP functions Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Specify a peer or peer group and its AS number peer group name ip address as number as number Not specified by default 4 Enter IPv4 MBGP address family view ipv4 family multicast N A 5 Enable a peer or peer group creat...

Страница 215: ...ddress family view ipv4 family multicast N A 4 Configure route redistribution from another routing protocol Enable route redistribution from another routing protocol import route protocol process id all processes allow direct med med value route policy route policy name Inject a network into the MBGP routing table network ip address mask mask length short cut route policy route policy name At leas...

Страница 216: ...and routes injected with the network command are not summarized Manual summarization Summarizes MBGP local routes A manual summary route has a higher priority than an automatic one To configure MBGP route summarization Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv4 MBGP address family view ipv4 family multicast N A 4 Configure MBGP route su...

Страница 217: ...ute is available or not in the routing table Configuring outbound MBGP route filtering If several filtering policies are configured they are applied in the following sequence filter policy export peer filter policy export peer as path acl export peer ip prefix export peer route policy export Only the routes that have passed all the configured policies can be advertised To configure BGP route distr...

Страница 218: ...ence an IP prefix list to filter route advertisements to an IPv4 MBGP peer or a peer group peer group name ip address ip prefix ip prefix name export Configure at least one command No outbound route filtering is configured by default Configuring inbound MBGP route filtering By configuring MBGP route reception filtering policies you can filter out unqualified routes from an MBGP peer or peer group ...

Страница 219: ...e an IP prefix list to filter routing information from an IPv4 MBGP peer or a peer group peer group name ip address ip prefix ip prefix name import Configure at least one command No inbound route filtering is configured by default 5 Specify the maximum number of routes that can be received from an IPv4 MBGP peer or a peer group peer group name ip address route limit limit percentage Optional The n...

Страница 220: ...use the default preferences To configure MBGP route preferences Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv4 MBGP address family view ipv4 family multicast N A 4 Configure preferences for external internal local MBGP routes preference external preference internal preference local preference route policy route policy name Optional The defa...

Страница 221: ... enabled by default Configuring the NEXT_HOP attribute You can use the peer next hop local command to specify the local router as the next hop of routes sent to an MBGP IBGP peer or a peer group If load balancing is configured the router specifies itself as the next hop of route advertisements to the multicast IBGP peer or the peer group regardless of whether the peer next hop local command is con...

Страница 222: ...gp as number N A 3 Enter IPv4 MBGP address family view ipv4 family multicast N A 4 Configure the AS PATH attribute Allow the local AS number to appear in the AS path of routes from a peer or a peer group and specify the number of times that the local AS number can appear peer group name ip address allow as loop number Disable BGP from considering the AS path during best route selection bestroute a...

Страница 223: ...pply the new policy without terminating MBGP connections To perform soft reset through route refresh Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enable BGP route refresh for a peer or a peer group peer group name ip address capability advertise route refresh Optional Enabled by default Performing soft reset manually If the peer does not support rou...

Страница 224: ... the neighboring relationship the MBGP router and its MBGP peer can exchange ORF information through specific route refresh messages For the parameters configured on both sides for ORF capability negotiation see Table 18 To enable the MBGP ORF capability Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enable BGP route refresh for a peer or a peer group...

Страница 225: ...he ORF sending and receiving capabilities are enabled locally and on the peer Configuring the maximum number of MBGP routes for load balancing Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv4 MBGP address family view ipv4 family multicast N A 4 Configure the maximum number of MBGP routes for load balancing balance number Not configured by def...

Страница 226: ...eer group peer group name enable N A 7 Add an IPv4 MBGP peer to the peer group peer ip address group group name Not configured by default Configuring MBGP community The community attribute can be advertised between MBGP peers in different ASs Routers in the same community share the same policy You can reference a routing policy to modify the community attribute for routes sent to a peer In additio...

Страница 227: ...e fully meshed The route reflector forwards routing information between clients If clients are fully meshed you can disable route reflection between clients to reduce routing costs In general a cluster has only one route reflector and the router ID of the route reflector identifies the cluster You can configure multiple route reflectors to improve network stability In this case you need to specify...

Страница 228: ... view Display the prefix entries in the ORF information from the specified BGP peer display bgp multicast peer ip address received ip prefix begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display MBGP routing information display bgp multicast routing table ip address mask mask length longer prefixes begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display MBGP routing...

Страница 229: ...splay bgp multicast routing table peer ip address advertised routes received routes network address mask mask length statistic begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display IPv4 MBGP routing information matching an AS regular expression display bgp multicast routing table regular expression as regular expression Available in any view Display IPv4 MBGP routing statistics di...

Страница 230: ... S2 0 192 168 4 1 24 POS5 0 192 168 1 1 24 S2 1 192 168 2 2 24 Loop0 1 1 1 1 32 Loop0 3 3 3 3 32 Router B POS5 0 192 168 1 2 24 Router D S2 0 192 168 3 2 24 S2 0 192 168 2 1 24 S2 1 192 168 4 2 24 S2 1 192 168 3 1 24 Loop0 4 4 4 4 32 Loop0 2 2 2 2 32 Configuration procedure 1 Configure IP addresses for router interfaces as shown in Figure 58 Details not shown 2 Configure OSPF Details not shown 3 E...

Страница 231: ... PIM domain border on Router A RouterA interface pos 5 0 RouterA Pos5 0 pim bsr boundary RouterA Pos5 0 quit Configure a PIM domain border on Router B RouterB interface pos 5 0 RouterB Pos5 0 pim bsr boundary RouterB Pos5 0 quit 4 Configure C BSRs and C RPs Configure the C BSR and C RP on Router A RouterA interface loopback 0 RouterA LoopBack0 ip address 1 1 1 1 32 RouterA LoopBack0 pim sm RouterA...

Страница 232: ...ul quit RouterB bgp quit 6 Configure MSDP peers Specify the MSDP peer on Router A RouterA msdp RouterA msdp peer 192 168 1 2 connect interface pos 5 0 RouterA msdp quit Specify the MSDP peer on Router B RouterB msdp RouterB msdp peer 192 168 1 1 connect interface pos 5 0 RouterB msdp quit 7 Verify the configuration Use the display bgp multicast peer command to display MBGP peers on each router Thi...

Страница 233: ...221 Peer s Address State Up Down time AS SA Count Reset Count 192 168 1 1 Up 00 07 17 100 1 0 ...

Страница 234: ...rocesses VPN routing CE device Edge device on a customer network A CE device can be a router a switch or a host that implements route distribution on the customer network As shown in Figure 60 the network that runs multicast VPN carries independent multicast services for the public network VPN A and VPN B A PE multicast device at the edge of the public network supports multiple VPN instances and o...

Страница 235: ...gh VPNs and support multicast for each single VPN The PE devices connect with the public network and support multicast for the public network The PE devices support information exchange and data conversion between the public network and VPNs The device implements multicast VPN by means of the multicast domain MD method This multicast VPN implementation is referred to as MD VPN The most significant...

Страница 236: ...entified by the share group A share MDT is automatically created after configuration and will always exist on the public network regardless of the presence of any actual multicast services on the public network or the VPN Switch multicast distribution tree Switch MDT A switch MDT is an MDT that uses a switch group as it group address At MDT switchover PE devices with receivers downstream join a sw...

Страница 237: ...a through the MTI and the remote PE devices receive the private data through the MTI As shown in Figure 61 you can think of an MD as a private data transmission pool and you can regard an MTI as an entrance or exit of the pool The local PE device puts the private data into the transmission pool the MD through the entrance MTI and the transmission pool automatically duplicates the private data and ...

Страница 238: ... with receivers downstream b After a switch delay period has passed an MDT switchover process starts All VPN multicast packets that have entered the public network at that PE device are encapsulated into public network multicast packets using the switch group instead of using the share group so that they are switched from the share MDT to the switch MDT NOTE A VPN uniquely corresponds to an MD and...

Страница 239: ...he VPN data is sent out of the MTI and then the remote site can receive the data through the MTI Actually the multicast data transmission process the MDT transmission process over the public network is very complicated Share MDT establishment The multicast routing protocol running on the public network can be PIM DM PIM SM BIDIR PIM or PIM SSM The process of creating a share MDT is different in th...

Страница 240: ... entry is created on each device along the path on the public network 2 At the same time PE 2 and PE 3 initiate a similar join process respectively Finally an RPT is established in the MD with the public network RP as the root and PE 1 PE 2 and PE 3 as leaves 3 The public network on PE 1 registers the multicast source with the public network RP and the public network RP initiates a join to PE 1 Wi...

Страница 241: ...ly the receiver side RPT is established in the MD with the public network RP as the root and PE 1 PE 2 and PE 3 as leaves 3 The public network on PE 1 sends multicast data with the share group address as the destination multicast group address The DF on each subnet that the multicast data travels through on the public network unconditionally forwards the data to the RP and a 239 1 1 1 entry is cre...

Страница 242: ...network Thus an SPT is created in the network with PE 1 as its root PE 2 and PE 3 as its leaves 4 At the same time PE 2 and PE 3 initiate a similar SPT establishment process respectively Finally three independent SPTs are established in the MD In the PIM SS M network the three independent SPTs constitute a share MDT NOTE In PIM SSM subscribe messages are used equivalent to join messages Share MDT ...

Страница 243: ...eceivers and the VPN RP are in different sites a join process is initiated across the public network to establish an RPT If the multicast source and the VPN RP are in different sites a registration process is initiated across the public network to establish an SPT If the VPN network runs BIDIR PIM Hello packets are forwarded among MTI interfaces to establish PIM neighboring relationships If the re...

Страница 244: ... the VPN RP is in the site it interfaces with it passes the join message to the VPN instance on it Otherwise it discards the join message 5 When receiving the join message the VPN instance on PE 1 considers that it received the message from the MTI PE 1 creates a local state entry 225 1 1 1 with the downstream interface being the MTI and the upstream interface being the one that leads to CE 1 At t...

Страница 245: ...rce and the VPN RP are in different sites the multicast source sends multicast data to the VPN RP across the public network along the source side RPT If the VPN RP and the receivers are in different sites the VPN RP forwards the multicast data to the receivers across the public network along the receiver side RPT For more information about RPT to SPT switchover see Configuring PIM The following ex...

Страница 246: ... causing bandwidth waste and extra burden on the PE devices To optimize multicast transmission the MD solution establishes a dedicated switch MDT between the PE devices and the VPN multicast receivers and multicast sources for any large traffic VPN multicast stream before it enters the public network Then the multicast stream is switched from the share MDT to the switch MDT to deliver the multicas...

Страница 247: ...h MDT back to the share MDT The traffic rate of the VPN multicast data has fallen under the switchover threshold and stayed lower than the threshold for a certain length of time namely the switch holddown period The associated switch group pool is changed and the switch group address for encapsulating the VPN multicast data is out of the new address pool The ACL rule for controlling the switching ...

Страница 248: ... and public network multicast traffic between different ASs is transmitted within this MD Multicast VPN configuration task list Task Remarks Configuring MD VPN Enabling IP multicast routing in a VPN instance Required Configuring a share group and an MTI binding Required Configuring MDT switchover parameters Optional Enabling switch group reuse logging Optional Configuring BGP MDT Configuring BGP M...

Страница 249: ...ou enable the PE device to work for multiple VPNs You must configure the same share group address for the same VPN instance on different PE devices With a share group and an MTI number configured the system automatically creates an MTI binds the share group address to the MTI and binds the MTI to the current VPN instance Configuration guidelines After a BGP peer is configured with the peer connect...

Страница 250: ...hold To configure MDT switchover parameters Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter VPN instance view ip vpn instance vpn instance name N A 3 Configure the switch group pool address range and the switchover criteria multicast domain switch group pool switch group pool mask mask length threshold threshold value acl acl number By default no switch group pool is configured an...

Страница 251: ...is running on the public network you must configure BGP MDT Configuration prerequisites Before you configure BGP MDT complete the following tasks Configure MPLS L3VPN Configure basic BGP functions Determine the route reflector cluster ID Configuring BGP MDT peers or peer groups With BGP MDT peers or peer groups configured a PE exchanges the BGP MDT routing information with other PEs to obtain thei...

Страница 252: ...oops To configure a BGP MDT route reflector Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter BGP MDT sub address family view ipv4 family mdt N A 4 Configure the local device as a route reflector and specify its clients peer group name ip address reflect client By default neither route reflectors nor clients exist 5 Disable route reflection between...

Страница 253: ...ernal group group name internal Available in user view Multicast VPN configuration examples This section provides examples of configuring multicast VPN on routers Single AS MD VPN configuration example Network requirements Item Network requirements Multicast sources and receivers In VPN a S 1 is a multicast source and R 1 R 2 and R 3 are receivers In VPN b S 2 is a multicast source and R 4 is a re...

Страница 254: ...of CE a2 CE a3 and CE b2 PIM Enable PIM SM on all interfaces of the P router Enable PIM SM on all public and private network interfaces of PE 1 PE 2 and PE 3 Enable PIM SM on all interfaces of CE a1 CE a2 CE a3 CE b1 and CE b2 Configure Loopback 1 of P as a public network C BSR and C RP to work for all multicast groups Configure Loopback 1 of CE a2 as a C BSR and a C RP for VPN a to work for all m...

Страница 255: ...0 8 1 24 PE 2 Ethernet 1 2 10 110 3 1 24 CE b1 Ethernet 1 2 10 110 3 2 24 PE 2 Ethernet 1 3 10 110 4 1 24 CE b2 Ethernet 1 1 10 110 11 1 24 PE 2 Loopback 1 1 1 1 2 32 CE b2 Ethernet 1 2 10 110 6 2 24 Configuration procedure 1 Configure PE 1 Configure a Router ID enable IP multicast routing on the public network configure an MPLS LSR ID and enable the LDP capability PE1 system view PE1 router id 1 ...

Страница 256: ... 2 1 24 PE1 Ethernet1 3 pim sm PE1 Ethernet1 3 quit Configure an IP address for Loopback 1 and enable PIM SM PE1 interface loopback 1 PE1 LoopBack1 ip address 1 1 1 1 32 PE1 LoopBack1 pim sm PE1 LoopBack1 quit Configure BGP PE1 bgp 100 PE1 bgp group vpn g internal PE1 bgp peer vpn g connect interface loopback 1 PE1 bgp peer 1 1 1 2 group vpn g PE1 bgp peer 1 1 1 3 group vpn g PE1 bgp ipv4 family v...

Страница 257: ... 200 1 import extcommunity Enable IP multicast routing in VPN instance b configure a share group address associate an MTI with the VPN instance and define the switch group pool address range PE2 vpn instance b multicast routing enable PE2 vpn instance b multicast domain share group 239 2 2 2 binding mtunnel 1 PE2 vpn instance b multicast domain switch group pool 225 4 4 0 28 PE2 vpn instance b qui...

Страница 258: ... Ethernet1 3 ip binding vpn instance a PE2 Ethernet1 3 ip address 10 110 4 1 24 PE2 Ethernet1 3 pim sm PE2 Ethernet1 3 quit Configure an IP address for Loopback 1 and enable PIM SM PE2 interface loopback 1 PE2 LoopBack1 ip address 1 1 1 2 32 PE2 LoopBack1 pim sm PE2 LoopBack1 quit Configure BGP PE2 bgp 100 PE2 bgp group vpn g internal PE2 bgp peer vpn g connect interface loopback 1 PE2 bgp peer 1 ...

Страница 259: ...t route bgp PE2 rip 2 quit PE2 rip 3 vpn instance b PE2 rip 3 network 10 0 0 0 PE2 rip 3 import route bgp PE2 rip 3 return 3 Configure PE 3 Configure a Router ID enable IP multicast routing on the public network configure an MPLS LSR ID and enable the LDP capability PE3 system view PE3 router id 1 1 1 3 PE3 multicast routing enable PE3 mpls lsr id 1 1 1 3 PE3 mpls PE3 mpls quit PE3 mpls ldp PE3 mp...

Страница 260: ... Ethernet1 1 pim sm PE3 Ethernet1 1 mpls PE3 Ethernet1 1 mpls ldp PE3 Ethernet1 1 quit Bind Ethernet 1 2 with VPN instance a configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on the interface PE3 interface ethernet 1 2 PE3 Ethernet1 2 ip binding vpn instance a PE3 Ethernet1 2 ip address 10 110 5 1 24 PE3 Ethernet1 2 pim sm PE3 Ethernet1 2 quit Bind Ethernet 1 3 with VPN instance b configure an IP address ...

Страница 261: ...r BGP peer configuration on PE 3 This address is the loopback interface address specified in the BGP peer configuration The PIM mode running on MTI 0 is the same as the PIM mode running on all the interfaces in VPN instance a The interface MTI 1 will automatically obtain an IP address after BGP peer configuration on PE 3 This address is the loopback interface address specified in the BGP peer conf...

Страница 262: ...pability on the public network interface Ethernet 1 2 P interface ethernet 1 2 P Ethernet1 2 ip address 192 168 7 2 24 P Ethernet1 2 pim sm P Ethernet1 2 mpls P Ethernet1 2 mpls ldp P Ethernet1 2 quit Configure an IP address enable PIM SM and LDP capability on the public network interface Ethernet 1 3 P interface ethernet 1 3 P Ethernet1 3 ip address 192 168 8 2 24 P Ethernet1 3 pim sm P Ethernet1...

Страница 263: ...rip 2 network 10 0 0 0 6 Configure CE b1 Enable IP multicast routing CEb1 system view CEb1 multicast routing enable Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on Ethernet 1 1 CEb1 interface ethernet 1 1 CEb1 Ethernet1 1 ip address 10 110 8 1 24 CEb1 Ethernet1 1 pim sm CEb1 Ethernet1 1 quit Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on Ethernet 1 2 CEb1 interface ethernet 1 2 CEb1 Ethernet1 2 ip addr...

Страница 264: ... CEa2 pim c bsr loopback 1 CEa2 pim c rp loopback 1 CEa2 pim quit Configure RIP CEa2 rip 2 CEa2 rip 2 network 10 0 0 0 CEa2 rip 2 network 22 0 0 0 8 Configure CE a3 Enable IP multicast routing CEa3 system view CEa3 multicast routing enable Configure an IP address and enable IGMP and PIM SM on Ethernet 1 1 CEa3 interface ethernet 1 1 CEa3 Ethernet1 1 ip address 10 110 10 1 24 CEa3 Ethernet1 1 igmp ...

Страница 265: ...rmation for VPN Instance a Share group 239 1 1 1 MTunnel address 1 1 1 1 Display the local share group information of VPN instance a on PE 2 PE2 display multicast domain vpn instance a share group local MD local share group information for VPN Instance a Share group 239 1 1 1 MTunnel address 1 1 1 2 Display the local share group information of VPN instance b on PE 2 PE2 display multicast domain vp...

Страница 266: ...otocols and MPLS Configure OSPF separately in AS 100 and AS 200 and configure OSPF between the PEs and CEs Establish BGP peer connections between PE 1 PE 2 PE 3 and PE 4 on their respective Loopback 1 and exchange all VPN routes between them Configure MPLS separately in AS 100 and AS 200 IP multicast routing Enable IP multicast routing on the public network on PE 1 PE 2 PE 3 and PE 4 Enable IP mul...

Страница 267: ... 4 Ethernet 1 1 10 10 2 2 24 PE 2 Ethernet 1 2 192 168 1 1 24 PE 4 Ethernet 1 2 10 11 3 1 24 PE 2 Loopback 1 1 1 1 2 32 PE 4 Ethernet 1 3 10 11 4 1 32 PE 2 Loopback 2 11 11 11 11 32 PE 4 Loopback 2 1 1 1 4 32 CE a1 Ethernet 1 1 10 11 5 1 24 CE b1 Ethernet 1 1 10 11 6 1 24 CE a1 Ethernet 1 2 10 11 1 2 24 CE b1 Ethernet 1 2 10 11 2 2 24 CE a1 Loopback 0 2 2 2 2 32 CE b2 Ethernet 1 1 10 11 8 1 24 CE ...

Страница 268: ... VPN instance and define the switch group pool address range PE1 ip vpn instance b PE1 vpn instance b route distinguisher 200 1 PE1 vpn instance b vpn target 200 1 export extcommunity PE1 vpn instance b vpn target 200 1 import extcommunity PE1 vpn instance b multicast routing enable PE1 vpn instance b multicast domain share group 239 4 4 4 binding mtunnel 1 PE1 vpn instance b multicast domain swit...

Страница 269: ... PE1 bgp b import route ospf 3 PE1 bgp b import route direct PE1 bgp b quit PE1 bgp ipv4 family vpnv4 PE1 bgp af vpnv4 peer 1 1 1 4 enable PE1 bgp af vpnv4 quit PE1 bgp quit With BGP peers configured on PE 1 the interfaces MTI 0 and MTI 1 will automatically obtain IP addresses which are the loopback interface addresses specified in the BGP peer configuration The PIM mode running on MTI 0 is the sa...

Страница 270: ... PE2 Ethernet1 1 pim sm PE2 Ethernet1 1 mpls PE2 Ethernet1 1 mpls ldp PE2 Ethernet1 1 quit Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM and MPLS on the public network interface Ethernet 1 2 PE2 interface ethernet 1 2 PE2 Ethernet1 2 ip address 192 168 1 1 24 PE2 Ethernet1 2 pim sm PE2 Ethernet1 2 mpls PE2 Ethernet1 2 quit Configure an IP address for Loopback 1 and enable PIM SM PE2 interface loopback...

Страница 271: ...gp peer pe2 pe3 label route capability PE2 bgp peer pe2 pe3 connect interface loopback 1 PE2 bgp peer 1 1 1 3 group pe2 pe3 PE2 bgp quit Configure OSPF PE2 ospf 1 PE2 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 PE2 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 PE2 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 11 11 11 11 0 0 0 0 PE2 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 10 10 0 0 0 0 255 255 PE2 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 quit PE2 ospf 1 quit Configure a ro...

Страница 272: ...enable PIM SM PE3 interface loopback 1 PE3 LoopBack1 ip address 1 1 1 3 32 PE3 LoopBack1 pim sm PE3 LoopBack1 quit Configure an IP address for Loopback 2 and enable PIM SM PE3 interface loopback 2 PE3 LoopBack2 ip address 22 22 22 22 32 PE3 LoopBack2 pim sm PE3 LoopBack2 quit Configure Loopback 2 as a C BSR and a C RP for the public network instance PE3 pim PE3 pim c bsr loopback 2 PE3 pim c rp lo...

Страница 273: ...abel PE3 route policy quit PE3 route policy map2 permit node 10 PE3 route policy if match mpls label PE3 route policy apply mpls label PE3 route policy quit 4 Configure PE 4 Configure a Router ID enable IP multicast routing on the public network configure an MPLS LSR ID and enable the LDP capability PE4 system view PE4 router id 1 1 1 4 PE4 multicast routing enable PE4 mpls lsr id 1 1 1 4 PE4 mpls...

Страница 274: ...Ethernet 1 1 PE4 interface ethernet 1 1 PE4 Ethernet1 1 ip address 10 10 2 2 24 PE4 Ethernet1 1 pim sm PE4 Ethernet1 1 mpls PE4 Ethernet1 1 mpls ldp PE4 Ethernet1 1 quit Bind Ethernet 1 2 with VPN instance a configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on the interface PE4 interface ethernet 1 2 PE4 Ethernet1 2 ip binding vpn instance a PE4 Ethernet1 2 ip address 10 11 3 1 24 PE4 Ethernet1 2 pim sm P...

Страница 275: ...faces in VPN instance a and the PIM mode running on MTI 1 is the same as on the interfaces in VPN instance b Configure OSPF PE4 ospf 1 PE4 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 PE4 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 1 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 PE4 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 10 10 0 0 0 0 255 255 PE4 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 quit PE4 ospf 1 quit PE4 ospf 2 vpn instance a PE4 ospf 2 import route bgp PE4 ospf 2 area 0 0 0 0 PE4 ospf 2 area ...

Страница 276: ... 1 area 0 0 0 0 network 10 11 0 0 0 0 255 255 CEa1 ospf 1 area 0 0 0 0 quit CEa1 ospf 1 quit 6 Configure CE b1 Enable IP multicast routing CEb1 system view CEb1 multicast routing enable Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on Ethernet 1 1 CEb1 interface ethernet 1 1 CEb1 Ethernet1 1 ip address 10 11 6 1 24 CEb1 Ethernet1 1 pim sm CEb1 Ethernet1 1 quit Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM...

Страница 277: ...w CEb2 multicast routing enable Configure an IP address and enable IGMP and PIM SM on Ethernet 1 1 CEb2 interface ethernet 1 1 CEb2 Ethernet1 1 ip address 10 11 8 1 24 CEb2 Ethernet1 1 igmp enable CEb2 Ethernet1 1 pim sm CEb2 Ethernet1 1 quit Configure an IP address and enable PIM SM on Ethernet 1 2 CEb2 interface ethernet 1 2 CEb2 Ethernet1 2 ip address 10 11 4 2 24 CEb2 Ethernet1 2 pim sm CEb2 E...

Страница 278: ...hare group 239 4 4 4 MTunnel address 1 1 1 4 Troubleshooting MD VPN This section describes common MD VPN problems and how to troubleshoot them A share MDT cannot be established Symptom A share MDT cannot be established PIM adjacencies cannot be established between the same VPN instance s interfaces on different PE devices Analysis On different PE devices the same share group must be configured for...

Страница 279: ...An MVRF cannot be created Symptom A VPN instance cannot create an MVRF correctly Analysis If PIM SM is running in the VPN instance the BSR information for the VPN instance is required Otherwise the VPN instance s MVRF cannot be correctly established If PIM SM is running in the VPN instance the RP information for the VPN instance is required If a unicast route to the RP is not available this means ...

Страница 280: ...and SSM models see Multicast overview How MLDv1 works MLDv1 implements IPv6 multicast listener management based on the query response mechanism MLD querier election All IPv6 multicast routers on the same subnet can monitor MLD listener report messages often called reports from hosts The subnet needs only one router to act as the MLD querier to send MLD query messages often called queries A querier...

Страница 281: ...s on the same subnet as Host B suppresses its own report for G1 because the MLD routers Router A and Router B have already known that at least one host on the local subnet is interested in G1 This mechanism known as the MLD report suppression helps reduce traffic on the local subnet 4 At the same time because Host A is interested in G2 it sends a report to the IPv6 multicast group address of G2 5 ...

Страница 282: ...v6 multicast group filtering MLDv2 has introduced IPv6 multicast source filtering modes Include and Exclude so that a host not only can join a designated IPv6 multicast group but also can specify to receive or reject multicast data from designated IPv6 multicast sources When a host joins an IPv6 multicast group one of the following situation occurs If it expects IPv6 multicast data from specific I...

Страница 283: ...ude or Exclude state List of sources The router keeps tracing the newly added or deleted IPv6 multicast source Timers Filter timers which includes the time that the router waits before switching to the Include mode after an IPv6 multicast address times out and the source timers for source recording Receiver host state listening By listening to the state of receiver hosts a multicast router running...

Страница 284: ...ulticast Address This field is set to 0 in a general query message It is set to a specific IPv6 multicast address in a multicast address specific query message or multicast address and source specific query message S Flag indicating whether a router updates the timer for suppression after receiving a query message QRV Querier s Robustness Variable QQIC Querier s Query Interval Code Multicast Addre...

Страница 285: ...at Figure 76 MLDv2 report message format Table 23 MLDv2 report message field description Field Description Type 143 Message type For a report message this field is set to 143 Reserved The Reserved fields are set to 0 on transmission and ignored on reception Checksum Standard IPv6 checksum Number of Multicast Address Records This field indicates how many IPv6 multicast address records are present i...

Страница 286: ... Host C runs MLDv2 To provide SSM service for Host A and Host B you must configure the MLD SSM mapping feature on Router A With the MLD SSM mapping feature configured when Router A receives an MLDv1 report it examines the IPv6 multicast group address G carried in the message If G is not in the IPv6 SSM group range Router A cannot provide the SSM service but can provide the ASM service If G is in t...

Страница 287: ... and not in the direction toward the root of the multicast forwarding tree A downstream interface acts as a router that is running MLD and it is also called a router interface An MLD proxy device maintains a group membership database which stores the group memberships on all the downstream interfaces in this database Each entry comprises the multicast address filter mode and source list Such an en...

Страница 288: ...r Alert option handling methods Optional Configuring MLD query and response parameters Optional Enabling MLD fast leave processing Optional Enabling the MLD host tracking function Optional Configuring MLD SSM mapping Enabling MLD SSM mapping Optional Configuring MLD SSM mapping entries Optional Configuring MLD proxying Enabling MLD proxying Optional Configuring IPv6 multicast forwarding on a downs...

Страница 289: ...nd Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter MLD view mld N A 3 Configure an MLD version globally version version number MLDv1 by default Configuring an MLD version on an interface Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface number N A 3 Configure an MLD version on the interface mld version version number MLDv1 by def...

Страница 290: ...oup ipv6 group address source ipv6 source address By default an interface is not a static member of any IPv6 multicast group or IPv6 multicast source and group Configuring an IPv6 multicast group filter To restrict the hosts on the network attached to an interface from joining certain IPv6 multicast groups you can set an IPv6 ACL rule on the interface so that the interface maintains only the IPv6 ...

Страница 291: ...y count Determine the MLD query interval Determine the MLD querier s robustness variable Determine the maximum response delay of MLD general query messages Determine the MLD last listener query interval Determine the MLD other querier present interval Configuring Router Alert option handling methods MLD queries include multicast address specific queries and multicast address and source specific qu...

Страница 292: ...on Configuring MLD query and response parameters On startup the MLD querier sends MLD general queries at the startup query interval which is one quarter of the MLD query interval The number of queries or the startup query count is user configurable After startup the MLD querier periodically sends MLD general queries at the MLD query interval to check for IPv6 multicast group members on the network...

Страница 293: ...mum response delay for MLD general queries Configuring MLD query and response parameters globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter MLD view mld N A 3 Configure the MLD querier s robustness variable robust count robust value 2 by default A higher robustness variable makes the MLD querier more robust but results in a longer IPv6 multicast group timeout time 4 Configur...

Страница 294: ...ry interval mld last listener query interval interval 1 second by default 9 Configure the MLD other querier present interval mld timer other querier present interval By default the other querier present interval is determined by the formula Other querier present interval in seconds MLD query interval MLD querier s robustness variable maximum response delay for MLD general query 2 Enabling MLD fast...

Страница 295: ...e the member hosts according to the recorded information Enabling the MLD host tracking function globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter MLD view mld N A 3 Enable the MLD host tracking function globally host tracking Disabled by default Enabling the MLD host tracking function on an interface Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interfac...

Страница 296: ...supports both MLD snooping and MLD if you enable MLDv2 on a VLAN interface configure a port in the VLAN as a simulated host the simulated host will send MLDv2 reports even if you did not specify an IPv6 multicast source in the mld snooping host join command In this case the corresponding IPv6 multicast group will not be created based on the configured MLD SSM mapping To configure an MLD SSM mappin...

Страница 297: ... interface type interface number N A 3 Enable the MLD proxying feature mld proxying enable Disabled by default Configuring IPv6 multicast forwarding on a downstream interface Typically to avoid duplicate multicast flows only queriers can forward IPv6 multicast traffic On MLD proxy devices a downstream interfaces must become a querier in order to forward IPv6 multicast traffic to downstream hosts I...

Страница 298: ...e regular expression Available in any view Display the information of the MLD proxying groups display mld proxying group group address verbose begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display the information of the MLD routing table display mld routing table ipv6 source address prefix length ipv6 group address prefix length flags act suc begin exclude include regular expressi...

Страница 299: ...configuration examples This section provides examples of configuring MLD on routers Basic MLD functions configuration example Network requirements As shown in Figure 79 the receivers receive VOD information in the multicast mode The receivers of different organizations form stub networks N1 and N2 Host A and Host C are multicast receivers in N1 and N2 respectively MLDv1 runs between Router A and N...

Страница 300: ...D on the host side interface Ethernet 1 1 RouterA system view RouterA multicast ipv6 routing enable RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface pos 5 0 RouterA Pos5 0 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Pos5 0 quit Enable IPv6 multicast routing on Router B enable IPv6 PIM DM on each interface and enable MLD on the host si...

Страница 301: ... RouterB display mld interface ethernet 1 1 Ethernet1 1 FE80 200 5EFF FE66 5100 MLD is enabled Current MLD version is 1 Value of query interval for MLD in seconds 125 Value of other querier present interval for MLD in seconds 255 Value of maximum query response time for MLD in seconds 10 Querier for MLD FE80 200 5EFF FE66 5100 this router Total 1 MLD Group reported MLD SSM mapping configuration ex...

Страница 302: ...e IPv6 forwarding and assign IPv6 addresses and configure IPv6 unicast routing a Enable IPv6 forwarding on each router and assign an IPv6 address and prefix length to each interface according to Figure 80 Details not shown b Configure OSPFv3 on the routers to make sure they are interoperable at the network layer and they can dynamically update their routing information Details not shown 2 Enable I...

Страница 303: ...Router A 3 Configure C BSR and C RP interfaces on Router D RouterD pim ipv6 RouterD pim6 c bsr 1003 2 RouterD pim6 c rp 1003 2 RouterD pim6 quit 4 Configure the IPv6 SSM group range Configure the IPv6 SSM group range FF3E 64 on Router D RouterD acl ipv6 number 2000 RouterD acl6 basic 2000 rule permit source ff3e 64 RouterD acl6 basic 2000 quit RouterD pim ipv6 RouterD pim6 ssm policy 2000 RouterD ...

Страница 304: ...hbor 1003 1 RPF prime neighbor 1003 1 Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Ethernet1 1 Protocol mld UpTime 00 13 25 Expires 3001 1 FF3E 101 Protocol pim ssm Flag UpTime 00 13 25 Upstream interface Ethernet1 2 Upstream neighbor 3002 1 RPF prime neighbor 3002 1 Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Ethernet1 1 Protocol mld UpTime 00 13 25 Ex...

Страница 305: ...face ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit Enable IPv6 multicast routing on Router B MLD proxying on Ethernet 1 1 and MLD on Ethernet 1 2 RouterB system view RouterB multicast ipv6 routing enable RouterB interface ethernet 1 1 RouterB Ethernet1 1 mld proxying enable RouterB Ethernet1 1 quit RouterB interface ethernet 1 2 RouterB Ethern...

Страница 306: ...interface connecting to the host If the MLD version on the router interface is lower than that on the host the router will not be able to recognize the MLD report from the host If the mld group policy command has been configured on an interface the interface cannot receive report messages that fail to pass filtering Solution 1 Use the display mld interface command to verify that the networking int...

Страница 307: ...s for routers on the same subnet will surely result in inconsistent MLD memberships Two MLD versions are available Although routers running different MLD versions are compatible with hosts all routers on the same subnet must run the same MLD version Inconsistent MLD versions running on routers on the same subnet will also lead to inconsistent MLD memberships Solution 1 Use the display current conf...

Страница 308: ...his document a network comprising IPv6 PIM routers is referred to as an IPv6 PIM domain IPv6 PIM DM overview IPv6 PIM DM is a type of dense mode IPv6 multicast protocol It uses the push mode for IPv6 multicast forwarding and is suitable for small sized networks with densely distributed IPv6 multicast members The following describes the basic implementation of IPv6 PIM DM IPv6 PIM DM assumes that a...

Страница 309: ...main 2 Nodes without downstream receivers are pruned A router that has no downstream receivers sends a prune message to the upstream node The message notifies the upstream node to delete the corresponding interface from the outgoing interface list in the S G entry and to stop forwarding subsequent packets addressed to that IPv6 multicast group down to this node NOTE An S G entry contains the multi...

Страница 310: ... If the node that sent a graft message does not receive a graft ack message from its upstream node it keeps sending graft messages at a configurable interval until it receives an acknowledgment from its upstream node Assert On a shared media network with more than one multicast router the assert mechanism shuts off duplicate IPv6 multicast flows to the network It does this by electing a unique IPv...

Страница 311: ... IPv6 PIM SM mode routers must specifically request a particular IPv6 multicast stream before the data is forwarded to them The core task for IPv6 PIM SM to implement IPv6 multicast forwarding will build and maintain RPTs An RPT is rooted at a router in the IPv6 PIM domain as the common node or RP through which the IPv6 multicast data travels along the RPT and reaches the receivers When a receiver...

Страница 312: ...ver side DR before receivers attached to this device can join IPv6 multicast groups through this DR For more information about MLD see Configuring MLD Figure 84 DR election As shown in Figure 84 the DR election process is as follows 1 Routers on the shared media network send hello messages to one another The hello messages contain the router priority for DR election The router with the highest DR ...

Страница 313: ...s its advertisement messages C RP Adv messages to the BSR A C RP Adv message contains the address of the advertising C RP and the IPv6 multicast group range it serves The BSR collects these advertisement messages and chooses the appropriate C RP information for each multicast group to form an RP set which is a database of mappings between IPv6 multicast groups and RPs The BSR then encapsulates the...

Страница 314: ...dress so that the IPv6 multicast group is mapped to an RP This RP can take the place of the statically configured RP or the RP dynamically calculated based on the BSR mechanism The DR does not need to learn the RP address beforehand The specific process is as follows At the receiver side a A receiver host initiates an MLD report to announce that it is joining an IPv6 multicast group b After receiv...

Страница 315: ...ted DR sends a prune message which goes hop by hop along the RPT to the RP After receiving the prune message the upstream node deletes the interface connected with this downstream node from the outgoing interface list and examines whether it has receivers for that IPv6 multicast group If not the router continues to forward the prune message to its upstream router Multicast source registration The ...

Страница 316: ...encapsulation and de encapsulation of IPv6 multicast packets IPv6 multicast packets are delivered along a path that might not be the shortest one An increase in IPv6 multicast traffic heavily burdens the RP increasing the risk of failure To solve these issues IPv6 PIM SM allows an RP or the receiver side DR to initiate an SPT switchover process when the traffic rate exceeds the threshold The RP in...

Страница 317: ...ense receivers The operating mechanism of IPv6 BIDIR PIM is summarized as follows Neighbor discovery RP discovery DF election Bidirectional RPT building Neighbor discovery IPv6 BIDIR PIM uses the same neighbor discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM SM does For more information see Neighbor discovery RP discovery IPv6 BIDIR PIM uses the same RP discovery mechanism as IPv6 PIM SM does For more information ...

Страница 318: ...oute MBGP route or multicast static route to the RP 2 The router with a route of the highest priority becomes the DF 3 In the case of a tie the router with the route of the lowest metric wins the DF election 4 In the case of a tie in the metric the router with the highest link local IPv6 address wins Bidirectional RPT building A bidirectional RPT comprises a receiver side RPT and a source side RPT...

Страница 319: ...directly connected router to the RP form an RPT branch and each router on this branch adds a G entry to its forwarding table The means any IPv6 multicast source When a receiver is no longer interested in the multicast data addressed to IPv6 multicast group G the directly connected router sends a prune message which goes hop by hop along the reverse direction of the RPT to the RP After receiving th...

Страница 320: ...ministrative scoping overview Typically an IPv6 PIM SM domain or IPv6 BIDIR PIM domain contains only one BSR which is responsible for advertising RP set information within the entire IPv6 PIM SM IPv6 BIDIR PIM domain The information for all multicast groups is forwarded within the network scope administered by the BSR This is called the IPv6 non scoped BSR mechanism To implement refined management...

Страница 321: ...standing of the IPv6 global scoped zone and IPv6 admin scoped zones based on geographical locations and the scope field values In view of geographical locations An IPv6 admin scoped zone is a logical zone for particular IPv6 multicast groups with the same scope field value The IPv6 multicast packets for such IPv6 multicast groups are confined within the local IPv6 admin scoped zone and cannot cros...

Страница 322: ...coped zone IPv6 PIM SSM overview The SSM model and the ASM model are opposites The ASM model includes the IPv6 PIM DM and IPv6 PIM SM modes The SSM model can be implemented by leveraging part of the IPv6 PIM SM technique and it is also called IPv6 PIM SSM The SSM model provides a solution for source specific multicast It maintains the relationship between hosts and routers through MLDv2 In actual ...

Страница 323: ...e IPv6 multicast group G The DR that has received the report first determines whether the IPv6 group address in this message falls in the IPv6 SSM group range and then does the following If the IPv6 group address in the message does fall into the IPv6 SSM group range the IPv6 PIM SSM model is built The DR sends a channel subscription message hop by hop toward the IPv6 multicast source S An S G ent...

Страница 324: ...ication Revised RFC 3956 Embedding the Rendezvous Point RP Address in an IPv6 Multicast Address RFC 5015 Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast BIDIR PIM RFC 5059 Bootstrap Router BSR Mechanism for Protocol Independent Multicast PIM RFC 4607 Source Specific Multicast for IP draft ietf ssm overview 05 An Overview of Source Specific Multicast SSM Configuring IPv6 PIM DM This section describes ...

Страница 325: ...IPv6 PIM DM on all non border interfaces of routers IPv6 PIM DM does not work with IPv6 multicast groups in the IPv6 SSM group range IMPORTANT All the interfaces on a device must be enabled with the same IPv6 PIM mode To enable IPv6 PIM DM Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enable IPv6 multicast routing multicast ipv6 routing enable Disabled by default 3 Enter interface vie...

Страница 326: ...ate refresh message might cycle in the network To control the propagation scope of state refresh messages you must configure an appropriate hop limit value based on the network size Perform the following configurations on all routers in the IPv6 PIM domain To configure state refresh parameters Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Configure t...

Страница 327: ...iguring a BSR Configuring a C BSR Required Configuring an IPv6 PIM domain border Optional Configuring C BSR parameters globally Optional Configuring C BSR timers Optional Disabling BSM semantic fragmentation Optional Configuring IPv6 administrative scoping Enabling IPv6 administrative scoping Optional Configuring an IPv6 admin scoped zone boundary Optional Configuring C BSRs for IPv6 admin scoped ...

Страница 328: ...cing rule for initiating an SPT switchover Determine the interval for checking the IPv6 multicast traffic rate threshold before initiating an SPT switchover Enabling IPv6 PIM SM With IPv6 PIM SM enabled a router sends hello messages periodically to discover IPv6 PIM neighbors and processes messages from the IPv6 PIM neighbors When you deploy an IPv6 PIM SM domain enable IPv6 PIM SM on all non bord...

Страница 329: ...ormation by receiving the C RP Adv messages from C RPs or auto RP announcements from other routers and organizes the information into an RP set which is flooded throughout the entire network Then the other routers in the network calculate the mappings between specific group ranges and the corresponding RPs based on the RP Set HP recommends that you configure C RPs on backbone routers To guard agai...

Страница 330: ...mation within the IPv6 PIM SM domain C RPs must periodically send C RP Adv messages to the BSR The BSR learns the RP set information from the received messages and encapsulates its own IPv6 address together with the RP set information in its bootstrap messages The BSR then floods the bootstrap messages to all IPv6 routers in the network Each C RP encapsulates a timeout value in its C RP Adv messag...

Страница 331: ... can forge bootstrap messages to fool routers and change RP mappings Such attacks often occur on border routers Because a BSR is inside the network whereas hosts are outside the network you can protect a BSR against attacks from external hosts by enabling the border routers to perform neighbor checks and RPF checks on bootstrap messages and to discard unwanted messages If an attacker controls a ro...

Страница 332: ...s to the BSR The BSR summarizes the advertisement messages to form an RP set and advertises it to all routers in the IPv6 PIM SM domain All the routers use the same hash algorithm to get the RP address that corresponds to specific IPv6 multicast groups Perform the following configuration on C BSR routers To configure C BSR parameters globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N ...

Страница 333: ...t of such IP fragmentation loss of a single IP fragment leads to unavailability of the entire message Semantic fragmentation of BSMs can solve this issue When a BSM exceeds the MTU it is split to multiple BSMFs After receiving a BSMF that contains the RP set information of one group range a non BSR router updates corresponding RP set information directly If the RP set information of one group rang...

Страница 334: ...ng Perform the following configuration on all routers in the IPv6 PIM SM domain To enable IPv6 administrative scoping Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Enable IPv6 administrative scoping c bsr admin scope Disabled by default Configuring an IPv6 admin scoped zone boundary ZBRs form the boundary of each IPv6 admin scoped zone Each admin sco...

Страница 335: ...stration Within an IPv6 PIM SM domain the source side DR sends register messages to the RP and these register messages have different IPv6 multicast source or IPv6 multicast group addresses You can configure a filtering rule to filter register messages so that the RP can serve specific IPv6 multicast groups If the filtering rule denies an S G entry or if the filtering rule does not define an actio...

Страница 336: ...on time register suppression timeout interval Optional 60 seconds by default 6 Configure the register probe time probe interval interval Optional 5 seconds by default Configuring switchover to SPT Both the receiver side DR and the RP can periodically check the traffic rate of passing by IPv6 multicast packets this function is not available with switches and thus trigger a switchover from RPT to SP...

Страница 337: ...onfiguring C BSRs for each admin scoped zone Optional Configuring common IPv6 PIM features Optional Configuration prerequisites Before you configure IPv6 BIDIR PIM complete the following tasks Enable IPv6 forwarding and configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain can communicate with each other at Layer 3 Determine the IPv6 address of a static RP and the IPv6 ACL t...

Страница 338: ...nable IPv6 BIDIR PIM Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Enable IPv6 BIDIR PIM bidir pim enable Disabled by default Configuring an RP An RP can be manually configured or dynamically elected through the BSR mechanism For a large IPv6 PIM network static RP configuration is a tedious job Generally static RP configuration is just a backup means...

Страница 339: ...you configure C RPs on backbone routers To guard against C RP spoofing configure a legal C RP address range and the range of multicast groups to be served on the BSR In addition because every C BSR has a chance to become the BSR you must configure the same filtering policy on all C BSRs in the IPv6 BIDIR PIM domain When configuring a C RP ensure a relatively large bandwidth between this C RP and t...

Страница 340: ...ut the BSR assumes the C RP to have expired or become unreachable For more information about the configuration of other timers in IPv6 PIM SM see Configuring common IPv6 PIM timers Configure the C RP timers on C RP routers To configure C RP timers globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Configure the C RP Adv interval c rp advertisemen...

Страница 341: ... router automatically floods the network with bootstrap messages Because a bootstrap message has a hop limit value of 1 the whole network will not be affected as long as the neighbor router discards these bootstrap messages Therefore with a legal BSR address range configured on all routers in the entire network all these routers will discard bootstrap messages from out of the legal address range T...

Страница 342: ... parameters globally6 Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Configure the hash mask length c bsr hash length hash length Optional 126 by default 4 Configure the C BSR priority c bsr priority priority Optional 64 by default Configuring C BSR timers The BSR election winner multicasts its own IPv6 address and RP Set information through bootstrap...

Страница 343: ...leads to unavailability of the entire message Semantic fragmentation of BSMs can solve this issue When a BSM exceeds the MTU it is split to multiple BSMFs After receiving a BSMF that contains the RP set information of one group range a non BSR router updates corresponding RP set information directly If the RP set information of one group range is carried in multiple BSMFs a non BSR router updates ...

Страница 344: ...stem view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Enable IPv6 administrative scoping c bsr admin scope Disabled by default Configuring an IPv6 admin scoped zone boundary The boundary of each IPv6 admin scoped zone is formed by ZBRs Each admin scoped zone maintains a BSR which serves a specific IPv6 multicast group range IPv6 multicast packets such as assert messages and bootstrap messages that be...

Страница 345: ...ure as C BSRs in admin scoped zones To configure a C BSR for an admin scoped zone Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Configure a C BSR for an admin scoped zone c bsr scope scope id admin local global organization local site local hash length hash length priority priority No C BSRs are configured for an admin scoped zone by default Configur...

Страница 346: ...he group address in the S G packet that the receivers request falls into the IPv6 SSM group range All IPv6 PIM SM enabled interfaces assume the IPv6 PIM SSM model for IPv6 multicast groups within this address range Configuration guidelines Perform the following configuration on all routers in the IPv6 PIM SSM domain Make sure the same IPv6 SSM group range is configured on all routers in the entire...

Страница 347: ... ACL rule for filtering IPv6 multicast data Determine the IPv6 ACL rule defining a legal source address range for hello messages Determine the priority for DR election global value interface level value Determine the IPv6 PIM neighbor timeout timer global value interface value Determine the prune message delay global value interface level value Determine the prune override interval global value in...

Страница 348: ...nship is a prerequisite for secure application of IPv6 PIM To guard against IPv6 PIM message attacks you can configure a legal source address range for hello messages on interfaces of routers to ensure the correct IPv6 PIM neighboring relationship To configure a hello message filter Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter interface view interface interface type interface n...

Страница 349: ...rack the states of the downstream nodes that have sent the join message and the joined state holdtime timer has not expired If you want to enable the neighbor tracking function you must enable it on all IPv6 PIM routers on a shared media LAN Otherwise the upstream router cannot track join messages from every downstream routers Generation ID A router generates a generation ID for hello messages whe...

Страница 350: ...am router in a shared media network can make the upstream router not perform the prune action immediately after receiving the prune message from its downstream router Instead the upstream router maintains the current forwarding state for a period of time that the prune delay timer defines In this period if the upstream router receives a join message from the downstream router it cancels the prune ...

Страница 351: ... system view N A 2 Enter IPv6 PIM view pim ipv6 N A 3 Configure the hello interval timer hello interval Optional 30 seconds by default 4 Configure the join prune interval timer join prune interval Optional 60 seconds by default 5 Configure the join prune timeout timer holdtime join prune interval Optional 210 seconds by default 6 Configure assert timeout timer holdtime assert interval Optional 180...

Страница 352: ...figuring IPv6 PIM to work with BFD IPv6 PIM uses hello messages to elect a DR for a shared media network The elected DR will be the only multicast forwarder on the shared media network If the DR fails a new DR election process will start after the DR is aged out However it might take a long period of time To start a new DR election process immediately after the original DR fails you can enable IPv...

Страница 353: ...ace or all interfaces display pim ipv6 interface interface type interface number verbose begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display information about join prune messages to send display pim ipv6 join prune mode sm flags flag value ssm interface interface type interface number neighbor ipv6 neighbor address verbose begin exclude include regular expression Available in an...

Страница 354: ...PIM domain operates in the dense mode Host A and Host C are IPv6 multicast receivers in two stub networks N1 and N2 MLDv1 runs between Router A and N1 and between Router B Router C and N2 Figure 95 Network diagram Table 27 shows the interface and IPv6 address assignment and network topology scheme Table 27 Interface and IPv6 address assignment Device Interface IPv6 address Router A Ethernet 1 1 10...

Страница 355: ...ce ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface serial 2 0 RouterA Serial2 0 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Serial2 0 quit Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enable IPv6 PIM DM and MLD on Router B and Router C in the same way Details not shown On Router D enable IPv6 multicast routing and enable IPv6 PIM DM on each interface RouterD sys...

Страница 356: ...SPT path Router A and Router D have their S G entries Host A sends an MLD report to Router A to join IPv6 multicast group G and a G entry is generated on Router A To display the IPv6 PIM routing information on a router use the display pim ipv6 routing table command For example Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Router A RouterA display pim ipv6 routing table Total 1 G entry 1 ...

Страница 357: ...requirements The receivers receive VOD information through multicast The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network The entire IPv6 PIM domain operates in the sparse mode Host A and Host C are IPv6 multicast receivers in two stub networks N1 and N2 Both POS 5 0 on Router D and POS 5 2 on Router E act as C BSRs and C RPs T...

Страница 358: ...1 64 Router A Serial 2 0 1002 1 64 Router A POS 5 0 1003 1 64 Router B Ethernet 1 1 2001 1 64 Router B POS 5 0 2002 1 64 Router C Ethernet 1 1 2001 2 64 Router C POS 5 0 3001 1 64 Router D Ethernet 1 1 4001 1 64 Router D Serial 2 0 1002 2 64 Router D POS 5 0 4002 1 64 Router E POS 5 0 3001 2 64 Router E POS 5 1 2002 2 64 Router E POS 5 2 1003 2 64 Router E POS 5 3 4002 2 64 Ethernet Ethernet Ether...

Страница 359: ...icast routing and enable IPv6 PIM SM and MLD on Router B and Router C in the same way Details not shown Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enable IPv6 PIM SM on Router D and and Router E in the same way Details not shown 4 Configure C BSRs and C RPs On Router D configure the service scope of RP advertisements specify a C BSR and a C RP and set the hash mask length to 128 and the priority of the C B...

Страница 360: ...time 00 04 22 Expires 00 01 46 Display information about the BSR and locally configured C RP on Router D RouterD display pim ipv6 bsr info Elected BSR Address 1003 2 Priority 20 Hash mask length 128 State Elected Uptime 00 05 26 Expires 00 01 45 Candidate BSR Address 4002 1 Priority 10 Hash mask length 128 State Candidate Candidate RP 4002 1 Pos5 0 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Advertisement Interval ...

Страница 361: ... multicast source S 4001 100 64 registers with the RP an SPT will be built between Router D and Router E After receiving IPv6 multicast data Router A immediately switches from the RPT to the SPT The routers on the RPT path Router A and Router E have a G entry and the routers on the SPT path Router A and Router D have an S G entry You can use the display pim ipv6 routing table command to display th...

Страница 362: ...umber of downstreams 1 1 Pos5 0 Protocol mld UpTime 00 14 44 Expires 00 02 26 Display IPv6 PIM routing table information on Router E RouterE display pim ipv6 routing table Total 1 G entry 0 S G entry FF0E 100 RP 1003 2 local Protocol pim sm Flag WC UpTime 00 16 56 Upstream interface Register Upstream neighbor 4002 1 RPF prime neighbor 4002 1 Downstream interface s information Total number of downs...

Страница 363: ...tween Router A Router E Router I and their respective receivers Figure 97 Network diagram Table 29 shows the interface and IPv6 address assignment and network topology scheme Table 29 Interface and IPv6 address assignment Device Interface IPv6 address Device Interface IPv6 address Router A Eth1 1 1001 1 64 Router D S2 1 3002 2 64 Router A S2 1 1002 1 64 Router D S2 2 6001 1 64 Router B Eth1 1 2001...

Страница 364: ...outing and IPv6 administrative scoping on Router A enable IPv6 PIM SM on each interface and enable MLD on the host side interface Ethernet 1 1 RouterA system view RouterA multicast ipv6 routing enable RouterA pim ipv6 RouterA pim6 c bsr admin scope RouterA pim6 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 1 RouterA Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 sm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interf...

Страница 365: ...rface pos 5 1 RouterC Pos5 1 multicast ipv6 boundary scope 4 RouterC Pos5 1 quit RouterC interface pos 5 2 RouterC Pos5 2 multicast ipv6 boundary scope 4 RouterC Pos5 2 quit On Router D configure POS 5 1 as the boundary of admin scoped zone 2 RouterD system view RouterD interface pos 5 1 RouterD Pos5 1 multicast ipv6 boundary scope 4 RouterD Pos5 1 quit 5 Configure C BSRs and C RPs On Router B con...

Страница 366: ...4 Hash mask length 126 State Elected Scope 4 Uptime 00 04 54 Next BSR message scheduled at 00 00 06 Candidate BSR Address 1002 2 Priority 64 Hash mask length 126 State Elected Scope 4 Candidate RP 1002 2 Serial2 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Advertisement Interval 60 Next advertisement scheduled at 00 00 15 Display information about the BSR and locally configured C RP on Router D RouterD display pim...

Страница 367: ...001 1 Priority 64 Hash mask length 126 State Elected Scope 14 Uptime 00 01 11 Next BSR message scheduled at 00 00 49 Candidate BSR Address 8001 1 Priority 64 Hash mask length 126 State Elected Scope 14 Candidate RP 8001 1 Serial2 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Advertisement Interval 60 Next advertisement scheduled at 00 00 55 Display RP information on Router B RouterB display pim ipv6 rp info PIM SM ...

Страница 368: ...h FF4E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF5E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF6E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF7E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF8E 1...

Страница 369: ...ix prefix length FFBE 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFCE 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFDE 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFEE 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefi...

Страница 370: ...00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF24 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF34 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF44 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF54 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51...

Страница 371: ...39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF94 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFA4 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFB4 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFC4 16 RP 1002 2 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expir...

Страница 372: ... 51 Display RP information on Router F RouterF display pim rp info PIM SM BSR RP information prefix prefix length FF0E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF1E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF2E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix...

Страница 373: ...h FF6E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF7E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF8E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FF9E 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFAE 1...

Страница 374: ...e 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 prefix prefix length FFFE 16 RP 8001 1 Priority 192 HoldTime 130 Uptime 00 03 39 Expires 00 01 51 IPv6 BIDIR PIM configuration example Network requirements In the IPv6 BIDIR PIM domain shown in Figure 98 Source 1 and Source 2 send different IPv6 multicast information to IPv6 multicast group FF14 101 Host A and Host B receive IPv6 multicast information from th...

Страница 375: ... D Ethernet 1 2 5001 1 64 Router D Serial 2 1 3001 2 64 Source 1 1001 2 64 Source 2 5001 2 64 Receiver 1 2001 2 64 Receiver 2 4001 2 64 Configuration procedure 1 Enable IPv6 forwarding on each router and configure the IPv6 address and prefix length for each interface according to Figure 98 Details not shown 2 Configure OSPFv3 on the routers in the IPv6 BIDIR PIM domain to ensure network layer reac...

Страница 376: ... pim ipv6 sm RouterB Ethernet1 1 quit RouterB interface serial 2 1 RouterB Serial2 1 pim ipv6 sm RouterB Serial2 1 quit RouterB interface serial 2 2 RouterB Serial2 2 pim ipv6 sm RouterB Serial2 2 quit RouterB pim ipv6 RouterB pim6 bidir pim enable RouterB pim6 quit On Router C enable IPv6 multicast routing enable IPv6 PIM SM on each interface and enable IPv6 BIDIR PIM RouterC system view RouterC ...

Страница 377: ...n Display the DF information of IPv6 BIDIR PIM on Router A RouterA display pim ipv6 df info RP Address 6001 1 Eth1 1 Win 100 2 01 08 50 FE80 200 5EFF FE71 2800 local Ser2 1 Lose 100 1 01 07 49 FE80 20F E2FF FE38 4E01 Display the DF information of IPv6 BIDIR PIM on Router B RouterB display pim ipv6 df info RP Address 6001 1 Interface State DF Pref DF Metric DF Uptime DF Address Eth1 1 Win 100 1 01 ...

Страница 378: ...lay multicast ipv6 forwarding table df info Multicast DF information Total 1 RP Total 1 RP matched 00001 RP Address 6001 1 MID 0 Flags 0x2100000 0 Uptime 00 08 32 RPF interface Serial2 1 List of 1 DF interfaces 1 Ethernet1 1 Display the DF information of the IPv6 multicast forwarding table on Router B RouterB display multicast ipv6 forwarding table df info Multicast DF information Total 1 RP Total...

Страница 379: ...ime 00 05 12 RPF interface Serial2 1 List of 2 DF interfaces 1 Ethernet1 1 2 Ethernet1 2 IPv6 PIM SSM configuration example Network requirements The receivers receive VOD information through multicast The receiver groups of different organizations form stub networks and one or more receiver hosts exist in each stub network The entire IPv6 PIM domain operates in the SSM mode Host A and Host C are I...

Страница 380: ...1 64 Router A Serial 2 0 1002 1 64 Router A POS 5 0 1003 1 64 Router B Ethernet 1 1 2001 1 64 Router B POS 5 0 2002 1 64 Router C Ethernet 1 1 2001 2 64 Router C POS 5 0 3001 1 64 Router D Ethernet 1 1 4001 1 64 Router D Serial 2 0 1002 2 64 Router D POS 5 0 4002 1 64 Router E POS 5 0 3001 2 64 Router E POS 5 1 2002 2 64 Router E POS 5 2 1003 2 64 Router E POS 5 3 4002 2 64 Ethernet Ethernet Ether...

Страница 381: ...erA interface pos 5 0 RouterA Pos5 0 pim ipv6 sm RouterA Pos5 0 quit Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enable IPv6 PIM SM and MLD on Router B and Router C in the same way Details not shown Enable IPv6 multicast routing and enable IPv6 PIM SM on Router D and Router E in the same way Details not shown 4 Configure the IPv6 SSM group range Configure the IPv6 SSM group range to be FF3E 64 on Router A R...

Страница 382: ...l mld UpTime 00 00 11 Expires 00 03 25 Display IPv6 PIM multicast routing table information on Router D RouterD display pim ipv6 routing table Total 0 G entry 1 S G entry 4001 100 FF3E 101 Protocol pim ssm Flag LOC UpTime 00 08 02 Upstream interface Ethernet1 1 Upstream neighbor NULL RPF prime neighbor NULL Downstream interface s information Total number of downstreams 1 1 Serial2 0 Protocol pim s...

Страница 383: ...erface of the RPF neighbor router 6 Use the display current configuration command to verify the IPv6 PIM mode information on each interface Make sure the same IPv6 PIM mode IPv6 PIM SM or IPv6 PIM DM is enabled on all routers IPv6 multicast data is abnormally terminated on an intermediate router Symptom An intermediate router can receive IPv6 multicast data successfully but the data cannot reach t...

Страница 384: ...gured on all the routers in the entire network including static RPs by means of the static RP command Otherwise IPv6 multicast will fail Solution 1 Use the display ipv6 routing table command to verify that a route to the RP is available on each router 2 Use the display pim ipv6 rp info command to verify that the dynamic RP information is consistent on all routers In case of inconsistent RP informa...

Страница 385: ...each C RP and all the routers in the entire network have a unicast route to the RP 2 IPv6 PIM SM needs the support of the RP and BSR Use the display pim ipv6 bsr info command to verify that the BSR information exists on each router and then use the display pim ipv6 rp info command to verify that the RP information is correct on each router 3 Use the display pim ipv6 neighbor command to verify that...

Страница 386: ...es in creating IPv6 multicast routing entries When creating IPv6 multicast routing table entries an IPv6 multicast routing protocol uses the RPF check mechanism to ensure IPv6 multicast data delivery along the correct path The RPF check mechanism also helps avoid data loops caused by various reasons A multicast routing protocol uses the following tables to perform the RPF check IPv6 unicast routin...

Страница 387: ...rface of the forwarding entry After the router receives an IPv6 multicast packet it searches its IPv6 multicast forwarding table If no forwarding entry matches the packet the packet undergoes an RPF check The router creates an IPv6 multicast routing entry with the RPF interface as the incoming interface and installs the entry into the IPv6 multicast forwarding table If the interface that received ...

Страница 388: ...rce hop by hop along the forwarding tree but some routers might not support IPv6 multicast protocols in a network When the IPv6 multicast data is forwarded to a router that does not support IPv6 multicast the forwarding path is blocked In this case you can enable IPv6 multicast data forwarding across the IPv6 unicast subnets by establishing a generic routing encapsulation GRE tunnel between the ro...

Страница 389: ...es how to configure IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding Configuration prerequisites Before you configure IPv6 multicast routing and forwarding complete the following tasks Enable IPv6 forwarding and configure an IPv6 unicast routing protocol so that all devices in the domain are interoperable at the network layer Configure IPv6 PIM DM or IPv6 PIM SM Determine the minimum hop limit value required...

Страница 390: ... multicast forwarding boundary sets the boundary condition for the IPv6 multicast groups in the specified range or scope If the destination address of an IPv6 multicast packet matches the set boundary condition the packet will not be forwarded Once an IPv6 multicast boundary is configured on an interface this interface can no longer forward IPv6 multicast packets including those sent from the loca...

Страница 391: ...multicast forwarding entries until the number of existing IPv6 multicast forwarding entries decreases below the upper limit When the router forwards IPv6 multicast data it replicates a copy of the IPv6 multicast data for each downstream node and forwards the data Each of these downstream nodes is a branch of the IPv6 multicast distribution tree You can configure the maximum number of downstream no...

Страница 392: ...e interface number register statistics port info begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display the DF information of the IPv6 multicast forwarding table display multicast ipv6 forwarding table df info rp address begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view For more information about DF see Configuring IPv6 PIM Display information about the IPv6 multicast ...

Страница 393: ...ble reset multicast ipv6 routing table ipv6 source address prefix length ipv6 group address prefix length incoming interface interface type interface number register all Available in user view When a routing entry is removed from the IPv6 multicast routing table the corresponding forwarding entry is also removed from the IPv6 multicast forwarding table IPv6 multicast forwarding over GRE tunnel con...

Страница 394: ...s 5001 2 64 On Router C specify the tunnel encapsulation mode as GRE over IPv6 and specify its source and destination addresses RouterC Tunnel0 tunnel protocol gre RouterC Tunnel0 source 3001 2 RouterC Tunnel0 destination 2001 1 RouterC Tunnel0 quit 4 Configure OSPFv3 Configure OSPFv3 on Router A RouterA ospfv3 1 RouterA ospfv3 1 router id 1 1 1 1 RouterA ospfv3 1 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1...

Страница 395: ... RouterA interface tunnel 0 RouterA Tunnel0 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Tunnel0 quit On Router C enable IPv6 multicast routing enable MLD on Ethernet 1 1 and enable IPv6 PIM DM on each interface RouterC multicast ipv6 routing enable RouterC interface ethernet 1 1 RouterC Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterC Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 dm RouterC Ethernet1 1 quit RouterC interface ethernet 1 2 RouterC Ethernet1 2 pim i...

Страница 396: ...router can receive IPv6 multicast packets successfully but the packets cannot reach the stub network The interface of the intermediate router receives the IPv6 multicast packets but no corresponding S G entry exists in the IPv6 PIM routing table Analysis Before forwarding an IPv6 multicast packet the router decreases the hop limit value in the IPv6 packet header by 1 and recalculates the checksum ...

Страница 397: ... be sent with a higher hop limit value from the multicast source 2 Use the display current configuration command to display the IPv6 ACL rule configured on the multicast forwarding boundary Change the IPv6 ACL rule used in the multicast ipv6 boundary command so that the source address of the IPv6 multicast packets and the IPv6 multicast group address can both match the IPv6 ACL rule 3 Use the disp...

Страница 398: ... enabled Layer 2 device establishes mappings between ports and multicast MAC addresses and forwards IPv6 multicast data based on these mappings As shown in Figure 103 without MLD snooping a Layer 2 switch floods IPv6 multicast packets out of all ports but the incoming port MLD snooping enables a Layer 2 switch to forward IPv6 multicast packets destined for a known IPv6 multicast group address out ...

Страница 399: ...cal router ports in the router port list Do not confuse the router port in MLD snooping with the routed interface commonly known as the Layer 3 interface The router port in MLD snooping is the Layer 2 interface Member port Multicast receiver side port In the figure Ethernet 1 2 and Ethernet 1 3 of Switch A and Ethernet 1 2 of Switch B are member ports A switch registers all its local member ports ...

Страница 400: ...D messages The ports in this section are dynamic ports For information about how to configure and remove static ports see Configuring static ports When receiving a general query The MLD querier periodically sends MLD general queries to all hosts and routers FF02 1 on the local subnet to determine whether any active IPv6 multicast group members exist on the subnet After receiving an MLD general que...

Страница 401: ...cards the MLD done message If a forwarding entry matches the IPv6 multicast group address and contains the port the switch forwards the done message to all router ports in the native VLAN Because the switch does not know whether any other hosts attached to the port are still listening to that IPv6 multicast group address the switch does not immediately remove the port from the forwarding entry for...

Страница 402: ... router ports if the forwarding entry for the group still contains a member port Report When receiving a report for an IPv6 multicast group the proxy looks up the multicast forwarding table for the entry for the multicast group If a forwarding entry matches the IPv6 multicast group and contains the receiving port as a dynamic member port the proxy restarts the aging timer for the port If a forward...

Страница 403: ... interface do not interfere with configurations made on its member ports nor do they participate in aggregation calculations A configuration made on a member port of the aggregate group will take effect after the port leaves the aggregate group Complete these tasks to configure MLD snooping in a VLAN Task Remarks Configuring basic MLD snooping functions Enabling MLD snooping Required Specifying th...

Страница 404: ... you enable it for a VLAN If you enable MLD snooping for a VLAN do not enable MLD or IPv6 PIM on the corresponding VLAN interface and vice versa MLD snooping for a VLAN works only on the ports within that VLAN To enable MLD snooping Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enable MLD snooping globally and enter MLD snooping view mld snooping Disabled by default 3 Return to system...

Страница 405: ...or dynamic router ports Determine the aging timer for dynamic member ports Determine the IPv6 multicast group and IPv6 multicast source addresses Configuring aging timers for dynamic ports If a switch receives no MLD general queries or IPv6 PIM hello messages on a dynamic router port when the aging timer of the port expires the switch removes the port from the router port list If the switch receiv...

Страница 406: ...nfiguration guidelines A static member port does not respond to queries from the MLD querier When you configure a port as a static member port or cancel this configuration on the port the port does not send an unsolicited MLD report or an MLD done message Static member ports and static router ports never age out To remove such a port use the corresponding undo command Configuration procedure To co...

Страница 407: ...e view or Layer 2 aggregate interface view interface interface type interface number Enter port group view port group manual port group name Use either method 3 Configure the port as a simulated member host mld snooping host join ipv6 group address source ip ipv6 source address vlan vlan id A port is not a simulated member host by default NOTE Unlike a static member port a port configured as a sim...

Страница 408: ...e from a connected host a router port becomes a dynamic router port Before its timer expires this dynamic router port receives all multicast packets within the VLAN that the port belongs to and forwards them to the host affecting normal multicast reception of the host In addition the MLD general query and IPv6 PIM hello message that the host sends affects the multicast routing protocol state on La...

Страница 409: ...ayer 3 multicast devices can establish and maintain multicast forwarding entries for forwarding multicast traffic correctly at the network layer This router or Layer 3 switch is called the MLD querier However a Layer 2 multicast switch does not support MLD and it cannot send MLD general queries by default When you configure an MLD snooping querier in a network where multicast traffic is only switc...

Страница 410: ...than the maximum response delay for MLD general queries Otherwise IPv6 multicast members might be removed by mistake Configuring the global parameters for MLD queries and responses Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter MLD snooping view mld snooping N A 3 Set the maximum response delay for MLD general queries max response time interval 10 seconds by default 4 Set the MLD...

Страница 411: ...IPv6 address for the MLD reports sent by the proxy Determine the source IPv6 address for the MLD done messages sent by the proxy Enabling MLD snooping proxying The MLD snooping proxying function works on a per VLAN basis After you enable the function in a VLAN the device works as the MLD snooping proxy for the downstream hosts and upstream router in the VLAN To enable MLD snooping proxying in a VL...

Страница 412: ...n a MLD snooping enabled switch you can configure an IPv6 multicast group filter to limit multicast programs available to different users In an application when a user requests a multicast program the user s host initiates an MLD report After receiving this report message the switch resolves the IPv6 multicast group address in the report and looks up the ACL If a match is found to permit the port ...

Страница 413: ...abled on a port the port can only connect to IPv6 multicast receivers rather than multicast sources The reason is that the port denies all IPv6 multicast data packets but it permits multicast protocol packets If this feature is disabled the port can connect to both multicast sources and IPv6 multicast receivers The following matrix shows the feature and the MSR router compatibility Feature MSR900 ...

Страница 414: ...ast data in the VLAN that the data belongs to If the function of dropping unknown IPv6 multicast data is enabled the switch drops all received unknown IPv6 multicast data For a device that supports both drop unknown and mld snooping drop unknown commands do not configure them at the same time If you If you enable this function in MLD snooping view you should not enable or disable it in VLAN view o...

Страница 415: ...tion enabled within a query interval the Layer 2 switch forwards only the first MLD report for the IPv6 multicast group to the Layer 3 device It does not forward subsequent MLD reports for the same IPv6 multicast group to the Layer 3 device This helps reduce the number of packets being transmitted over the network On an MLD snooping proxy MLD reports for an IPv6 multicast group from downstream hos...

Страница 416: ...st groups that a switch or a port can join might exceed the upper limit In addition in some specific applications an IPv6 multicast group that the switch newly joins must replace an existing IPv6 multicast group automatically A typical example is channel switching To view a new TV channel a user switches from the current IPv6 multicast group to the new one To realize such requirements you can enab...

Страница 417: ... by default Setting the 802 1p precedence for MLD messages When congestion occurs on outgoing ports of a switch it forwards MLD messages in their 802 1p priority order from highest to lowest You can assign higher forwarding priority to MLD messages by changing their 802 1p precedence Setting the 802 1p precedence for MLD messages globally Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 ...

Страница 418: ...AN mld snooping host tracking Disabled by default Displaying and maintaining MLD snooping Task Command Remarks Display MLD snooping group information display mld snooping group vlan vlan id verbose begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display information about the hosts tracked by MLD snooping display mld snooping host vlan vlan id group ipv6 group address source ipv6 sou...

Страница 419: ...affic addressed to IPv6 multicast group FF1E 101 only IPv6 multicast data for group FF1E 101 can be forwarded through Ethernet 1 3 and Ethernet 1 4 of Switch A even if Host A and Host B accidentally temporarily stop receiving IPv6 multicast data and that Switch A drops unknown IPv6 multicast data and does not broadcast the data to the VLAN where Switch A resides Figure 106 Network diagram Configur...

Страница 420: ... IPv6 multicast group FF1E 101 SwitchA acl ipv6 number 2001 SwitchA acl6 basic 2001 rule permit source ff1e 101 128 SwitchA acl6 basic 2001 quit SwitchA mld snooping SwitchA mld snooping group policy 2001 vlan 100 SwitchA mld snooping quit Configure Ethernet 1 3 and Ethernet 1 4 as simulated hosts for IPv6 multicast group FF1E 101 SwitchA interface ethernet 1 3 SwitchA Ethernet1 3 mld snooping hos...

Страница 421: ...ticast group FF1E 101 to enhance the reliability of multicast traffic transmission Suppose STP runs on the network To avoid data loops the forwarding path from Switch A to Switch C is blocked under normal conditions and IPv6 multicast traffic flows to the receivers attached to Switch C only along the path of Switch A Switch B Switch C For more information about the STP see Layer 2 LAN Switching Co...

Страница 422: ...RouterA Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterA Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Ethernet1 1 quit RouterA interface ethernet 1 2 RouterA Ethernet1 2 pim ipv6 dm RouterA Ethernet1 2 quit 3 Configure Switch A Enable MLD snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA mld snooping SwitchA mld snooping quit Create VLAN 100 assign Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 3 to this VLAN and enable MLD snooping in the VLAN S...

Страница 423: ...ooping in the VLAN SwitchC vlan 100 SwitchC vlan100 port ethernet 1 1 to ethernet 1 5 SwitchC vlan100 mld snooping enable SwitchC vlan100 quit Configure Ethernet 1 3 and Ethernet 1 5 as static member ports for the IPv6 multicast group FF1E 101 SwitchC interface Ethernet 1 3 SwitchC Ethernet1 3 mld snooping static group ff1e 101 vlan 100 SwitchC Ethernet1 3 quit SwitchC interface Ethernet 1 5 Switc...

Страница 424: ... group vlan 100 verbose Total 1 IP Group s Total 1 IP Source s Total 1 MAC Group s Port flags D Dynamic port S Static port C Copy port P PIM port Subvlan flags R Real VLAN C Copy VLAN Vlan id 100 Total 1 IP Group s Total 1 IP Source s Total 1 MAC Group s Router port s total 1 port s Eth1 2 D 00 01 23 IP group s the following ip group s match to one mac group IP group address FF1E 101 FF1E 101 Attr...

Страница 425: ...nown multicast traffic within the VLAN be sure to configure all the switches to drop unknown multicast data packets Figure 108 Network diagram Configuration procedure 1 Configure Switch A Enable IPv6 forwarding and enable MLD snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA ipv6 SwitchA mld snooping SwitchA mld snooping quit Create VLAN 100 and assign Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 3 to VLAN 100 Swi...

Страница 426: ...s Display statistics for the MLD messages on Switch B SwitchB vlan100 display mld snooping statistics Received MLD general queries 3 Received MLDv1 specific queries 0 Received MLDv1 reports 12 Received MLD dones 0 Sent MLDv1 specific queries 0 Received MLDv2 reports 0 Received MLDv2 reports with right and wrong records 0 Received MLDv2 specific queries 0 Received MLDv2 specific sg queries 0 Sent M...

Страница 427: ... 3 Configure Switch A Enable MLD snooping globally SwitchA system view SwitchA mld snooping SwitchA mld snooping quit Create VLAN 100 assign ports Ethernet 1 1 through Ethernet 1 4 to this VLAN and enable MLD snooping and MLD snooping proxying in the VLAN SwitchA vlan 100 SwitchA vlan100 port ethernet 1 1 to ethernet 1 4 SwitchA vlan100 mld snooping enable SwitchA vlan100 mld snooping proxying ena...

Страница 428: ...al 2 port s Eth1 3 Eth1 4 Display information about MLD multicast groups on Router A RouterA display mld group Total 1 MLD Group s Interface group report information Ethernet1 1 2001 1 Total 1 MLD Group reported Group Address FF1E 1 Last Reporter FE80 2FF FFFF FE00 1 Uptime 00 00 03 Expires 00 04 17 When Host A leaves the IPv6 multicast group it sends an MLD done message to Switch A Receiving the ...

Страница 429: ...n Analysis MLD snooping is not enabled Solution 1 Use the display current configuration command to view the running status of MLD snooping 2 If MLD snooping is not enabled use the mld snooping command to enable MLD snooping globally and then use the mld snooping enable command to enable MLD snooping in VLAN view 3 If MLD snooping is disabled only for the corresponding VLAN use the mld snooping ena...

Страница 430: ...erently under different conditions as follows If only MLD is enabled on the switch or if both MLD and IPv6 PIM are enabled on the switch the switch does the following Maintains dynamic member ports or dynamic router ports according to MLD packets Maintains dynamic router ports according to IPv6 PIM hello packets If only IPv6 PIM is enabled on the switch the following occurs The switch broadcasts M...

Страница 431: ...een domains For information about RPF see Configuring multicast routing and forwarding MP BGP is defined in RFC 2858 Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP 4 The application of MP BGP on IPv6 multicast is called IPv6 Multicast BGP IPv6 MBGP IPv6 MBGP configuration task list Task Remarks Configuring basic IPv6 MBGP functions Configuring an IPv6 MBGP peer Required Configuring a preferred value for routes ...

Страница 432: ...ecify an IPv6 BGP peer and its AS number peer ipv6 address as number as number Not configured by default 5 Enter IPv6 MBGP address family view ipv6 family multicast N A 6 Enable the IPv6 MBGP peer peer ipv6 address enable Not enabled by default Configuring a preferred value for routes from a peer or a peer group If you both reference a routing policy and use the command peer ipv6 group name ipv6 a...

Страница 433: ... Before you configure this task complete the following tasks Enable IPv6 Configure basic IPv6 MBGP functions Injecting a local IPv6 MBGP route Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv6 MBGP address family view ipv6 family multicast N A 4 Inject a network into the IPv6 MBGP routing table network ipv6 address prefix length route policy r...

Страница 434: ...dress family view ipv6 family multicast N A 4 Configure manual route summarization aggregate ipv6 address prefix length as set attribute policy route policy name detail suppressed origin policy route policy name suppress policy route policy name Not configured by default Advertising a default route to a peer or peer group Step Command Remarks 1 Enter system view system view N A 2 Enter BGP view bg...

Страница 435: ...g information advertised to a peer or a peer group peer ipv6 group name ipv6 address as path acl as path acl number export Specify an IPv6 prefix list to filter routes advertised to a peer or a peer group peer ipv6 group name ipv6 address ipv6 prefix ipv6 prefix name export Apply a routing policy to routes advertised to a peer or a peer group peer ipv6 group name ipv6 address route policy route po...

Страница 436: ...gure several filtering policies they are applied in the following sequence filter policy import peer filter policy import peer as path acl import peer ip prefix import peer route policy import A filter policy can be applied only after the previous one is passed Routing information can be received only after passing all the configured filter policies 5 Specify the upper limit of prefixes that can b...

Страница 437: ... 2 Enter BGP view bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv6 MBGP address family view ipv6 family multicast N A 4 Configure preferences for external internal and local IPv6 MBGP routes preference external preference internal preference local preference route policy route policy name Optional The default preference values of external internal and local routes are 255 255 and 130 respectively Configuring the de...

Страница 438: ...he IPv6 multicast IBGP peer or the peer group regardless of whether the peer next hop local command is configured In the environment where the local router has two IPv6 multicast EBGP peers in a broadcast network the router does not specify itself as the next hop of routes sent to the EBGP peers by default To specify the router as the next hop of routes sent to a peer or a peer group Step Command ...

Страница 439: ...IPv6 MBGP connections to make the new one take effect The current IPv6 MBGP implementation supports the route refresh feature that enables dynamic route refresh without terminating IPv6 MBGP connections If a peer that does not support route refresh exists in the network you must configure the peer keep all routes command to save all routes from the peer When the routing policy is changed the syste...

Страница 440: ...et manually refresh bgp ipv6 multicast all ipv6 address group ipv6 group name external internal export import Optional Enabling the IPv6 MBGP ORF capability The BGP Outbound Route Filter ORF feature enables a BGP speaker to send a set of ORFs to its BGP peer through route refresh messages The peer then applies the ORFs in addition to its local routing policies if any to filter updates to the BGP s...

Страница 441: ...eer group name ipv6 address capability advertise orf ip prefix both receive send Not enabled by default Table 34 Description of the send receive and both parameters and the negotiation result Local parameter Peer parameter Negotiation result send receive both The ORF sending capability is enabled locally and the ORF receiving capability is enabled on the peer receive send both The ORF receiving ca...

Страница 442: ... bgp as number N A 3 Enter IPv6 address family view ipv6 family N A 4 Create an IPv6 BGP peer group group ipv6 group name external internal N A 5 Add a peer to the peer group peer ipv6 address group ipv6 group name as number as number No peers are added by default 6 Enter IPv6 MBGP address family view ipv6 family multicast N A 7 Enable the configured IPv6 unicast BGP peer group to create the IPv6 ...

Страница 443: ...ress route policy route policy name export Not configured by default Configuring an IPv6 MBGP route reflector To guarantee connectivity between IPv6 multicast IBGP peers you must make them fully meshed However this becomes impractical when too many IPv6 multicast IBGP peers exist Using route reflectors can solve the problem The clients of a route reflector should not be fully meshed and the route ...

Страница 444: ...ude include regular expression Available in any view Display IPv6 MBGP routing table information display bgp ipv6 multicast routing table ipv6 address prefix length begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display IPv6 MBGP routing information that matches an AS path ACL display bgp ipv6 multicast routing table as path acl as path acl number begin exclude include regular expr...

Страница 445: ...expression display bgp ipv6 multicast routing table regular expression as regular expression Available in any view Display IPv6 MBGP routing statistics display bgp ipv6 multicast routing table statistic begin exclude include regular expression Available in any view Display the IPv6 MBGP routing table information display ipv6 multicast routing table verbose begin exclude include regular expression ...

Страница 446: ...6 PIM SM 2 is in AS 200 OSPFv3 is the IGP in the two ASs and IPv6 MBGP runs between the two ASs to exchange IPv6 multicast route information The multicast source belongs to IPv6 PIM SM 1 and the receiver belongs to IPv6 PIM SM 2 The POS 5 0 of Router A and Router B must be configured as the C BSR and C RP of the IPv6 PIM SM domains respectively Figure 110 Network diagram Device Interface IP addres...

Страница 447: ...ce and enable MLD on the host side interface Ethernet 1 1 RouterC system view RouterC multicast ipv6 routing enable RouterC interface serial 2 0 RouterC Serial2 0 pim ipv6 sm RouterC Serial2 0 quit RouterC interface serial 2 1 RouterC Serial2 1 pim ipv6 sm RouterC Serial2 1 quit RouterC interface ethernet 1 1 RouterC Ethernet1 1 pim ipv6 sm RouterC Ethernet1 1 mld enable RouterC Ethernet1 1 quit C...

Страница 448: ...utes RouterB ipv6 RouterB bgp 200 RouterB bgp router id 2 2 2 2 RouterB bgp ipv6 family RouterB bgp af ipv6 peer 1001 1 as number 100 RouterB bgp af ipv6 import route ospfv3 1 RouterB bgp af ipv6 quit RouterB bgp ipv6 family multicast RouterB bgp af ipv6 mul peer 1001 1 enable RouterB bgp af ipv6 mul import route ospfv3 1 RouterB bgp af ipv6 mul quit RouterB bgp quit 6 Verify the configuration Use...

Страница 449: ...ing you will receive email notification of product enhancements new driver versions firmware updates and other product resources Related information Documents To find related documents browse to the Manuals page of the HP Business Support Center website http www hp com support manuals For related documentation navigate to the Networking section and select a networking category For a complete list ...

Страница 450: ...eparated by vertical bars from which you select one choice multiple choices or none 1 n The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand sign can be entered 1 to n times A line that starts with a pound sign is comments GUI conventions Convention Description Boldface Window names button names field names and menu items are in bold text For example the New User window appears cl...

Страница 451: ... 2 features Represents an access controller a unified wired WLAN module or the switching engine on a unified wired WLAN switch Represents an access point Represents a security product such as a firewall a UTM or a load balancing or security card that is installed in a device Represents a security card such as a firewall card a load balancing card or a NetStream card Port numbering in examples The ...

Страница 452: ...nfiguring IPv6 PIM SM 322 configuring IPv6 PIM SM admin scoped zone boundary 322 configuring IPv6 PIM SM admin scoped zone C BSR 323 configuring PIM SM 67 configuring PIM SM C BSR for admin scoped and global scoped zones 68 enabling BIDIR PIM administrative scoping 78 enabling IPv6 BIDIR PIM 332 enabling IPv6 PIM SM 322 enabling PIM SM 67 IPv6 BIDIR PIM configuration 332 IPv6 PIM SM domain divisio...

Страница 453: ...g C BSR for admin scoped and global scoped zones 79 configuring C BSR timer 77 configuring C RP 73 configuring C RP timers globally 74 configuring domain border 76 configuring global C BSR parameters 76 configuring RP 73 configuring static RP 73 DF election 50 disabling BSM semantic fragmentation 78 enabling administrative scoping 78 enabling auto RP 74 enabling BIDIR PIM 72 enabling PIM SM 72 int...

Страница 454: ...P function 174 BGP AS_PATH attribute 210 BGP MDT 239 BGP MDT peers or peer groups 239 BGP MDT route reflector 240 BIDIR PIM 71 104 BIDIR PIM administrative scoping 78 BIDIR PIM admin scoped zone boundary 79 BIDIR PIM BSR 75 BIDIR PIM C BSR 75 BIDIR PIM C BSR for admin scoped and global scoped zones 79 BIDIR PIM C BSR timer 77 BIDIR PIM C RP 73 BIDIR PIM C RP timers globally 74 BIDIR PIM domain bor...

Страница 455: ...Pv6 MBGP MED attribute 425 IPv6 MBGP NEXT_HOP attribute 426 IPv6 MBGP outbound route filtering 423 IPv6 MBGP peer group 430 IPv6 MBGP peer peer group preferred route value 420 IPv6 MBGP route attribute 425 IPv6 MBGP route dampening 424 IPv6 MBGP route distribution 421 IPv6 MBGP route preference 425 IPv6 MBGP route reflector 431 IPv6 MBGP route summarization 422 IPv6 MBGP soft reset 427 IPv6 multic...

Страница 456: ...ttributes 208 MBGP route dampening 207 MBGP route preference 208 MBGP route redistribution 203 MBGP route reflector 215 MBGP route summarization 204 MBGP soft reset 211 211 MDT switchover parameters 238 minimum packet TTL 123 MLD 268 MLD basic function 276 287 MLD fast leave processing 282 MLD IPv6 multicast group filter 278 278 MLD proxying 284 292 MLD query response parameters 280 MLD snooping 3...

Страница 457: ...ion 202 creating MSDP peer connection 175 C RP BIDIR PIM 73 BIDIR PIM C RP timer 74 configuring IPv6 BIDIR PIM C RP 327 configuring IPv6 BIDIR PIM C RP timer globally 328 configuring IPv6 PIM SM C RP timer globally 318 configuring PIM SM C RP 62 PIM SM 63 D default route redistribution MBGP 203 device IGMPv3 host control capability 16 PE VPN instance 12 DF BIDIR PIM election 50 IPv6 BIDIR PIM elec...

Страница 458: ...N 152 IGMP 21 IGMP fast leave processing 27 IGMP host tracking function 28 IGMP proxying 30 IGMP snooping 141 IGMP snooping drop unknown multicast data function 151 IGMP snooping host tracking function 155 IGMP snooping host tracking function globally 155 IGMP snooping host tracking function in VLAN 155 IGMP snooping multicast group replacement 153 IGMP snooping proxying 148 IGMP snooping querier ...

Страница 459: ...BGP inbound route filtering 206 configuring MBGP outbound route filtering 205 configuring MLD IPv6 multicast group filter 278 configuring MLD max number multicast groups on interface 278 configuring MSDP SA message filtering rule 179 configuring PIM hello message filter 83 configuring PIM multicast data filter 83 IGMP snooping drop unknown multicast data enable 151 IGMP snooping multicast group fi...

Страница 460: ...c fragmentation 331 disabling IPv6 PIM SM BSM semantic fragmentation 321 enabling IPv6 BIDIR PIM 326 enabling IPv6 BIDIR PIM administrative scoping 332 enabling IPv6 BIDIR PIM embedded RP 327 enabling IPv6 PIM DM 313 enabling IPv6 PIM DM state refresh capability 313 enabling IPv6 PIM SM 316 enabling IPv6 PIM SM administrative scoping 322 enabling IPv6 PIM SM embedded RP 318 IPv6 BIDIR PIM bidirect...

Страница 461: ...ast data packet delivery 232 multicast protocol packet delivery 231 GRE tunneling IPv6 multicast forwarding 376 IPv6 multicast forwarding over 381 multicast forwarding 119 multicast forwarding over 130 group advertising IPv4 MBGP default route to peer peer group 204 configuring IGMP max number of multicast groups on interface 23 configuring IGMP multicast group filter 23 configuring IPv4 MBGP peer...

Страница 462: ...p information on the receiver side router 39 versions 14 VPN support 20 IGMP report multicast protocol packet delivery 231 IGMP snooping aging timer for dynamic port 136 basic concepts 135 basic configuration 141 configuration 135 140 156 configuring multicast source port filtering 150 configuring proxy message source IP address 149 configuring proxying 148 configuring query source IP address 148 ...

Страница 463: ...RP discovery 50 configuring BIDIR PIM C RP 73 configuring BIDIR PIM static RP 73 configuring forwarding table size 123 configuring IGMP snooping source port filtering 150 configuring MLD version 277 configuring MSDP SA cache mechanism 180 configuring MSDP SA message content 178 configuring MSDP SA message related parameters 178 configuring MSDP SA request message 179 configuring PIM SM administrat...

Страница 464: ...erface 278 configuring MLD multicast group filter 278 configuring MLD query response parameters 280 configuring MLD SSM mapping 283 289 configuring MLD version 277 configuring PIM DM 56 configuring proxying 292 enabling MLD 277 enabling MLD host tracking function 283 enabling MLD SSM mapping 284 Ethernet MAC multicast address 8 joining MLDv1 IPv6 multicast group 269 leaving MLDv1 IPv6 multicast gr...

Страница 465: ...98 configuring MLD snooping simulated member host port 395 configuring routing 377 configuring routing policy 377 disabling MLD snooping dynamic router port change 396 displaying MLD snooping 406 enabling MLD snooping host tracking function 406 enabling MLD snooping proxying 399 enabling routing 377 forwarding across IPv6 unicast subnets 376 forwarding configuration 374 forwarding over GRE tunnel ...

Страница 466: ...coped zone C BSR 323 configuring an RP 316 configuring C BSR 319 configuring C BSR timer 320 configuring C RP 317 configuring C RP timer globally 318 configuring domain border 320 configuring IPv6 multicast source registration 323 disabling BSM semantic fragmentation 321 DR election 300 embedded RP 302 enabling 316 334 enabling administrative scoping 322 enabling embedded RP 318 IPv6 administrativ...

Страница 467: ...g IPv6 MBGP route summarization 422 configuring large scale network 213 configuring manual soft reset 211 configuring max number load balancing routes 213 configuring MED attribute 209 configuring NEXT_HOP attribute 209 configuring outbound route filtering 205 configuring route attributes 208 configuring route dampening 207 configuring route preference 208 configuring route redistribution 203 conf...

Страница 468: ...ptions 336 configuring IPv6 PIM join prune message size 340 configuring MLD query response parameters 280 configuring MLD snooping proxy message source IP address 399 configuring MSDP SA message content 178 configuring MSDP SA message filtering rule 179 configuring MSDP SA message related parameters 178 configuring MSDP SA request message 179 configuring PIM hello message filter 83 configuring PIM...

Страница 469: ...ging timers 393 enabling 392 enabling MLD snooping host tracking function 406 enabling proxying 399 fast leave processing enable 395 hardware compatibility 386 how it works 388 IPv6 group policy configuration 407 IPv6 multicast group filter 400 IPv6 multicast group replacement 404 IPv6 multicast MLD report 388 IPv6 multicast source port filtering 401 IPv6 multicast unknown data drop enable 402 mai...

Страница 470: ...cert IP multicast 124 multi AS MD VPN VRF to VRF PE interconnectivity 235 multicast address 6 adjusting MLD performance 279 architecture 5 basic MSDP configuration 174 broadcast transmission technique 2 changing RPF route 117 126 common notation 4 configuring BIDIR PIM administrative scoping 78 configuring BIDIR PIM BSR 75 configuring BIDIR PIM C BSR 75 configuring BIDIR PIM C BSR timer 77 configu...

Страница 471: ...onfiguring MLD query response parameters 280 configuring MLD SSM mapping 283 289 configuring MSDP mesh group 176 configuring MSDP peer connection 176 configuring MSDP peer connection control 177 configuring MSDP peer description 176 configuring MSDP SA message filtering rule 179 configuring MSDP static RPF peer 175 configuring PIM common features 82 configuring PIM common timer 86 configuring PIM ...

Страница 472: ...r 146 146 161 IGMP versions 14 IGMPv2 16 IGMPv3 16 implementing RPF 116 IPv6 BIDIR PIM bidirectional RPT building 306 IPv6 BIDIR PIM configuration 362 IPv6 BIDIR PIM DF election 305 IPv6 BIDIR PIM neighbor discovery 305 IPv6 BIDIR PIM RP discovery 305 IPv6 PIM configuration 296 342 IPv6 PIM protocol relationships 312 IPv6 PIM DM 296 IPv6 PIM DM assert 298 IPv6 PIM DM configuration 342 IPv6 PIM DM ...

Страница 473: ... MD 222 MDT switchover 234 MD VPN 222 224 multi AS MD VPN 235 multicast data packet delivery 232 multicast protocol packet delivery 231 multi hop EBGP interconnectivity 236 P device 222 PE device 222 protocols and standards 227 public network 222 share MDT characteristics 230 share MDT establishment 227 share MDT establishment in BIDIR PIM network 229 share MDT establishment in PIM DM network 227 ...

Страница 474: ...v6 multicast MLD snooping configuration 386 407 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group policy configuration 407 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping static port configuration 409 MBGP configuration 201 201 MBGP large scale network configuration 213 optimizing MBGP network 210 NEXT_HOP IPv6 MBGP attribute 426 MBGP attribute 209 no member information on router MLD troubleshooting 294 notation multicast 4 O optimi...

Страница 475: ...tra domain Anycast RP 172 RPF check rules for SA messages MSDP 171 troubleshooting MSDP peer stays in down state 199 performance adjusting IGMP performance 24 adjusting MLD performance 279 performing IPv6 MBGP soft reset manually 428 IPv6 MBGP soft reset through route refresh 427 PIM BIDIR PIM See BIDIR PIM configuration 41 89 configuring common features 82 configuring common timer 86 configuring ...

Страница 476: ... MSDP Anycast RP configuration 191 MSDP configuration 168 MSDP inter AS multicast configuration leveraging static RPF peers 186 MSDP inter domain multicast configuration 181 MSDP inter domain multicast delivery 169 MSDP intra domain Anycast RP 172 MSDP peer 168 MSDP SA message filtering configuration 195 multicast data packet delivery 232 multicast protocol packet delivery 231 multicast source reg...

Страница 477: ... groups max number on port 403 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast group filter 400 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast source port filtering 401 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast unknown data drop enable 402 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping member port 387 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping policy 400 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping port function configuration 393 IPv6 multicast MLD snoopi...

Страница 478: ...149 configuring IGMP snooping proxying 148 163 configuring IGMP snooping querier 146 configuring IGMP snooping query source IP address 148 configuring IGMP snooping report suppression 152 configuring IGMP snooping simulated member host port 144 156 configuring IGMP snooping static port 143 158 configuring IGMP SSM mapping 28 34 configuring IGMP SSM mappings 29 configuring IGMP static member interf...

Страница 479: ...2 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group filter 400 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group filter globally 400 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group filter on port 401 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group policy 407 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast source port filtering globally 401 configuring IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast source p...

Страница 480: ...hrough route refresh 211 configuring MDT switchover parameters 238 configuring MD VPN 236 configuring MLD basic function 276 287 configuring MLD fast leave processing 282 configuring MLD fast leave processing globally 282 configuring MLD fast leave processing on interface 283 configuring MLD IPv6 multicast group filter 278 configuring MLD max number multicast groups on interface 278 configuring ML...

Страница 481: ...parameters 65 configuring PIM SM MSDP inter domain multicast 181 configuring PIM SM multicast source registration 69 configuring PIM SM RP 62 configuring PIM SM static RP 62 configuring PIM SSM 80 108 configuring PIM SSM group range 81 configuring Router Alert option handling methods 24 279 configuring Router Alert option handling methods globally 24 280 configuring Router Alert option handling me...

Страница 482: ...ast leave processing 395 enabling IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group replacement 404 enabling IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group replacement globally 404 enabling IPv6 multicast MLD snooping group replacement on port 404 enabling IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast unknown data drop 402 enabling IPv6 multicast MLD snooping IPv6 multicast unknown data drop enable for VLAN 402 enabling IPv6 mul...

Страница 483: ...tting prune delay timer 85 setting the 802 1p precedence for IGMP messages globally 154 setting the 802 1p precedence for IGMP messages in VLAN 155 setting the 802 1p precedence for MLD messages globally 405 setting the 802 1p precedence for MLD messages in VLAN 405 specifying IGMP snooping version 141 specifying IPv6 multicast MLD snooping version 392 specifying the gloabal version of IGMP 22 spe...

Страница 484: ...D snooping router port 387 troubleshooting IGMP inconsistent memberships on routers on the same subnet 40 troubleshooting IGMP no membership information on the receiver side router 39 troubleshooting MLD inconsistent router memberships on same subnet 295 router port IGMP snooping 136 MLD snooping 387 route refresh IPv6 MBGP 427 routing adjusting IGMP performance 24 adjusting MLD performance 279 ad...

Страница 485: ...twork 430 configuring IPv6 MBGP max number load balancing equal cost routes 429 configuring IPv6 MBGP MED attribute 425 configuring IPv6 MBGP NEXT_HOP attribute 426 configuring IPv6 MBGP outbound route filtering 423 configuring IPv6 MBGP peer 420 configuring IPv6 MBGP peer group 430 configuring IPv6 MBGP route attribute 425 configuring IPv6 MBGP route dampening 424 configuring IPv6 MBGP route dist...

Страница 486: ...apping 283 284 289 configuring MLD version 277 configuring MSDP mesh group 176 configuring MSDP peer connection 176 configuring MSDP peer connection control 177 configuring MSDP peer description 176 configuring MSDP SA cache mechanism 180 configuring MSDP SA message content 178 configuring MSDP SA message filtering rule 179 configuring MSDP SA message related parameters 178 configuring MSDP SA req...

Страница 487: ... snooping host tracking function 406 enabling MLD snooping proxying 399 enabling MLD SSM mapping 284 enabling MSDP 174 enabling PIM DM 57 enabling PIM DM state refresh capability 58 enabling PIM SM 61 enabling PIM SM administrative scoping 67 Ethernet MAC multicast address 8 IGMP basic configuration 20 32 IGMP basic snooping configuration 141 IGMP configuration 14 IGMP proxying 19 IGMP query respo...

Страница 488: ...figuration 345 IPv6 PIM SM relationship between admin scoped and global scoped zones 309 IPv6 PIM SM RP discovery 300 IPv6 PIM SM RPT building 302 IPv6 PIM SM SPT switchover 304 IPv6 PIM SSM 310 IPv6 PIM SSM configuration 367 IPv6 PIM SSM DR election 311 IPv6 PIM SSM neighbor discovery 311 IPv6 PIM SSM SPT building 311 MBGP configuration 201 201 MBGP large scale network configuration 213 MDT switc...

Страница 489: ...ng from share MDT to switch MDT 234 troubleshooting PIM multicast data abnormally terminated on an intermediate router 112 VRF to VRF PE interconnectivity 235 RP BIDIR PIM bidirectional RPT building 51 BIDIR PIM RP discovery 50 configuring BIDIR PIM C RP 73 configuring BIDIR PIM C RP timers globally 74 configuring BIDIR PIM RP 73 configuring BIDIR PIM static RP 73 configuring IPv6 BIDIR PIM C RP 3...

Страница 490: ...ting 802 1p precedence for IGMP messages globally 154 802 1p precedence for IGMP messages in VLAN 155 802 1p precedence for MLD messages globally 405 802 1p precedence for MLD messages in VLAN 405 IGMP snooping 802 1p message precedence 154 IGMP snooping dynamic port aging timer 142 IGMP snooping dynamic port aging timer globally 143 IGMP snooping dynamic port aging timer in VLAN 143 IPv6 multicas...

Страница 491: ...ning 271 MLDv2 state 271 PIM DM state refresh 58 58 troubleshooting MSDP peer stays in down state 199 static configuring IGMP static member interface 22 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping static port configuration 394 troubleshooting multicast static route failure 133 static port IGMP snooping 143 158 subnet troubleshooting IGMP inconsistent memberships on routers on the same subnet 40 troubleshooting ML...

Страница 492: ...ribution tree fails to build correctly 370 IPv6 PIM SM RPS cannot join SPT 372 IPv6 PIM SM RPT establishment failure 372 IPv6 PIM SM source registration failure 372 Layer 2 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping forwarding 417 MD VPN 266 MD VPN MVRF cannot be created 267 MD VPN share MDT cannot be established 266 MLD 294 MLD inconsistent router memberships on same subnet 295 MLD no member information on rout...

Страница 493: ...nown data drop 402 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping policy 400 IPv6 multicast MLD snooping static port configuration 394 MLD snooping configuration 391 MLD snooping querier 397 PIM configuration 41 VPN IGMP support 20 instance 12 MSDP support 173 multicast application 12 multicast support 12 multicast VPN configuration 222 PIM support 56 VPN instance configuring MDT switchover parameters 238 enabling I...

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