10
In hardware, loading programs into memory from a device is accomplished by running a bootstrap loader that is
configured for the select code(s) used by the device interface. For the 2114, 2115, 2116, and 2100 CPUs, this
involves enabling the protected area of core memory containing the loader, setting the P register to point at the
loader’s starting address, and pressing PRESET (or INTERNAL PRESET and EXTERNAL PRESET for the 2100)
and RUN. For the 1000 M/E/F-Series CPUs, loading involves setting the S register to select the bootstrap loader
ROM and interface select code, and pressing STORE, IBL, PRESET, and RUN.
In simulation, bootstrap loaders may be run explicitly or implicitly. Explicit operation is described in the
Bootstrap
Loaders
section below. As a convenience,
BOOT <device>
commands may be used to implicitly bootstrap their
respective devices and are described in the individual device descriptions below.
2.2 Simulator-Specific Commands
In general, all of the commands documented in the
SIMH Users' Guide
manual are available for use with the HP
2100 simulator. Commands whose execution or parameters are implementation-defined are specified below.
2.2.1
Numeric Display and Entry
When examining or depositing into memory, the radix for addresses is octal, and the default radix for numeric data
is octal. The data default may be changed with the
SET CPU { BIN | OCT | DEC | HEX }
command, or the radix
may be overridden temporarily with a command line switch, as follows:
Switch
Interpretation
–2
A binary value
–8
or
–O
An octal value
–10
or
–D
A decimal value
–16
or
–H
A hexadecimal value
When examining or depositing into device registers, the default radix for the specified register is used unless
overridden with one of the above command line switches. Defaults are listed in the register table associated with
each device.
2.2.2
Symbolic Display and Entry
When examining or depositing into memory or certain registers, command line switches specifying the symbolic
mode and format may be used to override the default numeric mode, as follows:
Switch
Mode Interpretation
–A
A single character in the right-hand byte
–C
A two-character packed string
–M
A CPU instruction mnemonic
In the absence of a mode switch or a specified symbolic default, entering values with a leading ' (apostrophe)
implies
–A
, a leading " (quotation mark) implies
–C
, and a leading alphabetic or punctuation character implies
–M
.
The specific registers supporting symbolic mode are indicated in their respective device sections below.
If the
–C
switch is specified, the value is displayed as two characters separated by a comma. Alphanumeric,
punctuation, and symbol characters are displayed within apostrophes, control characters are displayed as ASCII
name abbreviations, and characters above 128 decimal are displayed in escaped numeric form with a leading
backslash followed by an octal number. Depositing with
–C
accepts two displayable characters. If a single
character is supplied, the low byte of the resulting value will be zero; follow the character with a space to pad the
low byte with a blank.
