
11
Error
T
erms
The
analyzer
generates
and
stores
factors
in
in
ternal
arrays
when
a
measuremen
t
error-correction
(measuremen
t
calibration)
is
p erformed.
These
factors
are
kno
wn
b
y
the
follo
wing
terms:
error
terms
E-terms
measuremen
t
calibration
co ecien
ts
The
analyzer
creates
error
terms
b
y
measuring
w
ell-dened
calibration
devices
o
v
er
the
frequency
range
of
in
terest
and
comparing
the
measured
data
with
the
ideal
mo
del
for
the
devices.
The
dierences
represen
t
systematic
(rep eatable)
errors
of
the
analyzer
system.
The
resulting
calibration
co ecien
ts
are
go
o d
represen
tations
of
the
systematic
error
sources.
for
details
on
the
v
arious
lev
els
of
error-correction,
refer
to
the
\Optimizing
Measuremen
t
Results"
c
hapter
of
the
HP
8753D
Option
011
Network
A
nalyzer
User's
Guide
.
F
ore
details
on
the
theory
of
error-correction,
refer
to
the
\Application
and
Op eration
Concepts"
c
hapter
of
the
HP
8753D
Option
011
Network
A
nalyzer
User's
Guide
.
Error
T
erms
Can
Also
Serv
e
a
Diagnostic
Purpose
Sp ecic
parts
of
the
analyzer
and
its
accessories
directly
con
tribute
to
the
magnitude
and
shap e
of
the
error
terms.
Since
w
e
kno
w
this
correlation
and
w
e
kno
w
what
t
ypical
error
terms
lo
ok
like,
w
e
can
examine
error
terms
to
monitor
system
p erformance
(prev
en
tive
maintenance)
or
to
iden
tify
faulty
comp onen
ts
in
the
system
(troublesho oting).
Prev
en
tive
Main
tenance.
A
stable,
rep eatable
system
should
generate
rep eatable
error
terms
o
v
er
long
time
in
terv
als,
for
example,
six
mon
ths.
If
y
ou
make
a
hardcop
y
record
or
plot)
of
the
error
terms,
y
ou
can
p erio
dically
compare
curren
t
error
terms
with
the
record.
A
sudden
shift
in
error
terms
reects
a
sudden
shift
in
systematic
errors,
and
may
indicate
the
need
for
further
troublesho
oting.
A
long-term
trend
often
reects
drift,
connector
and
cable
w
ear,
or
gradual
degradation,
indicating
the
need
for
further
in
v
estigation
and
prev
en
tive
maintenance.
Y
et,
the
system
may
still
conform
to
sp ecications.
The
cure
is
often
as
simple
as
cleaning
and
gaging
connectors
or
insp ecting
cables.
T
roublesho oting.
If
a
subtle
failure
or
mild
p erformance
problem
is
susp ected,
the
magnitude
of
the
error
terms
should
b e
compared
against
v
alues
generated
previously
with
the
same
instrumen
t
and
calibration
kit.
This
comparison
will
pro duce
the
most
precise
view
of
the
problem.
Ho
w
ev
er,
if
previously
generated
v
alues
are
not
a
v
ailable,
compare
the
curren
t
v
alues
to
the
t
ypical
v
alues
listed
in
T
able
11-2,
and
sho
wn
graphically
on
the
plots
in
this
c
hapter.
If
the
magnitude
exceeds
its
limit,
insp ect
the
corresp onding
system
comp onen
t.
If
the
condition
causes
system
v
erication
to
fail,
replace
the
comp onen
t.
DRAFT
3/21/106
15:14
Error
T
erms
11-1
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