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Black smoke ……………………………………………………………………………… 40
Blue smoke………………………………………………………………………………… 40
White smoke or steam…………………………………………………………………… 41
Low engine compression ………………………………………………………………… 41
High engine compression ……………………………………………………………… 41
Engine overheating (cooling system) ………………………………………………… 41
Engine overheating (engine)…………………………………………………………… 42
The ignition advance angle is too large………………………………………………… 42
Detonation………………………………………………………………………………… 42
Power loss ……………………………………………………………………………… 42
engine noises……………………………………………………………………………… 43
ENGLNE LUBRICATION…………………………………………………………………… 43
HIGH OIL CONSUMPTION OR EXCESSIVE……………………………………………… 44
Exhaust
smoke…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Low oil pressure ………………………………………………………………………… 44
High oil pressure ………………………………………………………………………… 44
No oil pressure…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Oil level too low…………………………………………………………………………… 44
Oil contamination………………………………………………………………………… 45
CYLINDER LEAK DOWN TEST…………………………………………………………… 45
ELECTRICAL TESTING…………………………………………………………………… 47
Preliminary checks and precautions …………………………………………………… 47
Intermittent problems…………………………………………………………………… 48
Electrical component replacement ……………………………………………………… 49
Test equipment …………………………………………………………………………… 49
Ammeter
……………………………………………………………………………………
49
Self-powered test light …………………………………………………………………… 49
Ohmmeter ………………………………………………………………………………… 49
Jumper wire……………………………………………………………………………… 50
TEST PROCEDURES………………………………………………………………………… 51
Voltage test……………………………………………………………………………… 51
Voltage
drop
test………………………………………………………………………… 51
Peak voltage test………………………………………………………………………… 52
Continuity test……………………………………………………………………………… 52