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16.5

Relative humidity ............................................................................................................................................

16.6

Other parameters ............................................................................................................................................

17 History of infrared technology

.............................................................................................................................

18 Theory of thermography

.........................................................................................................................................

18.1

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................

18.2

The electromagnetic spectrum ..................................................................................................................

18.3

Blackbody radiation .......................................................................................................................................

18.3.1

Planck’s law ....................................................................................................................................

18.3.2

Wien’s displacement law ..........................................................................................................

18.3.3

Stefan-Boltzmann's law .............................................................................................................

18.3.4

Non-blackbody emitters ...........................................................................................................

18.4

Infrared semi-transparent materials ........................................................................................................

19 The measurement formula

.....................................................................................................................................

102

20 Emissivity tables

..........................................................................................................................................................

102

20.1

References .........................................................................................................................................................

102

20.2

Tables ..................................................................................................................................................................

119

Index

..................................................................................................................................................................................

Publ. No. 1 557 536 Rev. a35 – ENGLISH (EN) – January 20, 2004

Содержание ThermaCAM P20

Страница 1: ...Operator s manual 1 557 536 Publ No a35 Revision English EN Language January 20 2004 Issue date ThermaCAM P20...

Страница 2: ......

Страница 3: ...ThermaCAM P20 Operator s manual Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004...

Страница 4: ...e code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical manual or otherwise without the prior writ...

Страница 5: ...e date format 14 6 5 4 Changing the time format 15 6 5 5 Changing date time 15 6 6 Working with the camera 15 6 6 1 Mounting an additional lens 16 6 6 2 Focusing the camera using autofocus 16 6 6 3 Fo...

Страница 6: ...the IR camera using serial communication 31 7 4 2 5 Camera icon not visible on system tray 32 8 Camera overview 32 8 1 Camera parts 36 8 2 Keypad buttons functions 36 8 3 Autofocus 37 8 4 Camera stat...

Страница 7: ...65 14 3 Image presentation 66 14 4 Temperature ranges 66 14 5 Electrical power system 66 14 6 Environmental specifications 67 14 7 Physical specifications 67 14 8 Interfaces connectors 67 14 9 Pin co...

Страница 8: ...ic spectrum 88 18 3 Blackbody radiation 89 18 3 1 Planck s law 90 18 3 2 Wien s displacement law 92 18 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law 93 18 3 4 Non blackbody emitters 95 18 4 Infrared semi transparent mat...

Страница 9: ...15 Figure 6 1 Mounting an additional lens 16 Figure 6 2 Inserting the battery 17 Figure 6 3 Removing the battery 23 Figure 7 1 Image transfer application 24 Figure 7 2 Image transfer 25 Figure 7 3 Br...

Страница 10: ...Figure 10 2 LED indicators on the stand alone battery charger 56 Figure 10 3 LED indicators explanations 59 Figure 11 1 Straight body LEMO connector 60 Figure 11 2 Unlocking a LEMO connector 67 Figur...

Страница 11: ...l emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Blackbody 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 97 Figure 19 1 Aschematicrepresentationofthegeneralthermographicmeasurementsitua...

Страница 12: ...x Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004...

Страница 13: ...aprecisioninstrumentandusesaverysensitiveIRdetector Pointing the camera towards highly intensive energy sources such as devices emitting laser radiation or reflections from such devices may affect the...

Страница 14: ...system also gives easy access to the advanced simple to use camera software for increased functionality Todocumenttheobjectunderinspectionitispossibletocaptureandstoreimages onaremovableCompactFlashc...

Страница 15: ...era system for PM predictive maintenance and R D research development with on board digital storage 1991 1st Windows based thermographic analysis and reporting system 1993 1st Focal Plane Array FPA sy...

Страница 16: ...cope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 lb can be seen RIGHT FLIR Systems ThermaCAM Model E2 from 2002 weight 0 7 kg 1 54 lb including battery With this tradition of unparalleled technical excellence and...

Страница 17: ...mitted to a policy of continuous development and although we have tested and verified the information in this manual to the best of our ability you may find that features and specifications have chang...

Страница 18: ...Do not use this e mail address for technical support questions Technical support is handled by FLIR Systems local sales offices 6 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 2 2 Comments ques...

Страница 19: ...1 1 557 536 Operator s manual 6 1 1 909 528 Power supply 7 1 117 132 Shoulder strap 8 1 1 195 850 ThermaCAM Connect 3 CD 9 1 Configuration dependent ThermaCAM P20 10 1 1 195 314 USB cable 11 1 1 909 7...

Страница 20: ...4 System overview 10397903 1 Figure 4 1 System overview 8 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004...

Страница 21: ...s of callouts Explanation Callout Not available for this particular camera configuration 1 CompactFlash card 2 Power supply cable 3 CVBS cable i e composite video 4 Remote control cable NOTE Depending...

Страница 22: ...nnect system components 1 Front connectors Figure 5 4 Explanations of callouts Explanation Callout RS 232 USB cable 1 Not available for this particular camera configuration 2 10 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev...

Страница 23: ...e Action Step Briefly press the green ON OFF button to switch on the camera 1 Point the camera at a warm object like a face or a hand 2 Press and hold down the A button for one second to adjust the fo...

Страница 24: ...about saving images see section 9 2 2 2 Save on page 41 6 3 Creating changing an isotherm Action Step Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar 1 PointtoAddisothermontheAnalysismenuandpre...

Страница 25: ...the horizontal menu bar 1 If the camera is in continuous adjust mode point to Manual adjust on the Image menu and press the joystick 2 Change the span by moving the joystick left right Two arrows poi...

Страница 26: ...log box 5 6 5 3 Changing the date format Action Step Press the joystick to display the horizontal menu bar 1 Point to Local Settings on the Setup menu and press the joystick 2 Move the joystick up dow...

Страница 27: ...he dialog box 5 6 6 Working with the camera 6 6 1 Mounting an additional lens NOTE Before trying to remove fingerprints or other marks on the lens elements see section 12 2 Lenses on page 61 10398403...

Страница 28: ...hen focusing 2 6 6 4 Using the electronic zoom Action Step Press the green ON OFF button to switch on the camera 1 Adjust the zoom factor by moving the joystick left right An indicator will be display...

Страница 29: ...10398603 2 Figure 6 3 Removing the battery Action Step Open the lid of the battery compartment by pressing its locking mechanism 1 The battery release spring will push out the battery from the battery...

Страница 30: ...n of boot2 appl select Setup Camera Info in the camera Make sure the version number of the module boot2 appl is as stated above 7 2 1 2 PC Serial communication RS 232 between PC and camera is supporte...

Страница 31: ...rared camera to your computer If you are using serial communication you can skip this part and continue with section 7 3 1 Transferring the images from the camera to the computer on page 22 Before you...

Страница 32: ...s completed Click Finish 7 Reboot your computer if prompted to do so 8 7 2 3 2 USB Driver Installation Procedure for Microsoft Windows 2000 Action Step When the system has detected the ThermaCAM the W...

Страница 33: ...ME Action Step When the system has detected the ThermaCAM the Windows has found the following new hardware FLIR ThermaCAM What would you like to do window appears Select Specify the location of the d...

Страница 34: ...m Files FLIR Systems Device drivers Click Ok 4 Click Next 5 Click Next 6 Insert Windows 98 CD ROM if prompted to do so 7 Click Finish 8 Reboot your computer if prompted to do so 9 7 3 Operation 7 3 1...

Страница 35: ...ill be transferred 2 Click here to select images you want to transfer 3 Clickheretobrowseforafolderonyourcomputerwherethetransferredimages will be stored 4 Click here to transfer images from the infra...

Страница 36: ...703 1 Figure 7 2 Image transfer Explanation Callout Preview of images transferred to your computer 1 Progress indicator for current image 2 Progress indicator for all images 3 Click here to start Wind...

Страница 37: ...lick here close this window and return to the application main window The images you selected will be marked for transfer and copied to your computer when you click the Transfer button 4 Click here to...

Страница 38: ...34903 1 Figure 7 4 Options Explanation Callout If this option is selected transferred images will be deleted from the infrared camera 1 Default folder on your computer to which the images will be tran...

Страница 39: ...1 to 9 for an infrared camera 1 Select this to manually enter a fixed COM port number The automatic search is now disabled 2 Click the RS 232 button again to contract the dialog 7 3 5 Auto detect When...

Страница 40: ...icationstartsassoonasainfraredcamera is connected to the computer This applies to USB or FireWire not serial commu nication RS 232 If ThermaCAM Connect 3 Transfer application is closed you can easily...

Страница 41: ...reupdates at FLIR website http www flirthermography com 7 4 2 Troubleshooting 7 4 2 1 General Before you start troubleshooting Make sure you have the latest drivers download them from the website Veri...

Страница 42: ...in section 7 2 1 Software requirements on page 18 the problems above will be experienced Resolve the problem by upgrading the camera 7 4 2 3 Problems when connecting the IR camera using USB Universal...

Страница 43: ...fails to set up a successful connection If the transfer application fails to setup a serial connection it will display the error message Cannot connect to camera Make sure the camera is connected to...

Страница 44: ...E ALSO For more information about the functionality of this button see section 8 2 Keypad buttons functions on page 36 1 F1 button SEE ALSO For more information about the functionality of this button...

Страница 45: ...on 8 2 Keypad buttons functions on page 36 3 Camera status LCD SEE ALSO For more information about the LCD see section 8 4 Camera status LCD on page 37 4 Connector for optional remote control 5 Viewfi...

Страница 46: ...tment 2 S button SEE ALSO For more information about the S button see section 8 2 Keypad buttons functions on page 36 3 A button SEE ALSO For more information about the A button see section 8 2 Keypad...

Страница 47: ...k SEE ALSO For more information about the joystick see section 8 2 Keypad buttons functions on page 36 2 ON OFF button green SEE ALSO For more information about the ON OFF button see section 8 2 Keypa...

Страница 48: ...ft right C Press to display the menu system Press to exit the menu system Press to confirm selections and leave dialog boxes Press to select the spot Move up down or left right to navigate in menus di...

Страница 49: ...y indicator Switched on if a battery is inserted flashing if the battery is being charged internally 2 CompactFlash card indicator Switched on if a CompactFlash card is inserted 3 CompactFlash status...

Страница 50: ...Comments Callout External power indicator Switched on when the camera is externally powered 9 38 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 8 4 Camera status LCD...

Страница 51: ...distance to target zoom factor date time temperature range emissivity and reflected ambient temperature Information about an image and the current conditions appear on the first and second bottom line...

Страница 52: ...arting Message is displayed while an image is being saved Saving as 9 1 4 2 Warning messages Warning messages are displayed in the center of the screen Here you will find important information about b...

Страница 53: ...he image being displayed and the directory in which the image file is stored To move between the left and the right pane press the S button To select another directory or image move the joystick up do...

Страница 54: ...s the S button To delete an image select the image in the directory by moving the joystick up down and then pressing the joystick To open a subdirectory move the joystick left right 9 2 3 Analysis men...

Страница 55: ...tcut menu Explanation Command Point to Delete and press the joystick to delete the isotherm Delete Point to Exit edit mode and press the joystick to exit the edit mode Exit edit mode Point to Setasref...

Страница 56: ...ove Interval Above Below Type The temperature level in de grees Celsius C or degrees Fahrenheit F User defined Level The width of the isotherm in degreesCelsius C ordegrees Fahrenheit F User defined W...

Страница 57: ...y level However the camera software prioritizes files that are stored at directory level and the directory has to be selected in order to store the emissivity file in the camera memory If the camera s...

Страница 58: ...the joystick to manually change level and span The level command can be regarded as the brightness while the span command can be regarded as the contrast Move the joystick up down to change the level...

Страница 59: ...and span SEE ALSO For more information about the Level Span command see section 9 2 4 3 Level Span on page 46 9 2 4 5 Palette 10392003 2 Figure 9 20 Palette dialog box Point to Palette and press the j...

Страница 60: ...o change the adjust method These settings influence the image quality and different settings may be suitable for different types of images and or applications Level Level span Adjust method Move the j...

Страница 61: ...ion color that marks every thingsaturatedbythedetector indicating that the range should be changed On Off Saturation colors PresstheAdjustregionbutton to display a region on the screen that will be us...

Страница 62: ...e IR Unique counter nnnn IR_0003 jpg Example The counter will be reset when exceeding 9999 or when you point to Factory default on the Setup menu and press the joystick Comment Figure 9 28 Naming base...

Страница 63: ...one 10 min Auto power off Move the joystick left right to specifythetimeafterwhichthe display will be switched off if it is not used None 30 sec 60 sec Display power off Move the joystick left right t...

Страница 64: ...hislabelonthe status bar On Off Emissivity Move the joystick left right to enable disablethislabelonthe status bar On Off T Reflected Move the joystick left right to enable disablethislabelonthe statu...

Страница 65: ...ox Figure 9 35 Explanations of the Date Time dialog box Value Label 1970 2036 Year 1 12 Month 1 31 Day 12 a m 12 p m 1 24 The format depends on the settings in the Local settings dialog box Hour 00 59...

Страница 66: ...Y DD MM YY Date format 24 hour AM PM Time format 9 2 5 7 Camera info The Camera info dialog box shows information about memory usage battery status serial numbers software revision etc No changes can...

Страница 67: ...s by using the camera until the battery is fully depleted The same power supply can be used for both the internal battery charger and the external battery charger Theoperationtimeofthecamerawhenrunona...

Страница 68: ...ators on the stand alone battery charger Figure 10 3 LED indicators explanations Color mode Indicator Situation Fixed red light 1 The charger is under power but no battery is inserted Fixed green ligh...

Страница 69: ...y on or near fires stoves or other high temperature lo cations When the battery is worn out insulate the terminals with adhesive tape or similar materials before disposal Immediately discontinue use o...

Страница 70: ...ancy Do not discharge the battery using any device except for the specified device When the battery is used in devices aside from the specified device it may damage the performance of the battery or r...

Страница 71: ...nector consists of a fixed inner tube and a sliding outer tube The outer tube controls the locking teeth To unlock the connector pull the outer tube in the indicated direction See the figure below NOT...

Страница 72: ...10403003 1 Figure 11 2 Unlocking a LEMO connector 60 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 11 1 How to connect disconnect LEMO connectors...

Страница 73: ...hyl alcohol C2H5OH may be used to clean the lenses The lenses should be wiped once with the solution then the cotton wool should be discarded If ethyl alcohol is unavailable DEE i e ether diethylether...

Страница 74: ...the remote control ca ble may not be properly inserted into the remote control connector camera Insert a fully charged bat tery Thereisnobatteryinthebatterycompart ment Charge the battery There is a b...

Страница 75: ...nder may be incorrect Focus the visual camera by rotating the focus ring on the visual camera The target may be out of focus The LCD viewfinder dis plays a visual image but it is blurry Change the ill...

Страница 76: ...camera To be able to save more images move the images from the CompactFlash card by downloading them to your computer using ThermaCAM Con nect 3 or replace the card with an empty card The CompactFlash...

Страница 77: ...n 0 08 C 0 14 F for camera P N 1 195 342 0 12 C 0 22 F for camera P N 1 195 744 Thermal sensitivity 30 C 86 F 50 60 Hz non interlaced Image frequency 2x 4x interpolating Electronic zoom function Autom...

Страница 78: ...gnals from internal sen sors Optics transmission correction Yes Reflected ambient temperature correction Yes External optics correction 14 5 Electrical power system Rechargeable Li Ion battery Battery...

Страница 79: ...es connectors USB Rev 2 0 full speed RS 232 optional Computer interfaces 9 16VDC 11 16VDCwhencharging standard 2 5 mm DC connector Polarity protected Power input Standard RCA connector for composite v...

Страница 80: ...n configuration for power connector on camera operator s side A Center pin B Chassis 2 5 mm DC Connector type Pin number Type Signal name CENTER PIN POWER 12V CHASSIS POWER GND 14 9 3 CVBS connector 1...

Страница 81: ...n distances to targets D distance to target m 100 00 50 00 25 00 10 00 5 00 1 20 D ft 327 90 164 00 82 00 32 80 16 40 3 90 D m 12 23 6 12 3 06 1 22 0 61 HFOV 7 ft 40 11 20 05 10 03 4 01 2 01 HFOV 7 m...

Страница 82: ...5 ft 203 71 101 86 50 93 20 37 10 19 2 44 VFOV 45 mm 258 88 129 44 64 72 25 89 12 94 3 11 IFOV 45 in 10 19 5 10 2 55 1 02 0 51 0 12 IFOV 45 m 127 41 63 71 31 85 12 74 6 37 1 53 HFOV 65 ft 417 75 208 8...

Страница 83: ...Figure 14 6 F number and close focus limits for various lenses 80 65 45 24 12 7 Lens 0 15 0 2 0 1 0 3 1 2 4 Close focus limit m 0 49 0 64 0 32 0 98 3 93 13 11 Close focus limit ft 1 0 1 5 1 0 1 0 1 0...

Страница 84: ...14 11 Basic dimensions battery charger 10388003 3 Figure 14 7 Overall dimensions of the battery charger 72 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 14 11 Basic dimensions battery charger...

Страница 85: ...14 12 Basic dimensions battery 10388103 3 Figure 14 8 Overall dimensions of the battery 14 12 Basic dimensions battery Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 73...

Страница 86: ...14 13 Basic dimensions camera 1 10388203 4 Figure 14 9 Overall dimensions of the camera 74 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January 20 2004 14 13 Basic dimensions camera 1...

Страница 87: ...dimensions camera 2 10352203 3 Figure 14 10 Location of the standard tripod mount 1 4 20 on the bottom side of the camera 14 14 Basic dimensions camera 2 Publ No 1 557 536 Rev a35 ENGLISH EN January...

Страница 88: ...body radiator A transmission value computed from the temperature the relative humidity of air and the distance to the object calculated atmospheric transmis sion A bottle shaped radiator with an absor...

Страница 89: ...differences in various parts of live images and also of stabilizing the camera image correction internal or exter nal Non visible radiation having a wavelength from about 2 13 m infrared infrared IR...

Страница 90: ...y is emitted by an object or a gas radiation A piece of IR radiating equipment radiator The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR camera Cameras can have several ranges Expressed...

Страница 91: ...ressed as two temperature values limiting the colors temperature scale infrared image thermogram Gases and materials can be more or less transparent Trans mission is the amount of IR radiation passing...

Страница 92: ...lied for the camera The emissivity of the object The reflected temperature The distance between the object and the camera The relative humidity 16 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to s...

Страница 93: ...rameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object and the radiation emitted from the atmosphere between the camera and the object Iftheemissivityislow thedistanceverylongandtheob...

Страница 94: ...xternal optics temperature i e the temperature of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera External optics transmission i e the transmission of any external lenses or windows used in...

Страница 95: ...that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experi ment with the objective of finding a single material that...

Страница 96: ...el s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early controversies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths Different investigators in atte...

Страница 97: ...possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil wh...

Страница 98: ...han 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary...

Страница 99: ...s of the electromagnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength 10067803 1 Figure 18 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray...

Страница 100: ...s of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical ap plication of the principle to the construction of a p...

Страница 101: ...which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 18 3 1 Planck s law 10399203 1 Figure 18 3 Ma...

Страница 102: ...Figure18 4 BlackbodyspectralradiantemittanceaccordingtoPlanck slaw plottedforvariousabsolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm2 103 m 2 Wavelength m 18 3 2 Wien s displacement law By diff...

Страница 103: ...64 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 m in the middle of the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 m in the far in...

Страница 104: ...body This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 whichstatesthatthetotalemissivepowerofablackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolu...

Страница 105: ...ay appear perfectly white in the visible light spectrum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 m and beyond 3 m it is almost black There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object...

Страница 106: ...the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength A blackbody for which 1 A graybody for which constant less than 1 A selective radiator for which varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s l...

Страница 107: ...us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is p...

Страница 108: ...ity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easie...

Страница 109: ...are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negligible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained oper ato...

Страница 110: ...ication in order to derive a workable formula and Trefl can at least theo retically be given a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed th...

Страница 111: ...e atmosphere Tatm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual c...

Страница 112: ...ts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the transmittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts...

Страница 113: ...mosphere radiation Fixed parameters 0 88 Trefl 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 10400703 1 Figure 19 4 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW camera 1 Objecttemperatu...

Страница 114: ...trumentationEngineers vol 110 IndustrialandCivilApplications of Infrared Technology June 1977 London 5 Paljak Pettersson ThermographyofBuildings Swedish Building Research Institute Stockholm 1972 6 Vl...

Страница 115: ...m 27 foil Aluminum 3 0 04 10 m 27 foil Aluminum 1 0 2 0 3 T 50 500 oxidized strongly Aluminum 1 0 04 0 06 T 50 100 polished Aluminum 2 0 05 T 100 polished sheet Aluminum 4 0 05 T 100 polished plate A...

Страница 116: ...Asbestos 1 0 40 0 60 T powder Asbestos 1 0 96 T 20 slate Asbestos 8 0 967 LLW 4 Asphalt paving 1 0 22 T 20 350 dull tarnished Brass 9 0 04 0 09 SW 70 oxidized Brass 9 0 03 0 07 LW 70 oxidized Brass 2...

Страница 117: ...5 masonry Brick 1 0 94 T 20 masonry plas tered Brick 2 0 93 T 20 red common Brick 1 0 88 0 93 T 20 red rough Brick 1 0 46 T 1000 refractory corun dum Brick 1 0 38 T 1000 1300 refractory magne site Bri...

Страница 118: ...pboard 1 0 10 T 50 polished Chromium 1 0 28 0 38 T 500 1000 polished Chromium 1 0 91 T 70 fired Clay 1 0 98 T 20 black Cloth 2 0 92 T 20 Concrete 7 0 95 SW 36 dry Concrete 5 0 97 SW 17 rough Concrete...

Страница 119: ...e 1 0 70 T red powder Copper oxide 1 0 89 T Ebonite 1 0 85 T 80 coarse Emery 1 0 9 T 20 Enamel 1 0 85 0 95 T 20 lacquer Enamel 6 0 85 SW 20 hard untreated Fiber board 9 0 88 LW 70 masonite Fiber board...

Страница 120: ...cast 2 0 64 T 100 oxidized Iron cast 4 0 66 T 260 oxidized Iron cast 4 0 76 T 538 oxidized Iron cast 1 0 64 0 78 T 200 600 oxidized at 600 C Iron cast 4 0 21 T 38 polished Iron cast 2 0 21 T 40 polish...

Страница 121: ...2 0 79 T 200 oxidized Iron and steel 4 0 89 T 1227 oxidized Iron and steel 1 0 80 T 200 600 oxidized Iron and steel 1 0 88 T 50 oxidized strongly Iron and steel 1 0 98 T 500 oxidized strongly Iron and...

Страница 122: ...tinned 9 0 92 0 94 LW 70 3 colors sprayed on Aluminum Lacquer 9 0 50 0 53 SW 70 3 colors sprayed on Aluminum Lacquer 1 0 4 T 20 Aluminum on rough surface Lacquer 1 0 83 T 80 bakelite Lacquer 1 0 96 0...

Страница 123: ...00 2200 Molybdenum 1 0 1 0 3 T 700 2500 filament Molybdenum 5 0 87 SW 17 Mortar 7 0 94 SW 36 dry Mortar 1 0 25 T 700 rolled Nichrome 1 0 70 T 700 sandblasted Nichrome 1 0 65 T 50 wire clean Nichrome 1...

Страница 124: ...ckel 1 0 37 0 48 T 200 600 oxidized at 600 C Nickel 4 0 045 T 122 polished Nickel 1 0 1 0 2 T 200 1000 wire Nickel 1 0 52 0 59 T 500 650 Nickel oxide 1 0 75 0 86 T 1000 1250 Nickel oxide 2 0 27 T 20 0...

Страница 125: ...oil various colors Paint 2 0 94 T 100 oil based aver age of 16 colors Paint 6 0 95 SW 20 plastic black Paint 6 0 84 SW 20 plastic white Paint 9 0 92 0 94 LW 70 4 different colors Paper 9 0 68 0 74 SW...

Страница 126: ...Plastic 9 0 94 SW 70 glass fibre lami nate printedcirc board Plastic 9 0 55 LW 70 polyurethaneiso lation board Plastic 9 0 29 SW 70 polyurethaneiso lation board Plastic 9 0 93 LW 70 PVC plastic floor...

Страница 127: ...0 90 T 20 Sand 8 0 909 LLW 19 polished Sandstone 8 0 935 LLW 19 rough Sandstone 2 0 03 T 100 polished Silver 1 0 02 0 03 T 200 600 pure polished Silver 2 0 98 T 32 human Skin 1 0 97 0 93 T 0 100 boile...

Страница 128: ...nless steel 1 0 91 T 10 90 rough lime Stucco 7 0 60 SW 37 insulation Styrofoam 1 0 79 0 84 T Tar 1 0 91 0 93 T 20 paper Tar 5 0 94 SW 17 glazed Tile 1 0 04 0 06 T 20 50 burnished Tin 2 0 07 T 100 tin...

Страница 129: ...er 2 0 98 T 10 frost crystals Water 1 0 98 T 0 ice covered with heavy frost Water 2 0 96 T 10 ice smooth Water 1 0 97 T 0 ice smooth Water 1 0 95 0 98 T 0 100 layer 0 1 mm thick Water 1 0 8 T snow Wat...

Страница 130: ...mooth dry Wood 6 0 83 SW 20 plywood untreat ed Wood 1 0 7 0 8 T 20 white damp Wood 1 0 11 T 400 oxidized at 400 C Zinc 1 0 50 0 60 T 1000 1200 oxidized surface Zinc 1 0 04 0 05 T 200 300 polished Zinc...

Страница 131: ...7 middle infrared 87 near infrared 87 battery 55 in packing list 7 inserting 17 operating time 66 removing 17 type 66 battery charger external 55 in packing list 7 internal 55 battery charging externa...

Страница 132: ...e format 14 language 13 temperature unit 14 time format 14 temperature unit 14 time format 14 charging battery externally 56 internally 55 cleaning accessories 61 cables 61 camera body 61 lenses 61 co...

Страница 133: ...m 87 electronic zoom 65 e mail ii emissivity data 102 explanation 80 finding using reference 81 finding using thermocouple 81 tables 102 emissivity correction 66 encapsulation 67 environmental specifi...

Страница 134: ...ooled 3 infrared technology 83 model 525 3 model 650 3 model 750 3 model 780 3 model P60 3 thermo electrically cooled first 3 humidity 67 I image acquiring 11 freezing 12 opening 11 saving 12 unfreezi...

Страница 135: ...ocal settings command 54 dialog box 54 Ludwig Boltzmann 92 M Macedonio Melloni 84 Manual adjust command 47 Marsilio Landriani 83 Material Safety Data Sheets 61 Max Planck 89 measurement formula 97 mea...

Страница 136: ...gement 66 Power setup dialog box 51 power supply 55 in packing list 7 product warranty ii program options ThermaCAM Connect 3 26 Q quality assurance ii quality management system ii R radiation power t...

Страница 137: ...range 65 spectrum thermometrical 84 status area 40 status bar screen object 39 Status bar command 52 dialog box 52 Stefan Josef 92 storage temperature range 67 support ThermaCAM Connect 3 29 switchin...

Страница 138: ...rmaCAM Connect 3 29 communication 30 connections RS 232 31 connections USB FireWire 30 turning off camera 11 turning on camera 11 tutorials acquiring image 11 adjusting focus 16 changing date time 15...

Страница 139: ...ii weight 67 Wien Wilhelm 90 Wilhelm Wien 90 William Herschel 83 working with level 13 span 13 working with camera adjusting focus 16 inserting battery 17 mounting lens 15 removing battery 17 zooming...

Страница 140: ...n j Apache Xalan XSLT processor http www renderx com RenderX XEP XSL FO rendering engine The following file identities and versions were used in this manual manbase 20234503 xml 16 manbase 20234903 xm...

Страница 141: ......

Страница 142: ...graphy Center 16 Esquire Road North Billerica MA 01862 USA Tel 1 978 901 8000 Fax 1 978 901 8887 E mail marketing flir com Web www flir com FLIR Systems AB World Wide Thermography Center P O Box 3 SE...

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