45
44
EN
EN
In the event that the electrode tip in the TIG torch
melts off, it is necessary to precisely grind it into
a point and a quality cone according to the procedure
described in paragraph Maintenance and servicing.
•
ATTENTION
a) A welding current that is too low results in an
unstable welding arc.
b) A welding current that is too high damages
the tip of the electrode of the TIG torch, which
results in disharmonious arc burning.
c) Deficiencies caused by the incorrect guidance
of the TIG torch or incorrect addition of additio-
nal material from the filler rod.
BASIC SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
•
WARNING
y
When using a welding unit, the welder must use
a special welder‘s helmet equipped with welding
filters with darkness levels based on the set welding
current and based on the welding method used, as per
table 3 below. For eye protection during welding, it is
necessary to look through a welding helmet filter with
a corresponding filter darkness in DIN units. This infor-
mation must be shown on the helmet‘s welding filter.
When using a welding helmet with an auto-darkening
filter, the darkness of the filter is set using the manual
control element to the required darkness, otherwise
eye damage may result; in any case, the welding helmet
must have the necessary darkness range in DIN units.
The used welding helmet must meet the requirements
of valid standards and respective annexes, namely stan-
dards EN 175, EN 169, EN 166 respectively EN 379+A1
(this norm applies only for auto-darkening welding
filters), otherwise injury to the vision or face of the user
could result. Set/select the filter darkness intensity
based on the welding current according to the following
table 3. Never look into the location of the weld without
the required welding helmet with the required filter
darkness and prevent access to persons without required
protective equipment and access to animals. Do not use
damaged or worn out personal protective equipment,
e.g. a welding helmet with a cracked filter.
WELDING
PROCESS
WELDING CURRENT (A)
0.5
2.5
10
20
40
80
125 175 225 275 350 450
1
5
15
30
60
100 150 200 250 300 400 500
D
IN
9
-
16
SMAW
9
10
11
12
13
14
MIG (heavy)
10
11
12
13
14
MIG (light)
10
11
12
13
14
15
TIG, CTAW
9
10
11
12
13
14
MAG/CO
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
SAW
10
11
12
13
14
15
PAC
11
12
13
PAW
8 9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Table 3
SYMBOL EXPLANATIONS
y
SMAW
= Shielded metal arc welding (manual arc
welding with a coated electrode)
y
MIG (heavy)
= Metal inert gas welding (arc wel-
ding of heavy metals with an electrode in inert gas)
y
MIG (light)
= Metal inert gas welding (arc welding
of light alloys with an electrode in inert gas)
y
TIG, GTAW
= Tungsten inert gas, Gas tungsten arc wel-
ding (arc welding with tungsten electrode in inert gas)
y
MAG/CO
2
= Metal active gas (arc welding with mel-
ting electrode in active gas)
y
SAW
= Submerged arc welding
(automatic welding under flux)
y
PAC
= Plasma arc cutting
y
PAW
= Plasma arc welding
on the type of material being welded, the filler rod
can be purchased at a welding supply store. During
manual TIG welding, the welder holds the filler rod
in one hand and the TIG torch in the other, whilst
gently pushing the end of the filler rod into the
welding arc between the TIG torch electrode and the
welded material, by which the end of the filler rod is
melted and the welder self-regulates the amount of
material added to the welding puddle as necessary.
The TIG welding principle is described
in the following figure.
Fig. 4, TIG method principle
with the use of a filler rod
ceramic cup
collet
tungsten
electrode
filler rod
welding
puddle
welded material
electric
arc
argon
welded metal
(weld bead)
g) Assume a comfortable position, e.g. when sitting
down, place the electric cable with the hose for
the supply of el. current over your shoulder for
easier handling of the TIG torch with you hand
and to feel comfortable during work. Grasp the
TIG torch in your hand like a writing implement,
e.g. a pen. When adding melted metal into the
welding puddle, hold the filler rod in your other
hand similarly to that of a writing implement,
e.g. a pen. Put the welding helmet shield over
your face and with argon flowing, place the tip of
the TIG torch electrode on to the welded material.
Then lift the electrode 2-3 mm above the surface
to ignite the welding arc between the electrode
and the welded material. In the event that an arc
is not ignited, gently scratch the surface of the
surface of the welded material with the electrode
tip and then lift the electrode 2-3 mm off the sur-
face of the material. Once the arc is ignited, gent-
ly lead the TIG torch in the direction of the weld
line, whilst each time you move the torch, insert
the end of the filler rod into the welding arc to
melt it. The filler rod is, therefore, not constantly
inserted in the welding arc, but rather, must be
inserted during the movement of the TIG torch
to create a continuous weld bead from the added
material, by which the quality of the weld can be
affected. To prevent its oxidation, the melted end
of the filler rod must also be under the shielding
flow of gaseous argon. In the event that you will
use a filler rod when welding, it may be useful
to first pre-weld the weld line only with the TIG
torch without the additional material. This may
contribute to a better connection of the welded
material with additional material.
The following figure shows how the welding
torch and the filler rod are held during the TIG
welding process.
90
˚
45
˚
20 - 30˚
10 - 30
˚
15 - 40˚
10 - 30˚
Fig. 5
position w (PA)
position h (PB)
position s (PF)
h) After use, carefully disconnect the welding burner
from the welding current source and prevent it
from coming into contact with grounded parts.
This welding method requires a certain degree
of practice and personal experience with the
welding of various types of materials. There are
many illustrative videos on Youtube showing
how to weld using this method and the necessary
equipment and its preparation, for example an
excellent video with commentary in English is
„Welding Basics & How-to TIG Weld“ (part 1 and 2).
