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.
4. Rectal Temperature Risks: Rectal temperature should
only be considered as a good approximation of core tem-
perature when the patient’s thermal balance is stable, but
is not suitable during and after surgery,
5
and may be
misleading after antipyretics, physical exercise, or other
intervention that may change temperature quickly.
5. Axillary Temperature Risks: Based on strong evidence
cited by the NIH, “ axillary temperature is contraindicated
in critically ill adults, and its use in the general patient
population should be discouraged due to its unreliable
correlation with core temperature and its poor reproduci-
bility
.”
6
References:
1
Kuzucu EY. Measurement of temperature. Int Anesthesiol Clin, 3(3):435-49,
May, 1965
2
El-Radhi AS, Carroll JE. Fever in Paediatric Practice, Ch 2, pp 15-49, Ox-
ford Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994
3
Hughes WT et al. 1997 Guidelines for the use of antimicrobial agents in neu-
tropenic patients with unexplained fever. Infectious Diseases Society of
America (IDSA)
4
Tandberg D et al. Effect of tachypnea on the estimation of body temperature
by an oral thermometer.
NE J Med , 308, 945-46,1983
5
O’Grady NP, Barie PS, Bartlett JG, et al. Practice guidelines for evaluating
new fever in critically ill adult patients. Task Force of the Society of Critical
Care Medicine and the Infectious Diseases Society of America.
Clin Infect Dis
1998 May: 26(5):1042-59
6
Houdas Y, et al. Human body temperature. Ch 5, p89, Plenum Press, 1982,
USA, UK
Clinical Information
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