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Forgotten Physiology

Your Temperature

Normal Temperature

Normal human temperature is

around 98.6 degrees. But did

you know that only 8% of the

people in the world have a

normal temperature of exactly

98.6?
A temperature that is normal

for you may even be a whole

degree or so above or below

“normal.” It is good to know

what is normal for you. Try

taking your temperature at

different times, like in the

morning, after a cold shower, or

after a five-mile hike.

Fever

Fever is when your body’s

temperature control is set

above normal. Fever is a sign

that your body is fighting off

an infection. It is thought that

fever does two things. When

Hot Blood or Cold Blood?

A frog in a 70 degree pond is a

70 degree frog. A frog in a 40

degree pond is a 40 degree

frog, and is moving very slowly,

if at all.

A kid in a 70 degree pond is a

98 degree kid. A kid in a 40

degree pond is still a 98 degree

kid, although you can bet he’s

swimming as fast as he can to

get out.

One difference between kids

and frogs is the difference

between warm-blooded and

cold-blooded beings. People

have automatic climate control

inside their bodies. Their

the temperature rises, the

body’s chemical actions speed

up so that damaged tissues can

be repaired more quickly. Also,

virus or bacteria invaders don’t

survive well at high tempera-

tures. Perhaps fever is the

body’s attempt to cook them

into submission.

Chills

You have a high temperature

and cold skin. You are hot

inside, but still you shiver.

Chills are your body’s way of

creating a fever. The muscle

action from shivering produces

heat, which raises your tem-

perature in an effort to fight

off infection. When the crisis

is over, your temperature is set

back to normal, the skin warms,

and you sweat.

bodies keep them at an even

temperature by carefully

controlling the rate of burning

in their cells.

Cold blooded creatures have no

internal temperature control.

Their rate of metabolism is

determined by their

environ-

ment. When the outside

temperature drops way down, all

their body processes slow way

down.

Humans and all mammals are

souped-up hot-blooded beings.

Their metabolisms are speedy,

but are kept at an even keel.

So no matter what the tem-

perature is outside, the climate

on the inside is ever warm and

ready for action.

Exerpts from Blood and Guts: A Working Guide to Your Own Insides, Allison L, Katz D. , Little, Brown and Company, Boston, New York, Toronto, London

112

-114

Cells begin t

Cells begin to b

o b

o bur

urn up

n up

103

-104

Har

ard exer

d exer

d exercise

cise

-100

”

Nooooorrrrrmal

mal

”

101

Excit

Excitement

ement

Sooooome

me activ

activ

active kids

e kids

106

Danger

anger

angerooooous f

us f

us fev

ever

-97

Cold weather o

ld weather o

ld weather orrrrr

Ear

Early mo

ly mo

ly morrrrrning

ning

LLooooower limit of s

wer limit of s

wer limit of surviv

urviv

urvival

Frogs are cold blooded,

meaning that their

temperature changes

depending on

where

they

are.

Содержание LXTA-5000

Страница 1: ...e A kinder gentler way to take temperature A kinder gentler way to take temperature A kinder gentler way to take temperature A kinder gentler way to take temperature Models LXTA TAT 5000 and TAT 4000 Reference Manual EXERGEN TemporalScannerTM ...

Страница 2: ...roduct Map Product Map Probe Cone Probe Lens ON Button Automatic turn off in 15 seconds LED Display Screen Battery Compartment 9 volt battery Battery Compartment Door 9 Volt Battery Compartment Door Screw ...

Страница 3: ... poral Ar poral Ar poral Ar poral Art t t t ter er er er ery y y y y The TAT method was developed in response to the clinical requirements for a truly non inva sive accurate method of thermometry Oral thermometry is subject to many artifactual errors rectal temperature meets with strong resistance from patients parents and even many clini cians Ear thermometers although convenient are sensitive to...

Страница 4: ...ions 10 13 Disposable Cover Options 13 Accessories 13 Guidelines for Patient Temperature Assessment Comparing with other methods of thermometry 14 15 Determining a Fever Threshold 16 Body Sites for Temperature Assessment An overview of temperature measuring sites 17 18 Reproducibility in Temperature Measurement 19 Forgotten Physiology 20 21 For Kids Only 22 Care and Maintenance of the Instrument 2...

Страница 5: ...btaining the correct temperature since there are temperature gradients present not only inside the body but across the entire surface of the body The object of scanning is to capture the highest temperature the peak in the area being scanned As long as the button is depressed the thermometer will be continually sampling and recording the highest temperature it measures Test it first on your hand t...

Страница 6: ...line over the TA area the TA is less than 2mm below skin surface whereas as the TA winds down the side of the face it is further from the skin surface Although anatomically correct sliding downwards could result in falsely low readings It is preferable to hold the instrument sideways as illustrated in Figure 2 Approaching your patient with the instrument straight up and down could be somewhat inti...

Страница 7: ... 3 3 Lift probe from forehead and touch on the neck just behind the ear lobe 4 4 4 4 4 Release the button read and record temperature Alt Alt Alt Alt Alternat ernat ernat ernat ernate sit e sit e sit e sit e sites when T es when T es when T es when T es when TA or BE are una A or BE are una A or BE are una A or BE are una A or BE are unav v v v vailable ailable ailable ailable ailable F F F F Femo...

Страница 8: ...d int orehead into the hair line o the hair line o the hair line o the hair line o the hair line 3 Lif Lif Lif Lif Lift pr t pr t pr t pr t probe fr obe fr obe fr obe fr obe from f om f om f om f om forehead orehead orehead orehead orehead Brush hair a Brush hair a Brush hair a Brush hair a Brush hair aw w w w wa a a a ay if co y if co y if co y if co y if cov v v v vering ear ering ear ering ear ...

Страница 9: ...e to o o o ow w w w war ar ar ar ards cent ds cent ds cent ds cent ds center er er er er of f of f of f of f of forehead orehead orehead orehead orehead 3 R 3 R 3 R 3 R 3 Release butt elease butt elease butt elease butt elease button remo on remo on remo on remo on remov v v v ve fr e fr e fr e fr e from head and recor om head and recor om head and recor om head and recor om head and record d d d ...

Страница 10: ...rding the highest temperature measured peak during the course of the measurement The TemporalScanner emits nothing it only senses the natural thermal radiation emitted from the skin How accurate is it It has been clinically proven in premier university hospitals to be more accurate than ear thermometry and better tolerated than rectal thermometry It is a superior method for patient and clinician a...

Страница 11: ...lScanner compare to our old method Arterial temperature is close to rectal temperature approximately 0 8 F 0 4ºC higher than oral temps Expect larger differences at times however as the dynamics of thermoregula tion favor the temporal artery method High readings Temperatures measured with the TemporalScanner may be higher than your current method especially if you are used to oral or axillary temp...

Страница 12: ...e If the up side is not the side closest to you try scanning from the hairline towards the center of the forehead Scan slowly across the TA area if you scan too quickly you can miss the peak Conditions that could affect a reading Bandages or pressure dressings covering the forehead Forehead abrasions burns or sweat Agitated or combative patient Patient s forehead in direct draft from vent or fan a...

Страница 13: ...s er Options er Options er Options Model Illustrat Model Illustrat Model Illustrat Model Illustrat Model Illustrated LXT ed LXT ed LXT ed LXT ed LXTA T A T A T A T A TA A A A AT T T T T 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 No Co No Co No Co No Co No Cov v v v ver er er er er Terminal Cleaning at Patient No Co No Co No Co No Co No Cov v v v ver er er er er Disinfectant Wipe Between Patients Pr Pr Pr Pr Probe W...

Страница 14: ...al resting conditions Arterial 97 4 100 1 F 36 3 37 8 C Oral 96 6 99 5ºF 35 9 37 5 C Esophageal 98 4 100 0ºF 36 9 37 8 C Rectal 97 7 100 3ºF 36 5 37 9 C Oronasal 96 6 99 0ºF 35 9 37 2ºC Axillary 95 5 98 8 F 35 3 37 1 C Normal Body Temperature BT Normal BT is not a single temperature but a range of temperatures influenced by age time of day and the measurement site General Rule of Thumb On a stable...

Страница 15: ...T perature T perature T perature TA A A A AT V T V T V T V T Values alues alues alues alues On a stable resting patient TAT is 0 8 F 0 4 C higher than an optimum oral temperature and close to a rectal temperature 7 However during febrile episodes the difference can be much higher mainly because of the artifacts of oral and rectal sites Note If your temporal artery thermometer is marked ArterialOra...

Страница 16: ...s oints oints Temperatures measured with temporal artery thermometry may be higher than normally seen with other clinical methods and therefore require an adjustment in both protocol and perception No one value can apply to every temperature measurement site Note this old rule of thumb Rectal temperature is 1 F higher than oral temperature and 2 F higher than axillary temperature Recommended thres...

Страница 17: ...erature perature perature Generally rectal temperature is considered an indicator of deep tissue and critical tissue temperatures but long standing data demonstrate that rectal temperature can be a lagging and unsatisfactory index Fifty years ago Eichna et al reported differences between intracardiac intravascular and rectal temperatures on afebrile patients to be so insignificant that for all pra...

Страница 18: ...ent at the ear as a tympanic thermometer Although the terms tympanic and ear may be used interchangeably they actually describe quite different measurements T T T T True T rue T rue T rue T rue Tym ym ym ym ympanic Membrane T panic Membrane T panic Membrane T panic Membrane T panic Membrane Tem em em em emperature perature perature perature perature The tympanic membrane is deep inside the skull a...

Страница 19: ...e perature perature perature The journals abound with citations addressing the lack of reproducibility of ear thermometers In fact some manufactureres instruct the user to take three separate temperature measurements and to select the highest of the three While much of this has to do with the device physiology also plays a large part In such a small area the difference of 30 F 17 C between the roo...

Страница 20: ...em perature in an effort to fight off infection When the crisis is over your temperature is set back to normal the skin warms and you sweat bodies keep them at an even temperature by carefully controlling the rate of burning in their cells Cold blooded creatures have no internal temperature control Their rate of metabolism is determined by their environ ment When the outside temperature drops way ...

Страница 21: ...e is a lot of cooling going on when you are sweating both inside and out it is a good idea to wait till your forehead is dry before taking your temperature with the TemporalScanner If your forehead is sweaty the reading will be low Drying your forehead could shorten the wait but there is another place to measure an accurate temperature when perspiring It is in the little soft depression just behin...

Страница 22: ... of ways to do that Most of the time a temperature in your mouth is about 98 6 F Well sort of Your ears Now we re down to ears And please pardon us ears beat rears But having your ear pulled sure isn t fun and when you have an ear infection it even hurts Tempera ture taken in your ear should be higher than in your mouth but not as high as in your rear Your heart If we were to pick the best place t...

Страница 23: ...ud ing bleach and can even be gas or plasma sterilized With normal use the only maintenance required is to keep the lens on the end of the probe clean It is made of a special mirror like infra red transmitting material However dirt greasy films or moisture on the lens will interfere with the passage of infrared heat and affect the accuracy of the instrument If necessary clean the lens with a cotto...

Страница 24: ...t shown on the drawing directly below and to the left of the battery and push in to activate While pressing the little switch slide your finger around the other side of the instrument and turn the instru ment on by pressing the red button To return to the original setting repeat the process D D D D DISPLA ISPLA ISPLA ISPLA ISPLAY Y Y Y Y D D D D DIA IA IA IA IAGNOS GNOS GNOS GNOS GNOSTICS TICS TIC...

Страница 25: ...he laboratory or a 9 volt battery for portable use on the nursing floors There are two ways to use the portable blackbody to verify the calibration accuracy of the thermometer in question either 1 with a certified master reference infrared thermometer or 2 by using two identical thermometers as a reference against the one in question Specifications LXTA TAT 5000 LXTA TAT 5000 LXTA TAT 5000 LXTA TA...

Страница 26: ...perture opening comparing the readings Using a Cer Using a Cer Using a Cer Using a Cer Using a Certif tif tif tif tified Mast ied Mast ied Mast ied Mast ied Master R er R er R er R er Ref ef ef ef efer er er er er ence Thermome ence Thermome ence Thermome ence Thermome ence Thermomet t t t ter in a P er in a P er in a P er in a P er in a Por or or or ortable table table table table Blackbody t Bla...

Страница 27: ...e Approximately 1 hour continuous use Low Voltage Indicator Low Voltage Indicator Low Voltage Indicator Low Voltage Indicator Red LED shuts off when battery voltage drops below 5 volts Temperature Range Temperature Range Temperature Range Temperature Range 97 104 F 36 40 C Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning Cleaning Wipe down with alcohol or any hospital approved disinfectant Do not immerse R R R R Repair...

Страница 28: ...28 EXERGEN Straight From the Heart p n 818528 r1 EXERGEN CORPORATION 51 WATER STREET WATERTOWN MA 02472 PH 617 923 9900 www exergen com ...

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