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Human infection with ascarid eggs takes place by contact of
the human body with contaminated water, unwashed fruit or
vegetables or from unwashed hands.
Pathogenesis. Mature eggs swallowed by a human turn into
larvae in the small intestine, and they penetrate the intestinal
wall, enter the blood capillaries and then migrate through the
bloodstream to the liver and lungs. In addition to the intestine,
liver and lungs, ascarid larvae are also occasionally found in the
brain, eye and other organs. They feed on blood serum and
erythrocytes. In the lungs, the larva actively enter the alveoli
and move to the oropharynx where sputum is swallowed with
larvae. Once in the intestine, the larvae reach maturity within
70-75 days, when the female will lay eggs. The life expectan-
cy of adult ascarids is up to one year, after which it dies and
is excreted together with the feces. Therefore, the presence of
ascarids in one person for several years is only explained by re-
infection.
The symptoms of early-phase clinical manifestations of as-
cariasis caused by ascarid larvae migration in the bloodstream
are diverse. Moderate infection at this stage is often asymp-
tomatic.
In the event of mass infection, there is general weakness,
malaise, headache, fatigue, and the appearance of itchy rashes
on the skin, such as urticaria. Less commonly, there is pulmo-
nary pathology in the form of a cough with phlegm, and with
an asthmatic component, shortness of breath and chest pain.
The second, intestinal phase of ascariasis most often occurs
with mild symptoms: dyspeptic disorders (unstable stools, pain
in the parumbilical area), weight loss, neurasthenia, and dimin-
ished work capacity.