51
Note 5
The active powers are positive for power consumed and negative for
power generated.
Note 6
The signs of the active and reactive powers and power factor are
defined by the four-quadrant rule:
The diagram below sums up the signs of the power as a function of the
phase angle between V and I:
Quadrant 1: Active power P
sign + (power consumed)
Quadrant 2: Active power P
sign - (power generated)
Quadrant 3: Active power P
sign - (power generated)
Quadrant 4: Active power P
sign + (power consumed)
Note (7)
In balanced three-phases, with deformed signals (THD and
harmonics), uncertainties are guaranteed since
Ф
> 30°. Additional
errors are following, depending of THD:
Add +1% for 10% < THD < 20%
Add +3% for 20% < THD < 30%
Add +5% for 30% < THD < 40%
Consumed
Generated
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