Glossary
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Protocol
A set of rules that govern the transmission of data across a network. Examples of
protocols are FTP, DHCP, BOOTP, RARP, IPP, and TCP/IP.
Proxy server
A server that provides a cache of files available on remote servers that are slow or
expensive to access. The term “proxy server” normally refers to a World Wide Web server
that, on receiving a URL, tries to supply the requested file from its cache. If it cannot
locate the file there, the proxy server would bring it from the remote server and also save
a copy in its cache so that the next request can be obtained locally.
RARP
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol. A protocol that associates a network adapter
address (MAC address) with an Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Raster
Raster graphics describes an image as a pattern of dots, compared to vector graphics
which represents an image as a geometrical formula. Each row of color dots in the mosaic
of color dots constitutes one raster graphic. In a printer, a raster graphic is used as the
master image from which a page is printed, because the image can be transferred to
paper by printing one raster at a time.
Raw
This is a print application used with Windows 2000/XP. It can print at higher speeds than
LPD.
RIP (Raster Image Processor)
The hardware and/or software functions of a printer that convert vector graphic
descriptions from a computer into raster graphic images that can be printed.
Scope ID
The Scope ID is a character string value that is appended to the NetBIOS name, and is
used for all NetBIOS over TCP/IP communications. It provides a way for a computer to
communicate only with others sharing the same Scope ID.
SMB
Server Message Block. A protocol that provides file and printer sharing over a network for
Windows computers.
Source Routing
Normally, a host has no control over the route taken by a packet it sends. Source routing is
a technique whereby the sender of a packet can specify the route that a packet should
take through the network to its destination.
Spooling
Simultaneous Peripheral Operations On-Line. Spooling means putting jobs in a buffer,
which is a special area in memory or on a disk. Because devices access data at different
