Real-Time I/Q Baseband Generator User’s and Programming Guide
6-11
ESG Family Signal Generators
Theory of Operation
Options UN8 and 202
Understanding Differential Encoding
Understanding Differential Encoding
Differential encoding is a digital-encoding technique whereby a binary value is denoted by
a signal change rather than a particular signal state. Using differential encoding, binary
data in any user-defined I/Q or FSK modulation can be encoded during the modulation
process via symbol table offsets defined in the Differential State Map.
For example, consider the signal generator’s default 4QAM I/Q modulation. (To see an I/Q
State Map of this modulation, press
Mode
>
Real Time BaseBand
(if this key appears) >
Custom
>
Modulation Type
>
Define User I/Q
>
Load Default I/Q Map
>
QAM
>
4QAM
.) With a
user-defined modulation based on the default 4QAM template, the I/Q State Map contains
data that represent 4 symbols (00, 01, 10, and 11) mapped into the I/Q plane using 2
distinct values, 1.000000 and -1.000000. These 4 symbols can be differentially encoded
during the modulation process by assigning symbol table offset values associated with
each data value. The following illustration shows the 4QAM modulation in the I/Q State
Map table editor.
NOTE
The number of bits per symbol can be expressed using the following formula.
Because the equation is a ceiling function, if the value of x contains a fraction,
x is rounded up to the next whole number.
Where x = bits per symbol, and y = the number of differential states.
The following illustration shows a 4QAM modulation I/Q State Map. (To see the map on
the signal generator, press
Mode
>
Real Time BaseBand
(if this key appears) >
Custom
>
Modulation Type
>
Define User I/Q
>
Load Default I/Q Map
>
QAM
>
4QAM
>
Display I/Q Map
.)
Содержание ESG series
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