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3.3V/5V pin and GND pin are commonly known as power and ground pins. The
power and ground pins allow your Raspberry Pi to power some external components,
such as LED lights. It should be noted that before using these pins to power any
external modules or components, care should be taken. Excessive operating current or
peak voltage may damage the Raspberry Pi. Do not use voltages greater than 5V!
(3) SDA and SCL pins
The SDA and SCL pins constitute the I2C interface. I2C is a simple, bidirectional
two-wire synchronous serial bus developed by Philips. It only requires two wires to
transfer information between devices connected to the bus. The Raspberry Pi can
control multiple sensors and components through the I2C interface. Their
communication is done through SDA (data pin) and SCL (clock speed pin). Each
slave device has a unique address, allowing rapid communication with many devices.
The ID_EEPROM pin is also an I2C protocol, which is used to communicate with
HATs.
(4) SCLK, MOSI and MISO pins
SCLK, MOSI and MISO pins form the SPI interface. SPI is a serial peripheral
interface, used to control components with a master-slave relationship, and works in a
slave-in, master-out and master-in-slave manner. The SPI on the Raspberry Pi consists
of SCLK, MOSI, and MISO interfaces, and SCLK is used for controlling data speed,
MOSI sends data from the Raspberry Pi to the connected device, while MISO does
the opposite.
(5) TXD and RXD pins
TXD and RXD form a UART interface. TXD is a pin to send data, and RXD is a
pin to receive data. A friend who uses Arduino must have heard of UART or Serial.
The Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter interface is used to connect the
Arduino to the computer for which it is programmed. It is also used for
communication between other devices and the RX and TX pins. If the Raspberry Pi
has a serial terminal enabled in raspi-config, you can use these pins to control the