background image

KODEN ELECTRONICS CO.,LTD. 

5278 UENOHARA, UENOHARA-MACHI,KITATSURU-GUN,
YAMANASHI, 409-0112, JAPAN 
TEL: +81 554 20 5865 
FAX: +81 554 20 5880 
 

http://www.koden-electronics.co.jp/ 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

OPERATION MANUAL 

COLOR RADAR 

MDC-3560P/3510P 

93142002-02

PRINTED IN JAPAN 

Summary of Contents for MDC-3510P

Page 1: ...CO LTD 5278 UENOHARA UENOHARA MACHI KITATSURU GUN YAMANASHI 409 0112 JAPAN TEL 81 554 20 5865 FAX 81 554 20 5880 http www koden electronics co jp OPERATION MANUAL COLOR RADAR MDC 3560P 3510P 93142002 02 PRINTED IN JAPAN ...

Page 2: ......

Page 3: ......

Page 4: ...ied in the document only the document number of the relevant sheet s and cover sheet are modified and the rest of the sheets are not changed The document number is shown in the footer area right or left bottom of each sheet c 2002 Koden Electronics Co Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced transmitted translated in any form by any means without the written permission...

Page 5: ...power density levels below 100 W m2 cause no significant RF hazard Distance vs specified RF Power Density Level Power antenna length 100 W m2 10 W m2 6 KW 4 ft Aerial 1 09 m 3 46 m 6 KW 6 ft Aerial 1 30 m 4 10 m 12KW 4 ft Aerial 1 55 m 4 89 m 12 KW 6 ft Aerial 1 84 m 5 81 m Dangerous HIGH voltage inside Life threatening high voltage is present in the antenna and display units This high voltage may...

Page 6: ...t an electrical injury due to erroneous power switching make sure that the main power supply and the system power switch are both OFF Also attach a safety label showing that service is in progress Avoid inhaling dust The dust could be a temporary health hazard When cleaning inside of the equipment avoid inhaling the dust Avoid static electricity Take care not to damage the ESDs Electrostatic Sensi...

Page 7: ...h Voltage mark Prohibition mark To handle the equipment ignoring this sign may lead to fatal damage or injury to human body Warning To handle the equipment ignoring this sign may lead to injury to human body or damage to the equipment Alarm To handle the equipment ignoring this sign may lead to electrical shock to human body This sign indicates that a specified action is prohibited The prohibited ...

Page 8: ... as follows Chapter 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS Leading features and characteristics Equipment category MED certification System configuration detailing inter unit connections unit type name Software type name and version Chapter 2 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED Standard equipment list Spare parts list Installation material list Optional items list Chapter 3 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Antenna specification Display s...

Page 9: ...s including Gyro Log Serial Format selection Trail Off center Mode etc DISPLAY ITEM SELECT MENU for creating selecting and displaying the navigation line data and map data Chapter 7 GRAPHIC DISPLAYS Selecting NAVELINE and MAP Registering or modifying the NAVLINE data Registering or modifying the MAP data Registering or modifying the MARK data Chapter 8 TROUBLE SHOOTING AND ON BOARD SERVICING Fault...

Page 10: ...RAL DESCRIPTIONS 93142002 02 Contents CHAPTER 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTIONS CONTENTS Page No 1 1 Outline of the equipment 1 1 1 2 Equipment category 1 1 1 3 EMC compliance statement 1 1 1 4 System configuration 1 1 1 5 Software type name used 1 2 ...

Page 11: ...se The transceiver unit is contained in a waterproof aluminum case The display unit has a drip proof cabinet made of aluminum and has a 180 mm diameter effective screen shown on the 14 inch diagonal color Cathode Ray Tube 1 2 Equipment category The MDC 3560P 3510P series of radar is composed of the component units in the following categories specified in the IEC 60945 3rd edition Para 4 4 Antenna ...

Page 12: ...er RB717AP 6 kW Display Unit MRD 98P MDC 3510P Component Unit Sub unit Type name Antenna Unit Not assigned Aerial 4 foot RW701A 04 Aerial 6 foot RW701A 06 Transceiver RB718AP 12 kW Display Unit MRD 98P 1 5 Software type name used The MDC 3560P 3510P series of radar uses the following type of software Software Type Application KM D20D Radar logic board KM D07B ATA MRE 240 KM 751 Gyro Log Interface ...

Page 13: ...UNIT Type MRD 98P ANTENNA UNIT Type RB717AP 6 kW or Type RB718AP 12 kW AERIAL Type RW701A 04 4ft or RW701A 06 6ft TRANSCEIVER Unit Gyro Log Interface Type KSA 08 Bearing Signal LOG Signal Power Supply 11 40 VDC Figure 1 1 System configuration of MDC 3560P MDC 3510P series of radar Connecting Cable Type 242J159098B 15M Length 15 m DC Power cable Type CW 89 3M Length 3 m AC DC Rectifier Type PS 010 ...

Page 14: ...Series Chapter 2 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED 93142002 02 Contents CHAPTER 2 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED CONTENTS Page No 2 1 Standard equipment list 2 1 2 2 Spare parts list 2 2 2 3 Installation material list 2 2 2 4 Optional items 2 2 ...

Page 15: ...Not specified 1 set 9 Installation materials M12 BOLT KIT See installation material list Not specified 1 set 10 Documents 93142002 Operation manual Not specified 1 MDC 3510P No Item name Type name Remark Weight length Q ty 1 Aerial RW701A 04 06 4 ft 6 ft 6 kg 8 kg 1 2 Transceiver unit RB718AP 12 kW 17 kg 1 3 Display unit MRD 98P 23 kg 1 4 Hood MRH 170 Not specified 1 5 Gyro Log Interface KSA 08 Bu...

Page 16: ...tapping screw TPT5X20U 6 Display unit 2 Hexagonal bolt B12X55U 4 Antenna unit 3 Nut N12U 8 Antenna unit 4 Plain washer 2W12U 8 Antenna unit 5 Spring washer SW12U 4 Antenna unit 2 4 Optional items MDC 3560P 3510P Common use No Description Rating Remark Weight length Q ty 1 ATA MRE 240 Built into the display unit Not specified CW 153A 5M With 6 pin connector 5 m CW 154A 5M One end with a 6 pin conne...

Page 17: ...ECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CONTENTS Page No 3 1 Antenna specification 3 1 3 2 Display specification 3 1 3 3 ATA Specification Option 3 2 3 4 Serial data and sentence used 3 2 3 5 Power Supply 3 3 3 6 Compass Safe Distance 3 3 3 7 Environmental specification 3 3 3 8 Mechanical specification 3 4 ...

Page 18: ...MHz S M1 3 MHz M2 L Noise figure Better than 6 dB Operation in wind 100 knots as relative Water proofing grade IPX6 IEC60529 3 2 Display specification Picture tube 14 inch high resolution color CRT Effective diameter 182 mm Resolution 688 x 512 pixels Video level 8 levels Presentation mode Head up north up course up and true motion Range scale NM 1 8 1 4 1 2 3 4 1 5 3 6 12 24 48 64 6 kW 72 12 kW R...

Page 19: ...d whichever is the greater Bearing data accuracy 1o maximum Navigation data display Data of own ship s position latitude longitude 3 3 ATA Specification Option Acquisition Manual Tracking Automatic Number of targets tracked Up to 10 targets Numerical data output Distance bearing speed CPA and TCPA Alarm Collision alarm and lost alarm On screen display Symbols acquired target tracked target target ...

Page 20: ... 63 Hz Input Power 220 W 3 6 Compass Safe Distance Component Unit Type Name Standard Steering Antenna RB717AP RW701A 04 1 4 m 0 95 m RB717AP RW701A 06 1 4 m 0 95 m RB718AP RW701A 04 1 4 m 0 95 m RB718AP RW701A 06 1 4 m 0 95 m Display MRD 98P 1 55 m 0 75 m 3 7 Environmental specification To the requirements of IEC 60945 3rd Edition The measure environmental specifications are as follows 1 Temperatu...

Page 21: ...sions W Width x Depth x Height Unit in mm Weight Unit in kg Antenna 322 x 390 x 450 23 kg for 4ft system 25 kg for 6ft system Aerial Swing circle 1346 for 4 ft 1970 for 6 ft Display 355 x 470 x 430 23 kg Antenna unit Display unit Unit in mm inch Figure 3 1 External dimensions of the Antenna and Display units ...

Page 22: ...le routing and connections 4 2 4 5 1 Antenna 4 2 4 5 2 Display 4 2 4 6 Installation procedure 4 3 4 6 1 Installing the Transceiver Unit 4 3 4 6 2 Fitting the Aerial 4 4 4 6 3 Connecting the cable 4 5 4 6 4 Installing the Display Unit 4 6 4 6 5 Connecting the cable to the Display Unit 4 7 4 7 Setting up after installation 4 8 4 7 1 Transmission timing 4 8 4 7 2 Ship s heading setup 4 9 4 7 3 Settin...

Page 23: ...package If not report this to the insurance agent for tracing missing goods or refund 4 3 Inspection of each component unit and accessories Carefully check the exterior of each component unit for dents damage etc Also check the inside of component units for electrical and mechanical damage The Cathode Ray Tube is a fragile item which is easily broken if the display unit is accidentally dropped 4 4...

Page 24: ...a safe distance from the magnetic compass standard 1 55 m steering 0 75 m 4 5 Cable routing and connections 4 5 1 Antenna 1 The cable connecting the antenna and display should be run separately away from other cables such as radio antenna feeders power cables etc Under no circumstances should it be in parallel arrangement with other cables These precautions are essential to avoid radio interferenc...

Page 25: ...stall the antenna unit 1 Drill four fixing holes of 14 mm diameter on the fitting surface of a radar platform as shown in Figure 4 1 2 Fit the transceiver unit on the position and fix it using the 12 mm stainless bolts prepared as installation materials Figure 4 2 Details of the base fixing Fix with four screws Double nuts Spring washer Washer M12 Hexagonal bolt Platform Antenna base Figure 4 1 Pl...

Page 26: ...ase Orient the aerial front face the company logo printed on it to the direction to which two arrow marks on the rotating base point 3 Fix the aerial with four bolts attached to the aerial base Figure 4 3 Fitting the aerial onto the rotating base Figure 4 4 Detail of fixing point on the aerial Aperture Aerial Rotating base Arrow Mark Protection cap Rotating base Plain Spring Fixing Bolt ...

Page 27: ...it 5 Slide the rubber sealing washer and retainer plate onto the cable 6 Fix the cable retainer plate over the dressed braid using three fixing bolts 7 Fix the antenna cable with the cable clamp 8 Connect the antenna cable to the Modulator PCB Refer to the interconnection diagram for detail Figure 4 4 Connecting the cable to the antenna TR unit fixing bolts Remove these connectors Fixing bolt Fixi...

Page 28: ...installation material 4 Fit the display unit on the base mount to allow the display unit to sit in position and fix it with 2 stainless bolts which were removed in step 1 ANTENNA UNIT DISPLAY UNIT P1 PX Description Color No No Color Description 250V Violet 1 1 Violet 250V NC NA 2 2 Blue 24V GND Yellow 3 3 Orange Larger 12V 40V Red Larger 4 4 Yellow GND 40V Yellow Larger 5 5 Braid DATA RTN 40V RTN ...

Page 29: ...1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pin assignment on Data Connector Top view DATA 1 DATA 2 3 No 1 NC No 1 NC No 2 TX D No 2 NC N0 3 GND No 3 NC No 4 RX D No 4 RX D No 5 RTN No 5 RTN No 6 NC No 6 NC Data connector pin assignment Gyro Log Connections SYNC STEP S1 X X S2 X X S3 X X R1 X NC R2 X NC COM NC X GND Frame ground LOG 1 Mechanical contact signal LOG 2 Mechanical contact signal LOG 3 Photo coupler signal inpu...

Page 30: ...strate the result of the setting whether it is properly adjusted or not To effectively perform this setting find an appropriate nearby object that is straight across from your radar Carry out the following procedure to set up the proper transmission delay time 1 Highlight the figure next to the DELAY item and press the ENT key to set up the selection ready status 2 Press the Joystick towards the r...

Page 31: ...haracteristic that varies depending on the height of the radar antenna from the sea level The variable range of the figure is from 0 to 8 which does not represent an actual height but is an index of the characteristic law Select the most suited figure while the radar picture is shown 4 7 4 Performance Monitor initial setup CAL MENU PM TUNE A calibration of the performance monitor must be made when...

Page 32: ...3142002 02 Example of Performance Monitor Bar Graph is shown below which is applicable to the RX TX and SYSTEM bar graphs When calibrated If degraded by 10 dB 5 10 15 20 0 Unit in dB 5 10 15 20 0 Figure 4 8 Bar graph display shown for Performance Monitor ...

Page 33: ...right side of the display unit using the four 3 mm fixing screws prepared in the MRE 240 kit 2 Make the following connections between Main Logic PCB E40 7000 and MRE 240 Refer to the figure below for the cable harness routings From To Cable Harness W 2 P3 J502 MRE 240 W 2 J1 MRE 240 J3 Main Logic W 10 J2 MRE 240 J2 Main Logic W 11 Main Logic PCB E40 7000 ATA Module MRE 240 J2 J1 J3 J2 Wire Harness...

Page 34: ... 5 6 Bearing measurement using a single EBL 5 11 5 5 7 Bearing measurement using two EBLs 5 11 5 5 8 Range measurement using Range Rings 5 12 5 5 9 Range measurement using VRM 5 12 5 5 10 Range measurement with two VRMs 5 12 5 5 11 Measuring the distance and bearing between any two points by offset EBL1 VRM1 5 12 5 5 12 Picture off centering 5 13 5 5 13 Selection of presentation mode 5 13 5 5 14 S...

Page 35: ... switches are grouped for respective functions Figure 5 1 Control panel layout 5 3 OPERATING CONTROLS All necessary radar controls and functional settings can be made on the display control panel For fundamental radar operations such as turning on and off the radar transmit range change gain control anti clutter rain and sea controls the respective dedicated controls and key switches are provided ...

Page 36: ...ansmission switch To temporarily stop the transmission press the STBY TX key again The system returns to standby mode The RANGE key changes the range scale A press of the key or key increases or decreases the range scale respectively The SP LP key is used to change the transmission pulse length to either long or short Default is a standard pulse length Subsequent pressing of the key toggles the pu...

Page 37: ...ovides a preset Anti clutter sea effect optimized for narrow areas The second press introduces the Automatic STC that provides a hands free Anti clutter sea effect A subsequent press of the control changes the mode display to HARBOR SEA AUTO and SEA MANUAL in sequence In the Harbor and Auto Anti clutter Sea modes the manual control is disabled The RAIN control is used to reduce the clutter echo fr...

Page 38: ...lel Index Line PI feature are selected this key is used to select these markers in the following cyclic order First press First VRM Second press Second VRM Third press Parallel Cursor Subsequent press of the key repeats the above steps To select the second VRM press and hold the HL OFF key and press the VRM ON OFF key To erase the second VRM press and hold the HL key and press the VRM ON OFF key T...

Page 39: ...re to the screen center A press of the MAP key allows the MAP to be shown A further press of the key turns it off the map on the screen The DATA DISP key is used to show navigational information on the upper right corner of the screen Every press of the key displays the following information in sequence First press Own ship s course and speed data Second press Own ship s position obtained from LOR...

Page 40: ... with the TARGET key to cancel a plotted target For detail refer to Para 6 1 16 Operation of EPA or Para 6 1 17 Using ATA The ACQ key is used in the EPA ATA function in conjunction with the TARGET key to acquire a target for tracking For detail refer to Para 6 1 16 Operation of EPA or Para 6 1 17 Using ATA The TARGET key is used in the EPA ATA function to assign the target number to acquire delete...

Page 41: ...vel Refer to Figure 5 2 for possible screen presentation HL OFF AUDIO OFF MENU ENT The HL OFF key is used to momentarily remove the Heading Line from the screen When the key is pressed and held the Heading Line will be removed and when released it appears again The AUDIO OFF key is used to temporarily turn off the audio alarm A press of the key will silence the alarm The MENU key is used to displa...

Page 42: ...ction of presentation mode Guard Zone Alarm Control panel brilliance All available screen presentations are shown in Figure 5 2 and respective meanings are given under the illustration 5 5 1 Range scale selection A press of the RANGE or RANGE key will increase or decrease the range scale by step 5 5 2 Transmission Pulse selection Press the SP LP key if required to change the pulse length according...

Page 43: ...12 34 NM UNRELIABLE PLOT DATA LIMIT CPA 2 80 NM TCPA MIN 15 16 19 20 17 18 o 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9 11 12 13 14 21 No Descriptions 11 VRM No 1 No 2 distance data 12 Parallel Index Line interval 13 Parallel Index Line bearing 14 EBL No 1 No 2 bearing data 15 TX Frequency Band display 16 Electronic Buzzer status 17 Picture Enhancement status ON 18 Interference Rejection status 19 TX Pulse length statu...

Page 44: ...control as appropriate to your operational needs As a standard setting turn the GAIN control clockwise to 3 4 of the full excursion This provides slight noise speckles on the mid ranges and adequate speckles on the long ranges To set the auto gain mode press the top end of the GAIN control The receiver gain will be automatically set and the manual gain control will accordingly become inactive 5 5 ...

Page 45: ... you press the control When first turned on the anti clutter RAIN function is defaulted to manual mode To set the auto RAIN clutter control press the control knob The clutter echo from rain or snow will be reduced automatically and the manual rain clutter control will become inactive 5 5 6 Bearing measurement using a single EBL 1 Press the EBL ON OFF key to show EBL on the screen The EBL will be d...

Page 46: ...th two VRMs 1 Press and hold the HL OFF key then press the VRM ON OFF key The 2nd VRM will be shown with 1st VRM in a dotted line with the distance displayed shown underneath the 1st VRM display An arrow mark will be shown on the front of the digital display to indicate which EBL is active 2 Rotate the VRM control to measure the distance to a target Always place the VRM on the right front of the t...

Page 47: ...icture to center position 5 5 13 Selection of presentation mode The following four kinds of presentation modes are available 1 Head Up Relative Motion 2 North Up Relative Motion Note Bearing information must be provided 3 Course Up Relative Motion Note Bearing information must be provided 4 True Motion Note The bearing and speed information must be provided To select the presentation mode press th...

Page 48: ... display a bearing sensor and a speed sensor must be connected to the radar system to provide true bearing and true speed information 000 0 REL North Up Relative Motion N UP RM Own ship s position is fixed to the center of the screen meanwhile the azimuth bearing scale is stabilized in which true north refers to the cursor scale of 000 0 degree When own ship changes her course all displayed object...

Page 49: ...he Guard Zone in range The distance of the outer edge of the Guard Zone will be displayed in the same place as the bearing display To set up the depth and width of the Guard Zone Reference drawing Figure 5 4 The outline of the Guard Zone Alarm 4 Press and hold the HL OFF key and rotate the EBL control to set up the width of the alarm zone 5 Press and hold the HL OFF key and rotate the VRM control ...

Page 50: ...6 Displaying the navigational data Navigational data such as own ship s position waypoint position and the distance and bearing to a waypoint can be shown on the screen Press the DATA DISP key to display this data on the screen NOTE 1 A navigator unit must be connected to the display unit 2 The serial data format must be selected Refer to Para 6 3 SYSTEM SETUP MENU for detail Figure 5 4 The outlin...

Page 51: ...P Bearing Distance Own ship s position in latitude longitude and waypoint position in bearing and distance OWN SHIP L L WP L L Own ship s position and waypoint position in latitude longitude OWN SHIP S POSITION DISPLAY WAYPOINT POSITION DISPLAY OWN SHIP DGPS 12 34O 567 N 34 43O 568 E WP RT01 DGPS 12 37O 123 N 34 42O 432 E Own ship s position is obtained from a Differential GPS receiver The positio...

Page 52: ...be reduced This situation is likely to occur in the Polar Regions or in warm current waters where cold air from the Polar Regions flow over the sea surface Super refraction When the air being warmed up in an inland area flows over the cold sea the microwave is bent downwards In this case a detectable radar range may increase This situation may occur produced in warm coastal regions and it becomes ...

Page 53: ...dth 2 Range discrimination The range discrimination is defined as the minimum distance where two different targets situated in line on the same bearing are shown separated The range discrimination is dependent on the transmission pulse length Echoes from two targets are overlapped not separated Length of transmission pulse Range Between two targets Transmission pulse Range between two targets When...

Page 54: ... small echoing area The hill located on the starboard in the bearings of 90 deg to 130 deg has a deep forest zone and its echoing area is large It is represented as wide spreading echoes on the screen Since the sand beach on the port side is deep but is not topographic The echoes are shown weak The windbreak forest produces strong echoes and it is shown as massive echoes in high contrast The echoe...

Page 55: ...To reduce these false echoes reduce the gain slightly or apply A C sea control If the funnel mast or other structures are located near a radar antenna the radar beam will be blocked causing a shadow area where no object will be detected by the radar The angle of the shadow is called the dead angle To avoid the shadow the radar antenna position should be changed to a better place to minimize this e...

Page 56: ...tomatically emitted from the SART so that other ships and or aircrafts can identify its location When your ship carrying the X band radar comes within 8 miles of a ship in distress the SART picks up the radar signal and responds to it The signal consists of 12 sweeps and is emitted in the frequency range of 9 2 GHz through to 9 5 GHz The SART has two sweep times that switch from slow sweep 7 5 us ...

Page 57: ...nd the SART position Within 1 nm of the SART position Beam width of the radar signal received SART position Current position Bandwidth of the radar Signal received Slow sweep signal SART position Fast sweep signal Slow sweep signal Fast sweep signal Sweep start 9 500 MHz 9 200 MHz 7 5µsec sweep time 95µsec sweep time SART mark length ...

Page 58: ...7 1 AUTO reset 6 3 6 1 7 2 MANUAL reset 6 3 6 1 8 VRM UNIT VRM Measuring Unit 6 4 6 1 9 DAY NIGHT Screen color 6 4 Operational Setup 6 1 10 TUNE Switching the tuning to AUTO or MANUAL 6 4 6 1 11 GYRO Compass data format selection Initial bearing setting 6 4 6 1 12 LOG Selecting the Speed Log data format 6 5 6 1 13 NAVIGATION Selecting the SET DRIFT reference 6 5 6 1 14 CURSOR Displaying the Cross ...

Page 59: ... ATA functions available 6 14 6 1 17 3 Operating procedures of ATA 6 14 6 1 17 4 The ATA symbols used 6 14 6 1 17 5 WARNING LIMIT Setting the warning limit of CPA and TCPA 6 15 6 1 17 6 TARGET ALL CLEAR Clearing all target plots 6 15 6 1 17 7 Setting the Guard Zone 6 16 6 1 17 8 ATA Test Mode 6 17 6 2 CAL MENU 6 18 On Screen Video Contrast 6 2 1 VIDEO Radar Video Brilliance 6 18 6 2 2 MARKER Range...

Page 60: ...MODE Matching the map with radar picture 6 22 ALARM 6 2 19 ALARM TEST Testing the alarm function 6 23 ATA TARGET LEVEL 6 2 20 TGT LEVEL Setting the target level for ATA 6 23 CRT 6 2 21 DEGAUSS Canceling the CRT magnetism 6 23 6 3 SYSTEM SETUP MENU Setting up functional parameters 6 24 6 3 1 LOG PULSE RATIO 6 24 6 3 2 GYRO GEAR RATIO 6 24 6 3 3 SERIAL FORMAT 6 25 6 3 4 TRAIL MODE 6 25 6 3 5 OFF CEN...

Page 61: ... of the item selected NOTE For ON OFF status selection only every press of the Joystick to either the left or right toggles the ON and OFF status 4 Press the ENT key to fix the selection The highlighted item stop blinking and its function becomes effective 6 1 RADAR MENU In the standard operating screen press the MENU key to show RADAR MENU which will be shown in the top right corner of the screen...

Page 62: ... to the right or left toggles the range rings ON and OFF 6 1 5 PI Parallel Index This menu is used to display the Parallel Index line on the screen Moving the Joystick to the right or left turns the line ON or OFF To change the bearing and interval of the parallel index line use the following procedure 1 Set the screen to normal display mode 2 Keep pressing the EBL ON OFF key until the wedge symbo...

Page 63: ...ws CENTER reset The picture will be brought back to the center of the radar screen OPPOSITE reset The picture will be brought back in parallel to the course taken to a point on a circle 66 of the screen radius To select the resetting mode activate the SYSTEM SETUP MENU referring to the Para 6 3 SYSTEM SETUP MENU and then select the TRUE MOTION RESET MODE to choose CENTER or OPPOSITE 6 1 7 2 MANUAL...

Page 64: ...ng procedure 1 Highlight the tuning meter value that is shown below the MANUAL sign and press the ENT key The value will start to blink 2 Press the Joystick to the right or left to make the video presentation the largest Pressing and holding the Joystick to the right increase the value and to the left decrease the value 6 1 11 GYRO Compass data format selection Initial bearing setting This functio...

Page 65: ...ystick from 00 0 to 81 9 Knots 6 1 13 NAVIGATION Selecting the SET DRIFT reference This function is used to select the following navigational parameters Speed reference WT Water Track and BT Bottom Track 1 Highlight WT or BT shown on the right of the NAVIGATION sign and press the ENT key to set the selection ready status 2 Select WT or BT with the Joystick and press the ENT key NOTE To use the Bot...

Page 66: ...nd DRIFT data using the Joystick and the ENT key VDR A sentence contained in the IEC 1162 1 data that provides Set Drift data VBW A sentence contained in the IEC 1162 1 data that provides Dual speeds stabilized against Ground and Water 6 1 14 CURSOR Displaying the Cross Cursor data in DIR DIST or LAT LON This function is used to select the contents of the positional data assigned by the cross curs...

Page 67: ...gain to fix the selection 6 1 16 Operation of EPA The EPA provides information for collision avoidance by manually plotting the first and second positions of each target These include CPA Closest Point of Approach TCPA Time to Closest Point of Approach Ship s speed Ship s course Ship s vector 6 1 16 1 Using EPA Perform the following procedure to use the EPA function 1 Press the TARGET key 2 Move t...

Page 68: ...TO 1 8 1 2 MIN 000 0 O VRM EBL TRUE PI PI 000 0 o 0 000 nm 040 010 350 000 0 O 000 0 O nm 000 0 O nm HDG 123 4 O GYRO SPD 12 3 KT DOLOG OFF CENT MANUAL WT SET 123 4 O DRIFT 12 3 KT OFF SET OWN SHIP DGPS 12 34 O 567N 34 43 O 568E WP RT01 DGPS 08 12O 456 N 30 27O 222 E CURSOR TRUE 12 12O 456 N 34 17O 672 E EPA TRUE 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AGE 0 1 MIN CPA 2 80 NM TCPA MIN CRS 123 4 O SPD 12 3 KT VECT 12 ...

Page 69: ...ed data without updating for 15 minutes all symbols and data currently plotted on the screen will be automatically deleted 6 1 16 5 Explanation of the EPA wordings EPA TRUE REL This shows the bearing mode of EPA The screen display EPA TRUE in Figure 6 2 shows that EPA is in true bearing mode To switch to relative bearing mode press the TRUE REL key Each press of the key toggles the bearing mode be...

Page 70: ...eans the assigned target plot is old and not reliable suggesting you to update the plotting When this display is shown an audio alarm is activated If you leave the plot not updated for 15 minutes after the alarm all symbols and data currently plotted will be deleted LIMIT CPA TCPA This is a warning limit of CPA and TCPA If the CPA and TCPA figures exceed the set up limit the assigned warning symbo...

Page 71: ...get data is shown in the right side of the screen Warning symbols The following symbols are used in the EPA functions to notify the operator of a high risk target or invalid plotting These symbols will blink when they are shown This is a CPA alarm symbol that appears when a plotted target is predicted to infringe a predetermined CPA and or TCPA range The symbol blinks at an interval of 0 5 seconds...

Page 72: ...ht the TARGET ALL CLEAR sign and press the ENT key 6 1 16 10 ID DISP Displaying Target ID Number Using this function the target ID number can be tagged on each displayed target Highlight the ON or OFF sign and then press the ENT key for the selection ready status Press the Joystick left or right to select ON and press the ENT key 6 1 16 11 Correcting the latest plotting position In case you find a...

Page 73: ... the bearing signal and speed signal must be fed to the Display unit Display unit ATA module MRE 240 Option Gyro log Interface KSA 08 Standard Bearing signal Speed signal LOG Figure 6 6 Configuration of ATA WARNING The accuracy of the auto tracking function provided by the ATA could be affected by the following factors 1 Sea clutter and weather clutter such as rain and snow may degrade the ATA tra...

Page 74: ... will change to the number 0 At the same time the assigned target will be braced with a dashed acquire mark with the same number shown nearby 3 To acquire a next target press the TARGET key to shift the highlighted digit to the right 4 Repeat step 1 and 2 The dot will change to the figure 1 and the same procedure as above follows The same procedures can be used for other targets up to the figure 9...

Page 75: ... alarm when the target is lost during tracking The on screen error message UNRELIABLE PLOT DATA will also appear on the screen The symbol mark and audio visual alarm will be turned off automatically 15 seconds after first appearance of the symbol This symbol appears when the target enters the Guard Zone The symbol is shown overlaid on the target and is automatically deleted as the target leaves th...

Page 76: ...reen 3 Move the VRM control to set the position of the Guard Zone in range The distance of the outer edge of the Guard Zone will be displayed in the same place as the bearing display To set up the depth and width of the Guard Zone Reference drawing Figure 6 7 The outline of the Guard Zone Alarm 4 Press and hold the HL OFF key and rotate the EBL control to set up the width of the alarm zone 5 Press...

Page 77: ...he test target as an identifier and a large letter X at the bottom of the screen showing that the display is in the TEST mode Figure 6 7 Outline of the Guard Zone Alarm Display Window The bearing and distance of the Guard Zone are shown here GZ 0 4 NM 000 0o Enlarged The Guard Zone width EBL for setting the Guard Zone bearing VRM for setting the Guard Zone range The Guard Zone depth Bearing of Gua...

Page 78: ...Contrast The following soft preset items are used to change the brilliance of the video images and texts on the screen Each item can be varied in 101 steps from level 000 to level 100 6 2 1 VIDEO Radar Video Brilliance Changes the brilliance of the radar echo presentation 6 2 2 MARKER Range Rings EBL VRM PI HL Alarm Zone Cross Cursor Changes the brilliance of various markers Parallel Cursor Headin...

Page 79: ...ng a standard magnetic compass Then measure the target bearing on the radar If the deviation is found more than 1 degree on the screen carry out the following procedure for correction 1 Highlight the 4 digit figures shown next to the HDG sign and press the ENT key 2 Press the Joystick left or right to change the bearing in order to set the radar echo bearing to coincide with the compass bearing wi...

Page 80: ...clutter sea effect in manual mode Before setting up the level turn the SEA control to an appropriate position at which the Anti Clutter SEA needs to be preset Select a desired level by the Joystick and press the ENTER key to fix the entry 6 2 12 HARBOR SEA Harbor Mode STC Preset This soft key is used to preset the anti clutter sea effect used in a confined area such as a harbor waterway etc Run yo...

Page 81: ...ly 30 minutes and then set the radar controls as follows GAIN Maximum Fully CW position SEA Minimum Fully CCW position RAIN Minimum Fully CCW position NOTE In the following cases the performance monitor may function in an erratic way giving unreliable result 1 Gain Sea and Rain controls are not set as above 2 Other radar set is operating nearby 3 Heavy rain or snow 6 2 16 PM Using Performance Moni...

Page 82: ...nd SYSTEM bar graphs will be fully displayed as a result NAVIGATION LINE 6 2 18 NAV ALIGN MODE Matching the map with radar screen This function is used to move a user defined Navigation Line s or map to a desired position on the screen in order to overlay these graphics on the radar picture To do so perform the following procedure 1 Highlight the OFF sign shown to the right of the prompt NAV ALIGN...

Page 83: ...de once and then transmit again ATA TARGET LEVEL 6 2 20 TGT LEVEL Setting the target level for ATA This function is used to set the signal level that will be fed into the ATA system Use the following procedure to select the signal level 1 Highlight the figure 0 7 shown right of the TGT LEVEL The signal level increases in an ascending order 2 Press the ENT key to set the ready to select status 3 Pr...

Page 84: ...ETER XXXX HOUR TX HOUR METER XXXX HOUR To change above settings use the following procedure 1 Move the Joystick upward or downward to select a parameter to change 2 Press the ENT key to set up the selection ready status The highlighted parameter will blink accordingly 3 Move the Joystick right or left to select the value 4 Press the ENT key again to fix the entry To exit from this menu turn off th...

Page 85: ...is used to select the point of offset to which the center of the radar picture is shifted The available offcenter modes are as follows OPPOSITE An entire radar screen can be shifted downwards by 66 of the screen radius CURSOR An entire radar screen can be shifted to any point within 66 circle of the screen radius 6 3 6 TRUE MOTION RESET MODE This menu is used to set the reset point in True Motion ...

Page 86: ...any form of semi circles The depth and angle of the alarm zone can be set using EBL and VRM FIXED The alarm zone can be selected from three different shapes the 90 degree 180 degree and full circle For details refer to Para 5 5 14 Setting the Guard Zone 6 3 11 TOTAL HOUR METER This menu is used to indicate total working hours of the system from turning power on to shutting off To reset the hour me...

Page 87: ...de 7 1 7 2 Selecting the Graphic Display DISPLAY ITEM SELECT MENU 7 2 7 2 1 Selecting each item 7 2 7 2 2 NAVLINE 7 3 7 2 3 MAP 7 3 7 3 Registering or modifying the NAVLINE data NAVLINE DATA INPUT MENU 7 4 7 3 1 Registering or modifying the MAP data COAST LINE INPUT MENU 7 5 7 3 2 Registering or modifying the MARK data MARK INPUT MENU 7 6 ...

Page 88: ... graphic display Specifying nodes on each graphic in the latitude and longitude creates both navigations lines and coastlines 7 1 Entering the Graphic Mode Put the radar to standby mode and press the MENU key Pressing the MENU key toggles the graphic mode of display in the following order First press DISPLAY ITEM SELECT MENU Second press NAVLINE DATA INPUT MENU Third press COASTLINE DATA INPUT MEN...

Page 89: ...up or down to select a desired item 2 Move the Joystick to the right highlighting the OFF sign and press the ENT key The OFF sign will blink accordingly 3 Move the Joystick further to the right to show the blinking ON sign 4 Press the ENT key to fix the selection of the graphic display The ON sign will become stationary and the selected graphic display will be shown overlaid with a normal radar pi...

Page 90: ...LINE sign which is shown in the lower right corner of the screen Before displaying the NAVLINE you must enter the position signal from the NAVIGATOR EPFS 7 2 3 MAP The MAP function is used to make artificial warning zones warning spots or landmarks for fixed targets including coastlines buoys reefs sunken ships and lighthouses on the radar screen You can register up to 2 pairs of the maps Registra...

Page 91: ... right to the words NAVELINE NUMBER and press the ENT key The number will blink 3 Move the Joystick left or right to select the desired number out of 0 through to 9 4 Press the ENT key to fix the selection The blinking number will become stationary 5 Move the Joystick up or down to highlight an alphanumeric display A0 B0 under the POSITION NUMBER column 6 Press the ENT key to let the selected alph...

Page 92: ...T key The number will blink 3 Move the Joystick left or right to select the MAP NUMBER 0 or 1 4 Press the ENT key to fix the selection The blinking number will become stationary 5 Move the Joystick down to highlight the number shown right to the words COASTLINE NUMBER and press the ENT key 6 Press the Joystick left or right to select the COASTLINE NUMBER from 0 through to 3 7 Press the ENT key to ...

Page 93: ...ey The number will blink 3 Move the Joystick left or right to select the MAP NUMBER 0 or 1 4 Press the ENT key to fix the selection The blinking MAP number will become stationary 5 Move the Joystick up or down to highlight the number shown right to the words POSITRION NUMBER and press the ENT key The number will blink 6 Select a desired mark by pressing a numeric key 0 9 7 Use the N S E W and nume...

Page 94: ...SED IN THE MAP No Mark shape Applicable objects 0 Light 1 Lighthouse Aeronautical light Light beacon etc 2 Buoy 3 Large mooring buoy 4 Radio and or radar station 5 Dry rock 6 Awash rock 7 Reef submerged rock etc 8 Surface object wreck Hazardous point etc 9 Rush tidal current eddy etc ...

Page 95: ... AND ON BOARD SERVICING CONTENTS PageNo 8 1 Information required for service 8 1 8 2 Self diagnosis functions provided 8 1 8 2 1 Alarm messages 8 1 8 2 2 Status indicators 8 2 8 3 Trouble shooting 8 3 8 3 1 First line faultfinding 8 3 8 3 2 Faultfinding chart 8 4 8 4 On board servicing 8 19 8 4 1 Replacing the fuses 8 19 ...

Page 96: ...ay unit 8 2 1 Alarm messages The following alarm messages will be shown as a result of diagnosis by the built in self check function if the equipment becomes faulty Details are as follows Table 8 1 Alarm messages shown on the screen Alarm messages Faults detected ANTENNA ABNORMAL NO RESPONSE Communication between Antenna and Display is faulty Suspect no Antenna connection AZIMUTH ABNORMAL The azim...

Page 97: ...unit 8 2 2 Status indicators Two LEDs Light Emitting Diodes are provided on the Logic board fitted inside the display unit These LEDs indicate the operational status of the software and hardware used in this system Details of the indications are as follows Table 8 2 Status indications LED No Usage Operational status LED status DS1 Software check Normal OFF Failure ON DS2 Hardware check Normal ON F...

Page 98: ...le faults Description of faults Possible cause of failures Corrective measures Screen is dark 1 Brilliance of the screen is not properly set 2 CRT is getting weak 3 CRT driving circuits are defective 1 Turn the brilliance control CW to set proper brilliance 2 Call for service 3 Call for service No targets shown 1 Tuning is deviated 2 Video contrast is poor 3 Transceiver is defective 1 Re adjust tu...

Page 99: ...basis The charts are systematically arranged from primary fault analysis to finding a path to a detailed flow chart that follows 1 Fault analysis Y N Go to 3 No display Go to 2 No response N Y Go to 4 Antenna does not respond N Go to 7 Fault Panel Y N Go to 6 Fault Interface Go to 5 Faulty radar picture N Y Y N Is the entire screen presentation normal N Go to 8 Others N Y Go to 9 Antenna faults Do...

Page 100: ...y Power supply unit is faulty Is the power supply voltage range 21 6 41 6 V correct Set ship s supply voltage within the specified range Is 5V on J603 1 pin correct Is the voltage on J706 9 and 10 pins on Power Supply PCB about 0 V when the unit is powered Power supply PCB is faulty Are the following connections correct 1 J706 Main Logic PCB and Power Supply PCB 2 J705 and Panel PCB Correct the fa...

Page 101: ...rly fitted on the CRT Reset the CRT Neck PCB Is 130V is correct on J608 2 and GND Is fuse F101 on CRT Drive PCB normal CRT monitor unit is faulty Are the connections between J608 on Power Supply PCB and CRT monitor unit normal Correct the faulty cable connections Main Logic PCB is faulty Correct the faulty cable connections Are the cable connections between J708 Main Logic PCB and CRT Monitor corr...

Page 102: ...l Disconnect Antenna Connector J1 and check if 12V on J603 4 pin becomes normal Connect J1 Is 12V present at J2 2 in Antenna unit Disconnect Modulator Connector J6 and check if 12V on J603 4 pin is normal Disconnect Modulator Connector J4 and check if 12V at J603 4 pin becomes normal Modulator PCB is faulty IF PCB is faulty Is 5V on J5 12 in Modulator Unit normal Is 5V on J5 12 pin in Modulator Un...

Page 103: ...o 9 Antenna faults Radar echo abnormal Main logic board is faulty Is the receiver sensitivity normal throughout the entire range scales Go to 9 Antenna faults Radar echo abnormal Is the receiver sensitivity low in long ranges Is the TX Drive signal on TP2 on Modulator PCB correct Go to 9 Antenna faults Pulse selection not operative N Does the sweep line skip near the HM Heading Marker Does the ant...

Page 104: ... N Y Perform initial gyro bearing settings N Gyro Interface unit is faulty Y Is the fuse F4 normal not blown Is the fuse rating correct Replace the fuse Is the power supply polarity correct Is the power supply voltage within the range 11 40 V specified Set ship s supply voltage within the specified range Is the ship s main supply provided to Interface unit Is the GYRO sub menu set to PARALLEL in R...

Page 105: ...ARALLEL N Y Perform the initial gyro bearing settings N Gyro Interface unit is faulty Y Y N Is the fuse F4 normal not blown Is the fuse rating correct Is the polarity of ship s supply voltage correct Is the ship s supply voltage within rated voltage range 12 40 V Is the LOG Gyro Interface unit is supplied with main power supply Is the LOG sub menu set to PARALLEL in RADAR MENU Is the gyro bearing ...

Page 106: ...al data IEC 61162 1 properly received via DATA 1 and DATA 2 connector and displayed Is the input signal level at the following points in Main Logic PCB 4V or more J707 1 and 2 pins J707 5 and 6 pins J707 7 and 8 pins Are the incoming serial data from DATA 1 2 and 3 acceptable format Y Reset the serial data format to NMEA 0183 IEC 61162 1 Press and hold the ENT key and turn the radar on This allows...

Page 107: ...l PCB is faulty Does the radar turn off Are the following connections in Main Logic PCB correct 1 J706 and Power Supply PCB 2 J705 and Panel PCB Press and hold the ENT key and turn the radar on Is the SYSTEM SET UP menu shown Is the connection between the display and ship s main supply correct Press the MENU key Is the panel check display shown Any faulty control or key switch detected Detected co...

Page 108: ...ion is unstable Is the fault corrected In the CRT Drive PCB reset the H HOLD VR302 for horizontal sync or V HOLD VR202 for vertical sync to make the display stable 12V line is shorted Disconnect P6 J6 from the Modulator PCB Is the fault removed Disconnect P5 J5 from the Modulator PCB Is the fault removed Disconnect P1 J1 from the Modulator PCB Is the fault removed Performance Monitor is faulty Int...

Page 109: ...l wiring in the Antenna unit or Display unit is faulty Antenna does not rotate Replace the fuse with new one Finished Is the fault corrected N Y N Motor is faulty 1 Can the antenna be rotated manually Disconnect P4 J4 from the Modulator PCB Is the fault removed Check if the following conditions are observed 1 The antenna gets caught with a rope 2 Turning gear mechanism gets stuck Internal wirings ...

Page 110: ...dulator PCB normal See waveform above Reed switch is faulty Internal wirings in the Antenna unit or Power Supply in the Display unit is faulty Is the HM pulse signal on J3 1 Modulator PCB normal 3 msec Azimuth signal 1 2 msec Normal Azi HM signals on HM signal 5 V 2 5 V 0 V Y Y N N Is the Azi Pulse signal present on J1 7 Modulator PCB normal Modulator PCB is faulty Internal wirings in the Antenna ...

Page 111: ... V on J2 1 Modulator PCB normal Is the trigger signal on TP2 Modulator PCB normal Is any buzz heard from the Pulse Transformer Is 6 3 V applied to the magnetron heater Internal wiring in the Antenna unit or Power Supply in the Display unit is faulty Manual tuning is faulty Is 24V supply on J1 1 IF Amplifier normal Internal wiring in the Antenna unit or Power Supply in the Display unit is faulty Do...

Page 112: ...Y N IF PCB is faulty Finished Check for the cable connection between IF PCB J1 and Modulator PCB Is the tuning voltage on J1 3 IF PCB about 2 V Automatic tuning does not function Perform the procedure for automatic tuning set up Does the automatic tuning function become normal Is the error message MAGNETRON CURRENT ABNORMAL shown Is the LNFE monitor voltage in the following range 30 70 mV Is the v...

Page 113: ...TING AND ON BOARD SERVICING 8 18 93142002 01 Poor sensitivity LNFE module is faulty N Y The magnetron is faulty N Is the LNFE monitor voltage in the following range 30 70 mV Y IF PCB is faulty Is the error message MAGNETRON CURRENT ABNORMAL shown ...

Page 114: ...as follows Fuse type and ratings Fuse name Shape Dimensions in mm Fuse Type Ratings Main fuse Tubular type φ6 x 32 Normal Blow 15 A Modulator fuse Tubular type φ6 x 32 Normal Blow 0 3 A Gyro I F fuse Tubular type φ6 x 32 Normal Blow 1 A Drive Motor fuse Tubular type φ6 x 32 Normal Blow 10 A Location of the fuses Figure 8 2 Fuses provided on the display rear panel Modulator Fuse Main Fuse Motor Fus...

Page 115: ...MDC 3560P 3510P Series Chapter 9 MAINTENANCE 93142002 00 Contents CHAPTER 9 MAINTENANCE CONTENTS Page No 9 1 Periodic inspection and cleaning 9 1 9 1 1 Monthly check 9 1 9 1 2 Yearly check 9 1 ...

Page 116: ...e motor brushes of the antenna unit every 2 000 working hours Replace them if the brushes are less than 6 mm in length Figure 9 1 Details of motor brushes 1 Loosen the four fixing screws that fasten the front side cover and remove the cover The antenna motor will be found in the lower part in the antenna housing 2 Use a flat blade screwdriver to loosen the motor brushes as shown in Figure 9 2 3 In...

Page 117: ...Chapter 9 MDC 3560P 3510P Series MAINTENANCE 9 2 93142002 00 Figure 9 2 Replacing the motor brushes Antenna housing unit Gently turn the screwdriver counter clockwise to remove the motor brush ...

Page 118: ...e No 10 1 Serial input data sentence detail 10 1 10 2 Tracking data output sentence detail 10 4 10 3 Interface requirements 10 4 10 3 1 Input requirements 10 4 10 3 2 Data input output serial line 10 5 10 3 3 Data input serial line 10 5 10 3 4 External monitor signal interface 10 6 10 3 5 Talker identifier accepted 10 7 ...

Page 119: ...hecksum is the total of all the EX ORed data between the and asterisk signs BWC Bearing Distance to Waypoint BWC xxxx xxx N S xxxxx xxx E W xxx x T xxx x N xxx a hh CR LF GGA Global Positioning System Fix Data GGA xxxx xxx N S xxxxx xxx E W x hh CR LF Sentence format Talker device Waypoint latitude N North S South Waypoint longitude E East W West Waypoint Bearing true Checksum Mode indicator Waypo...

Page 120: ... in 2 out of 5 TD fields Otherwise the fields will be void Start of sentence This field is not used Checksum Sentence format Talker device latitude E East W West Start of sentence This field is not used Checksum N North S South longitude Mode indicator A Valid Sentence format Talker device Waypoint latitude N North S South Waypoint longitude E East W West Waypoint Bearing true Checksum Mode indica...

Page 121: ...South Waypoint latitude E East W West Note for Talker device identifier Only VD Doppler Speed Log is accepted Sentence format Talker device Longitude Water Speed Knots Start of sentence These fields are not used Checksum Longitudinal ground speed Knots Traverse ground speed Knots A Valid data These fields are not used Note 1 In case the speed data in knots is not available then the metric speed da...

Page 122: ... units nm Start of sentence Bearing from own ship Time to CPA min User data Type of acquisition These fields are not used Note for Target status L Lost tracked target has been lost Q Quary target in process of acquisition T Tracking target in process of tracking Feature Characteristics Power Voltage 24 32VDC 10 30 Consumption 130 W Gyro compass Synchro Voltage value 50VAC or 100VAC 10 50 60 Hz 10 ...

Page 123: ...nology 10 3 3 Data input serial line Port name DATA 2 3 The connector used Type 1006 Nissin Serial Data input listener side The IEC 61162 1 standard signal can be received Input load 470 ohms Device Opto coupler type TLP113 Toshiba GND TX Data Output TXD RXD RTN 470 A Data Input B Data Input Vcc Serial data input circuit Serial data output circuit RXD RTN 470 A Data Input B Data Input Vcc Serial d...

Page 124: ... Horizontal sync signal 30 4kHz Negative 4 8 µs TTL 200 Ω Vertical synchronous signal 54 7Hz Negative 0 13 ms TTL 200 Ω R G B Video signal Positive 0 7 Vp p 75 Ω 5V 150 RVD GVD BVD 1k 10 uF GND R G B Video signal Signal return R G B Video signal output circuit Horizontal and Vertical synchronous signal output circuit 47 GND 5V 150 LS07 Horizontal and Vertical synchronous signal Signal return H D V...

Page 125: ...S GP DGPS See NOTE GLONASS receiver GL GLO Global navigation satellite system GN GNSS Integrated navigation IN INS Loran C LC LOR Electronic positioning system SN EPFS Gyro north seeking HE GYRO Gyro non north seeking HN GYRO Compass magnetic HC MAG Doppler other general VD DOLOG Speed LOG water magnetic VM LOG Speed LOG water mechanical VW LOG Other device display talker identifier NOTE The on sc...

Reviews: