Yamaha SPX2000 Editor Owner'S Manual Download Page 101

Page: 101 / 108

SPX2000—Owner’s Manual

101

Electrical Characteristics

Input Level VR is nominal when measured. Output impedance of signal generator:600ohms

Frequency Response

Fs=48 kHz: @20 Hz-20 kHz, reference to the nominal output level @1 kHz
Fs=96 kHz: @20 Hz-40 kHz, reference to the nominal output level @1 kHz

Gain Error

@1 kHz

*1 In these specifications, when dBu represents are specific voltage, 0 dBu is referenced to 0.775 Vrms.

Total Harmonic Distortion

In these specifications, when dBu represents are specific voltage, 0 dBu is referenced to 0.775 Vrms.

Total Harmonic Distortion is measured with a 18 dB/octave filter @80 kHz.

Hum & Noise

Fs=48/96 kHz

Hum & Noise are measured with a 6 dB/octave filter @12.7 kHz;
equivalent to a 20 kHz filter with infinite dB/octave attenuation.

In these specifications, when dBu represents are specific voltage, 0 dBu is referenced to 0.775 Vrms.

Dynamic Range

Fs=48/96 kHz

Dynamic range are measured with a 6 dB/octave filter @12.7 kHz;
equivalent to a 20 kHz filter with infinite dB/octave attenuation.

Crosstalk

@1 kHz

Maximum voltage gain

@1 kHz

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

—

–3.0

0.0

+1.0

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

INPUT LEVEL SW: +4, OUTPUT LEVEL SW: +4

+2.0

+4.0

+6.0

dBu

INPUT LEVEL SW: –10, OUTPUT LEVEL SW: –10

–12.0

–10.0

–8.0

dBu

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

Fs=48 kHz: +14 dBu @20 Hz-20 kHz,
INPUT LEVEL SW: +4,
OUTPUT LEVEL SW: +4

0.05

Fs=96 kHz: +14 dBu @20 Hz-40 kHz,
INPUT LEVEL SW: +4,
OUTPUT LEVEL SW: +4

0.05

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

Rs=600

Ω

, INPUT LEVEL VR: nominal

INPUT LEVEL SW: +4 /OUTPUT LEVEL SW: +4

–80

dBu

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

AD + DA, INPUT LEVEL VR: max

106

From/To

To/From

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

INPUT to OUTPUT

–80

Input

Output

Conditions

Min

Typ

Max

Units

INPUT L, R

OUTPUT L, R

600

Ω

Rs=600

Ω

, INPUT LEVEL VR: max

INPUT LEVEL SW: +4 /OUTPUT LEVEL SW: +4

+10

Summary of Contents for SPX2000 Editor

Page 1: ...E Owner s Manual Keep This Manual For Future Reference Keep This Manual For Future Reference ...

Page 2: ...not the cord Pulling by the cord can damage it Before moving the device remove all connected cables Do not expose the device to excessive dust or vibrations or extreme cold or heat such as in direct sunlight near a heater or in a car during the day to prevent the possibility of panel disfiguration or damage to the internal components Do not place the device in an unstable position where it might a...

Page 3: ...ANT NOTICE FOR THE UNITED KINGDOM Connecting the Plug and Cord WARNING THIS APPARATUS MUST BE EARTHED IMPORTANT The wires in this mains lead are coloured in accordance with the following code GREEN AND YELLOW EARTH BLUE NEUTRAL BROWN LIVE As the colours of the wires in the mains lead of this apparatus may not correspond with the coloured markings identifying the terminals in your plug proceed as f...

Page 4: ...g has two blades and a third grounding prong The wide blade or the third prong are pro vided for your safety If the provided plug does not fit into your outlet consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet 10 Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs convenience recep tacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus 11 Only use attachments ...

Page 5: ...atures of the SPX2000 6 Parts and their functions 7 Front panel 7 Rear panel 9 Operation 10 Basic operation 10 Editing an effect 13 Other functions 17 Effects 25 Reverb 27 Early Reflection 35 Delay Echo 38 Modulation 47 Pitch Change 61 Composite effects 66 Freeze 77 Other effects 82 MIDI 88 Preparations for using MIDI 88 What you can do using MIDI 88 MIDI data format 89 MIDI Control Change Paramet...

Page 6: ...fect types The SPX2000 s display shows a different background color by default for each type of effect You can tell the general effect type at a glance e g cyan light blue for reverb and early reflection white for delay magenta for modulation and green for effects of the Classic bank New reverb algorithms New reverbs feature the newly developed REV X algo rithm delivering rich high density reverbe...

Page 7: ... MIDI indicator This will light when the SPX2000 receives MIDI data 8 kHz indicator This indicates the currently operating word clock fre quency 9 Display This displays information about the currently recalled effect or the selected utility function 0 Effect number indicator This indicates the effect number of the currently selected effect If the selected effect is different than the recalled effe...

Page 8: ...on LED This button switches the effect on off When the BYPASS button is off LED dark the effect will be applied to the input signal and output from the output jacks When the BYPASS button is on LED lit the input signal will be sent from the output jacks without modification N TAP button LED Use this to set the tempo value of the effect When you press this button twice or more the tempo value will ...

Page 9: ...ol the SPX2000 from your computer page 6 V WORD CLOCK IN jack Connect this jack to a device that supplies a word clock signal This jack is terminated with a 75 ohm resistor Connect this jack in a one to one connection with the device supplying the word clock W AES EBU OUT jack Connect an AES EBU format device to this jack This XLR 3 32 jack outputs an AES EBU format digital sig nal X AES EBU IN ja...

Page 10: ...tect your monitor system Before you turn on the power of the SPX2000 turn off the power of the device that is connected to the OUT PUT jacks Y or AES EBU OUT jack W Also turn the INPUT L R control 1 to minimize the L R input signal level the inner knob controls the L channel and the outer knob controls the R channel 2 Turn on the power of the SPX2000 Press the POWER ON OFF button P to turn the pow...

Page 11: ...RCE page 19 to select the desired input source MIDI 7 This indicator will light when MIDI data is received CLOCK 6 This indicates the word clock source Use CLOCK SOURCE page 18 to select the word clock source kHz 8 This indicates the word clock frequency 44 1 48 88 2 96 kHz If you are using the SPX2000 s internal clock you can use CLOCK SOURCE page 18 to select the fre quency Use the INPUT L R con...

Page 12: ...he effects in this bank are read only USER bank When shipped this bank does not contain effects You can edit effects from the PRESET bank or CLASSIC bank and store them as your own original effects in the USER bank Once you have stored an effect you can recall and use it in the same way as the effects of the PRESET bank or CLASSIC bank You can store 99 effects in this bank Select an effect button ...

Page 13: ...ffect i e while the effect number indicator is blinking pressing any of the following buttons will cancel the effect selection the currently recalled effect will appear in the display UNDO button E BACK button F INC DEC buttons G NEXT button H COMPARE button I PARAMETER button J FINE PARAM button K NOTE The following buttons will be inoperable when the UTILITY LED L is lit BANK button A STORE butt...

Page 14: ...es NO FINE PARAMETER an effect from the CLASSIC bank is recalled The effects of the CLASSIC bank do not have Fine parameters Use the PARAMETER button to select the Basic parameters REV X LARGE HALL REV TIME 3 20s Edit the parameter INC button Press to increment the parameter value Hold to continue incrementing the parameter value Hold down INC and press DEC to continue incrementing the parameter v...

Page 15: ...ollows DELAY or FREQ NOTE x 4 x 60 TEMPO If you edit TEMPO DELAY or FREQ will be set In this case the DELAY or FREQ value is calculated as follows DELAY or FREQ original DELAY or FREQ x previous TEMPO new TEMPO Example 1 When SYNC ON DELAY 250 ms TEMPO 120 you change NOTE from 8th note to quarter note DELAY new NOTE x 4 x 60 TEMPO 1 4 x 4 x 60 120 0 5 sec 500 ms Thus the DELAY will change from 250...

Page 16: ...0 shows the cur rently selected effect number 3 Store the effect Press the STORE button B to store the effect The COMPARE LED I will go dark and the UNDO LED E will light You can return settings to their prior state by undoing the previous Store Recall or Clear Effect operation You can also undo the previous undo operation this is called redo Undo When the UNDO LED E is lit press the UNDO but ton ...

Page 17: ...nly effects in the USER bank can be protected By turning Protect ON for important effects you can prevent them from being overwritten accidentally 1 Select the USER bank Use the BANK button A to select the USER bank 2 Select an effect Select the effect whose Protect setting you want to change and recall it page 12 3 Select the USER PGM PROTECT function Press the UTILITY button L several times to s...

Page 18: ... word clock source The CLOCK indicator 6 and kHz indicator 8 will light according to your selection You can choose one of the following six word clock sources WORD CLOCK Clock data received from the WORD CLOCK IN jack V AES EBU Clock data received from the AES EBU IN jack X INT44 1kHz Internal clock 44 1 kHz INT48kHz Internal clock 48 kHz INT88 2kHz Internal clock 88 2 kHz INT96kHz Internal clock ...

Page 19: ...ing does not match or you may hear noise In order for digital audio signals to be synchro nized one digital device must transmit the clock synchronization data and the other devices must be set to receive this clock In such a setup the device that supplies the synchronization reference clock is called the CLOCK MASTER and the receiving devices are called CLOCK SLAVES To use the SPX2000 as the cloc...

Page 20: ...el buttons to perform an operation that has been disabled by Operation Lock a message of Operation Locked will appear in the display However this message will not appear if such an operation is attempted by remote control OPERATION LOCK OFF 1 2 3 Button operations or equivalent remote control INPUT MODE button 3 O O O X METER button 4 O O O O BANK button A O O O X STORE button B O O X X buttons C ...

Page 21: ...MIDI OUT or MIDI THRU Press either the INC button G to select MIDI THRU or the DEC button G to select MIDI OUT MIDI THRU MIDI data entering the MIDI IN connector T will be retransmitted without change With this set ting MIDI data from the SPX2000 itself cannot be transmitted MIDI OUT Internal data of the SPX2000 can be bulk dumped or data can be transmitted in response to a request received from a...

Page 22: ...ect the Table TBL A C Program Change Number PGM1 128 and Effect P01 U99 BACK button Moves the cursor toward the left NEXT button Moves the cursor toward the right INC button Changes the character at the cursor location e g A B C 1 2 3 DEC button Changes the character at the cursor location e g C B A 3 2 1 This abbreviation indicates the bank and effect number e g P01 is effect number 01 of the PRE...

Page 23: ...he device connected to the MIDI IN connector T or TO HOST USB connector U TAP The TEMPO value specified using the TAP button N FOOT SW jack O or INC DEC buttons You can individually enable disable reception for some types of MIDI message Reception can be enabled disabled for the following MIDI messages NOTE ON OFF Note on off PGM CHANGE Program change CTL CHANGE Control change SYSEX BLKDMP Bulk du...

Page 24: ...ng down the STORE button B turn on the power The following screen will appear 3 Initialize Press the INC button G to initialize the SPX2000 If you decide not to initialize press any button other than INC Initializing the SPX2000 The following procedure will erase all effects in the USER bank If necessary use the BULK OUT ALL function to back up your data before you proceed Factory Preset PUSH INC ...

Page 25: ...X 27 ROOM 28 REV X WOOD ROOM 29 REV X WARM ROOM 30 REV X LARGE ROOM 31 REV X MED ROOM 32 REV X SMALL ROOM 33 REV X SLAP ROOM 34 FAT REFLECTIONS Early Reflection 35 35 BIG SNARE Gate reverb 36 BAMBOO ROOM Reverb 31 37 REFLECTIONS Early Reflection 35 38 STONE ROOM Reverb 31 39 CONCRETE ROOM Gate reverb 35 40 REVERSE PURPLE GATE REVERBS 41 FULL METAL GATE 42 REVERSE GATE Reverse gate 43 DRUM MACH AMB...

Page 26: ...p simulator 87 84 DIST FLANGE Composite effect 66 85 DIST DELAY 86 REV CHORUS 68 MULTIPLE 87 REV FLANGE 69 88 REV SYMPHONIC 71 89 REV PAN 72 90 DELAY ER 1 73 91 DELAY ER 2 92 DELAY ER 1 93 DELAY ER 2 94 DELAY REV 75 95 DELAY REV 96 RESO DRONE 97 FREEZE Freeze 77 SAMPLING No Effect name Type Page Display background color 1 REV 1 HALL Reverb 29 GREEN 2 REV 2 ROOM 3 REV 3 VOCAL 4 REV 4 PLATE 5 EARLY ...

Page 27: ...following effect parame ters Reverberation REV TIME HI RATIO LO RATIO INI DLY DIFF LO FREQ DECAY Overall effect sound ROOMSIZE Filter equalizer HPF LPF Output level OUT LVL MIX BAL Parameter details Basic parameters Type Bank No of INs OUTs Early reflections and subsequent reverberation Gated Controllable envelope Page REV X PRESET 2IN 2OUT Unified No Yes 27 Reverb CLASSIC 1IN 2OUT No 29 Stereo re...

Page 28: ...0 0 ms 10 28 2 REV X MED HALL 2 01 s 0 6 1 2 15 0 ms 10 25 3 REV X SMALL HALL 1 40 s 0 6 1 2 9 0 ms 9 23 4 REV X TINY HALL 0 75 s 0 6 1 2 5 0 ms 7 22 5 REV X WARM HALL 2 70 s 0 6 1 2 32 0 ms 10 28 6 REV X BRITE HALL 2 79 s 0 7 1 2 25 0 ms 10 28 7 REV X HUGE HALL 6 98 s 0 9 1 1 0 1 ms 10 28 16 REV X VOCAL PLT 2 44 s 0 3 1 1 30 0 ms 10 18 17 REV X BRIGHT PLT 2 44 s 0 5 1 0 30 0 ms 10 18 18 REV X SNA...

Page 29: ...elay of the reverberation relative to the original sound HPF THRU 32 Hz 1 0 kHz A filter that cuts the low frequency portion of the effect Frequency components lower than the frequency specified here will be cut With a setting of THRU this filter will do nothing This filter does not affect the original sound LPF 1 0 11 kHz THRU A filter that cuts the high frequency portion of the effect Frequency ...

Page 30: ...ENSITY 0 100 Density of the reverberation Increasing this value will make the reverberation smoother You can create unique effects by lowering this value Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after ...

Page 31: ...quent reverberation relative to the early reflections The delay from the original sound until the beginning of the subsequent reverberation will be INI DLY E R DLY E R BAL 0 100 Balance of the early reflections and subsequent reverberation At a setting of 100 only the early reflections will be output at a setting of 0 only the reverberation will be output HPF Thru 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz A filter that cu...

Page 32: ...0 80 4 0 ms 32 Thru Thru 15 REVERB STAGE 100 70 8 0 ms 20 80 0 Hz 7 10 kHz 19 VOCAL PLATE 100 90 22 1 ms 46 80 0 Hz 10 6 kHz 20 ECHO ROOM 1 100 90 20 2 ms 40 Thru 7 10 kHz 21 ECHO ROOM 2 100 90 20 2 ms 40 Thru 6 70 kHz 22 PRESENCE REVERB 100 90 12 0 ms 40 Thru 14 0 kHz 23 ARENA 100 90 0 0 ms 40 Thru 9 50 kHz 25 OLD PLATE 100 80 17 0 ms 44 Thru 7 10 kHz 26 DARK PLATE 100 90 6 4 ms 62 Thru 5 60 kHz ...

Page 33: ... level at which the gate is triggered Increasing this value will raise the level of original sound required to open the gate HOLD a a The range of this parameter depends on the sampling frequency at which the SPX2000 is operating 44 1 kHz 0 02 ms 2 13 s 48 kHz 0 02 ms 1 96 s 88 2 kHz 0 01 ms 1 06 s 96 kHz 0 01 981 ms The minimum time that the gate remains open Even when the original sound falls be...

Page 34: ...time The time from when the gate begins to open until it opens completely is called the Attack Time and the time from when it begins to close until it closes completely is called the Release Time or Decay Time On the SPX2000 the Attack Time is controlled by parameters such as ATTACK and the Release Time is con trolled by parameters such as DECAY RELEASE Hold Time This is the time that the gate wil...

Page 35: ...the early reflections Increasing this value will reduce the decay causing the repeats to continue You can use this to simulate the absorptiveness of the walls and ceiling INI DLY 0 0 500 0 ms Delay of the early reflections relative to the original sound DIFF 0 10 Diffusion of the sound to left and right Increasing this value will make the reverberation more spaciousness DENSITY 0 100 Density of th...

Page 36: ...4 4 5 0 ms 5 80 40 REVERSE PURPLE Type A 1 3 8 62 5 ms 10 100 41 FULL METAL GATE Type A 0 6 2 33 7 ms 7 88 42 REVERSE GATE Type A 0 2 6 10 0 ms 10 100 45 ELECT SNR PLATE Type A 0 6 9 8 7 ms 10 88 No Effect name MIX BAL OUT LVL ER NUM HPF LPF FB GAIN HI RATIO 34 FAT REFLECTIONS 100 60 19 Thru 10 0 kHz 0 0 6 35 BIG SNARE 100 65 19 Thru 9 50 kHz 0 0 8 37 REFLECTIONS 100 80 10 40 0 Hz Thru 0 1 0 39 CO...

Page 37: ...he walls and ceiling LIVENESS 0 10 Decay characteristics of the early reflections Increasing this value will reduce the decay causing the repeats to continue You can use this to simulate the absorptiveness of the walls and ceiling DELAY 0 0 500 0 ms Delay of the early reflections relative to the original sound LPF 1 0 11 kHz THRU A filter that cuts the high frequency portion of the effect Frequenc...

Page 38: ...ized delay Page Mono delay PRESET 1IN 2OUT 1 No No Yes 38 Stereo delay 2IN 2OUT 2 L R 40 Modulation delay 1IN 2OUT 1 Yes 41 Delay L C R 3 L C R No Yes 43 Echo 2IN 2OUT 2 L R 44 Delay L R CLASSIC No No 46 Stereo echo Parameter name Range Explanation DELAY 0 0 2730 0 ms Delay relative to the original sound FB GAIN 99 99 Amount of feedback for the delay sound This indicates the ratio by which the lev...

Page 39: ...PF 50 0 Hz 16 0 kHz Thru A filter that cuts the high frequency portion of the effect Frequency components above the fre quency specified here will be cut With a setting of Thru this filter will do nothing This filter does not affect the original sound SYNC ON OFF Switches tempo synchronization on off If this is ON the delay will synchronize to the tempo syn chronization source specified by TEMPO S...

Page 40: ...ance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease this value if you want to lower the output At a setting of 0 there will be no output HPF Thru 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz A filter that cuts the low frequ...

Page 41: ...y relative to the original sound FB GAIN 99 99 Amount of feedback for the delay sound This indicates the ratio by which the level is reduced when repeating the effect For example with a setting of 50 the level of the delay sound will decay to 50 25 12 5 as it is repeated Negative values invert the phase of the feedback HI RATIO 0 1 1 0 Amount of feedback for the high frequency portion of the delay...

Page 42: ... Thru this filter will do nothing This filter does not affect the original sound SYNC ON OFF Switches tempo synchronization on off If this is ON the delay will synchronize to the tempo syn chronization source specified by TEMPO SOURCE page 23 The DLY NOTE and the MOD NOTE value will be set to the synchronized tempo value DLY NOTE a a This parameter is used for tempo synchronization If SYNC is ON t...

Page 43: ...of feedback for the high frequency range of the delay sound This is specified as a propor tion of FB GAIN If this value is 0 1 the amount of feedback will be 1 10th of the FB GAIN if this value is 1 0 the amount of feedback will be the same as FB GAIN Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be...

Page 44: ...edback FB DLYL indicates the L channel delay and FB DLYR indicates the R channel delay The delay from the original sound to the first delay sound is DELAY L or DELAY R the delay of the subsequently repeated sound will be DELAYL FB DLYL or DELAY R FB DLYR FB G L FB G R 99 99 Amount of feedback for the delay sounds This indicates the ratio by which the level is reduced when repeating the effect For ...

Page 45: ...n off If this is ON the delay will synchronize to the tempo syn chronization source specified by TEMPO SOURCE page 23 The each NOTE value will be set to the synchronized tempo value NOTE L NOTE R a a This parameter is used for tempo synchronization If SYNC is ON the DELAY L value will be set according to the NOTE L and TEMPO values and the DELAY R value will be set according to the NOTE R and TEMP...

Page 46: ... the level of the delay sound will decay to 50 25 12 5 as it is repeated Negative values invert the phase of the feedback FB G L indicates the feedback amount for the L channel and FB G R for the R channel HI RATIO 0 1 1 0 Amount of feedback for the high frequency portion of the delay sound This is specified as a pro portion of FB G If this value is 0 1 the high frequency feedback amount for the L...

Page 47: ... LSH G LSH F EQ G EQ F EQ Q HSH G HSH F Output level OUT LVL MIX BAL Parameter details Basic parameters Type Bank No of INs OUTs Modulation effect Modulator signal Page Flanger PRESET 2IN 2OUT Twisting Oscillator signal 47 Phaser 49 Stereo Flanger Stereo Phasing CLASSIC 50 Chorus PRESET Chorus 51 Symphonic 52 Tremolo Volume change 53 54 CLASSIC Chorus CLASSIC Chorus Symphonic Symphonic 54 Auto Pan...

Page 48: ...ing will affect the region around this frequency EQ Q 10 0 0 10 Q sharpness of the equalizer peaking type This indicates the sharpness of the equalizer fre quency response curve Higher values will produce a sharper curve HSH G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the high shelving filter This adjusts the volume of the high frequency region Positive settings will boost the high frequency region and negative settin...

Page 49: ... a more complex sense of modu lation Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease this value if you want to lower the output At a setting ...

Page 50: ...H 0 100 Modulation depth Increasing this value will make the modulation deeper MOD DLY 0 0 500 0 ms Delay of the effect sound relative to the original sound The delay time will change around this value MOD FRQ sets the speed of this change and DEPTH sets the depth F B GAIN 0 99 Amount of feedback for the modulated sound Raising this value will increase the amount of feed back emphasizing the modul...

Page 51: ...ll be no output LSH G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the low shelving filter This adjusts the volume of the low frequency region Positive settings will boost the low frequency region and negative settings will attenuate it LSH F 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz Frequency of the low shelving filter The LSH G gain applies to the frequency region below this set ting EQ G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the equalizer peaking type This ad...

Page 52: ...e this value if you want to lower the output At a setting of 0 there will be no output LSH G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the low shelving filter This adjusts the volume of the low frequency region Positive settings will boost the low frequency region and negative settings will attenuate it LSH F 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz Frequency of the low shelving filter The LSH G gain applies to the frequency region below thi...

Page 53: ...he low shelving filter This adjusts the volume of the low frequency region Positive settings will boost the low frequency region and negative settings will attenuate it LSH F 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz Frequency of the low shelving filter The LSH G gain applies to the frequency region below this set ting EQ G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the equalizer peaking type This adjusts the gain of the frequency region speci...

Page 54: ...on AM PM Increasing this value will make the modulation repeat at a shorter interval PM DEPTH 0 100 Pitch modulation PM depth Increasing this value will make the pitch modulation deeper AM DEPTH 0 100 Amplitude modulation AM depth Increasing this value will make the volume modulation deeper OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease this value if ...

Page 55: ...ts the volume of the low frequency region Positive settings will boost the low frequency region and negative settings will attenuate it LSH F 21 2 Hz 8 00 kHz Frequency of the low shelving filter The LSH G gain applies to the frequency region below this set ting EQ G 12 0 12 0 dB Gain of the equalizer peaking type This adjusts the gain of the frequency region specified by EQ F Positive settings wi...

Page 56: ...T LVL MIX BAL 25 PAN 0 7 Hz L R 75 100 100 Parameter name Range Explanation FREQ 0 05 40 00 Hz Speed of modulation Increasing this value will make the modulation repeat at a shorter interval DEPTH 0 100 Modulation depth Increasing this value will make the modulation deeper PHASE 0 00 354 38 dg Phase difference between the modulation signal of the L channel and R channel This controls the sense of ...

Page 57: ... of modulation applied to the oscillator signal This ring modulator effect lets you use the FM FREQ parameter to apply additional modulation to the oscillator signal FM DEPTH 0 100 Depth of modulation applied to the oscillator signal Increasing this value will increase the modu lation that is applied to the oscillator signal Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the origin...

Page 58: ...This affects the frequency of the filter when a control signal is not being received Lowering this value if DIR is UP or raising it if DIR is DOWN will extend the variable range of the filter producing a greater width of modulation RESO 0 20 This is the resonance Higher values will sharpen the frequency response curve of the filter Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the...

Page 59: ... will be no output DIR UP DOWN Direction in which the delay time will move in response to the SOURCE signal DECAY a a The range of this parameter depends on the sampling frequency at which the SPX2000 is operating 44 1 kHz 6 ms 46 0 s 48 kHz 5 ms 42 3 s 88 2 kHz 3 ms 23 0 s 96 kHz 3 ms 21 1 s Decay time of the flanger This indicates the time from when the SOURCE signal is received and the delay ti...

Page 60: ...100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease this value if you want to lower the output At a setting of 0 there will be no output DIR UP DOWN Direction in which the phase shifted fr...

Page 61: ...of pitch change set in cents 1 100th of a semitone Positive settings make the pitch higher than the original sound and negative settings make it lower DELAY 0 0 1000 0 ms Delay of the effect sound relative to the original sound FB GAIN 99 99 Amount of feedback for the effect sound Raising this value will increase the amount of feedback emphasizing the pitch change Negative settings will invert the...

Page 62: ...aising this value will increase the amount of feedback emphasizing the pitch change Negative settings will invert the phase of the feedback LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 100 100 Output levels of the effect 1 and effect 2 sounds LEVEL 1 is the output level for effect sound 1 and LEVEL 2 is the output level for effect sound 2 Negative settings invert the phase PAN 1 PAN 2 L63 R63 Position of each effect sound L63...

Page 63: ...4 0 ms 0 100 R63 65 BASS CHORUS 0 9 2 0 ms 0 100 L63 No Effect name PITCH 2 FINE 2 DELAY 2 FB G 2 LEVEL 2 PAN 2 52 GOOD OL P CHANGE 0 8 20 0 ms 0 90 L63 53 VOCAL SHIFT 0 12 27 2 ms 24 90 R32 54 STEREO PITCH 4 0 0 0 ms 0 100 R63 55 PITCH SLAP 0 9 275 0 ms 0 90 R63 56 HALO COMB 12 0 500 0 ms 35 90 L63 57 GRUMPY FLUTTER 0 10 125 0 ms 79 90 CENTER 59 BOTTOM WHACKER 20 8 25 1 ms 58 100 CENTER 60 VOICE ...

Page 64: ...ect sound relative to the original sound F B GAIN 0 99 Amount of feedback for the effect sound Raising this value will increase the amount of feedback emphasizing the pitch change Negative settings will invert the phase of the feedback BASE KEY OFF C 1 C 6 Base key for when receiving MIDI note on messages When a MIDI Note on message with note number C1 or higher is received its distance from this ...

Page 65: ...ts 1 100th of a semitone Positive settings make the pitch higher than the original sound and negative settings make it lower 1 DLY 2 DLY 0 0 1000 0 ms Delay of the effect sound relative to the original sound OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease this value if you want to lower the output At a setting of 0 there will be no output MIX BAL 0 100...

Page 66: ...erb Parameter name Range Explanation DST TYPE DST1 DST2 OVD1 OVD2 CRUNCH Type of distortion this determines the basic character of the effect The character of the distortion will depend on the type you select DRIVE 0 100 Distortion depth Raising this value will produce stronger distortion TONE 10 10 Controls the level of the high frequency range Positive settings produce a more piercing tone and n...

Page 67: ...ronization source specified by TEMPO SOURCE page 23 The DLY NOTE and the MOD NOTE value will be set to the synchronized tempo value DLY NOTE a a This parameter is used for tempo synchronization If SYNC is ON the DELAY value will be set according to this value and TEMPO If SYNC is OFF this value is ignored MOD NOTE b b This parameter is used for tempo synchronization If SYNC is ON the FREQ value wi...

Page 68: ...d to left and right Increasing this value will make the reverberation more spaciousness DENSITY 0 100 Density of the reverberation Increasing this value will make the reverberation smoother You can create unique effects by lowering this value Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output a...

Page 69: ...reasing this value will produce deeper modulation MOD DLY 0 0 500 0 ms Delay of the effect sound relative to the original sound The delay time will be modulated around this value FREQ sets the speed of this change and DEPTH sets the depth FB GAIN 99 99 Amount of feedback for the effect sound Raising this value will increase the amount of feedback emphasizing the modulation Negative settings will i...

Page 70: ...nly Balance between the reverb and flanger A setting of 0 outputs only the reverb a setting of 100 outputs only the flanger REV BAL 0 100 Reverb Flanger only Amount of flanger Raising this value will strengthen the flanger effect At a setting of 0 only reverb will be heard SYNC ON OFF Switches tempo synchronization on off If this is ON the speed of modulation will synchronize to the tempo synchron...

Page 71: ...lue will make the reverberation smoother You can create unique effects by lowering this value Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output OUT LVL 0 100 Output level after the original sound and effect sound have been mixed Decrease...

Page 72: ...early reflections relative to the original sound This also affects the delay until the reverberation is heard DIFF 0 10 Diffusion of the sound to left and right Increasing this value will make the reverberation more spaciousness DENSITY 0 100 Density of the reverberation Increasing this value will make the reverberation smoother You can create unique effects by lowering this value Parameter name R...

Page 73: ...u can use this to simu late the absorptiveness of the walls and ceiling LIVENESS 0 10 Decay characteristics of the early reflections Increasing this value will reduce the decay causing the repeats to continue You can use this to simulate the absorptiveness of the walls and ceiling INI DLY 0 0 500 0 ms Delay of the early reflections relative to the original sound DIFF 0 10 Diffusion of the sound to...

Page 74: ...arly reflections Raising this value will strengthen the early reflections If this value is 0 only delay will be produced SYNC ON OFF Switches tempo synchronization on off If this is ON the delays will synchronize to the tempo syn chronization source specified by TEMPO SOURCE page 23 Each NOTE value will be set to the synchronized tempo value NOTE L NOTE R NOTE FB a a These parameters are used for ...

Page 75: ...ample with a setting of 50 the level of the delay will decay to 50 25 12 5 as it is repeated Negative values invert the phase of the feedback DELAY HI 0 1 1 0 Amount of feedback for the high frequency portion of the delay This is specified as a proportion of FB GAIN If this value is 0 1 the feedback amount will be 1 10th of FB GAIN if this value is 1 0 the feedback amount will be the same as FB GA...

Page 76: ... 500 0 ms 40 0 2 95 DELAY REV 1 2 s 0 4 25 0 ms 10 100 500 0 ms 250 0 ms 500 0 ms 40 0 4 96 RESO DRONE 55 0 s 1 0 0 0 ms 7 100 2 0 ms 0 0 ms 0 1 ms 78 0 7 No Effect name MIX BAL OUT LVL HPF LPF DLY REV DLY BAL 94 DELAY REV 100 100 Thru 3 15 kHz 40 95 DELAY REV 100 100 Thru 3 35 kHz 30 96 RESO DRONE 100 100 Thru Thru 0 No Effect name SYNC NOTE L NOTE R NOTE FB TEMPO 94 DELAY REV OFF 95 DELAY REV OF...

Page 77: ...ck playback will start again from the beginning INPUT Playback will begin when the input signal level exceeds TRG LVL and will continue for the number of times specified by LOOP NUM If a signal exceeding the TRG LVL is input again during playback playback will start again from the beginning START a a At 44 1 kHz or 88 2 kHz this will be 0 0 2970 5 ms At 48 kHz or 96 kHz this will be 0 0 2729 2 ms ...

Page 78: ...ct name REC MODE REC DLY RECORD PLAY PLY MODE START END LOOP LOOP NUM 97 FREEZE MANUAL 50 ms CONTI 0 0 ms a a At 44 1 kHz or 88 2 kHz this will be 2970 5 ms At 48 kHz or 96 kHz this will be 2729 2 ms 0 0 ms 100 PITCH MIDI TRG TRG LVL 0 OFF 14 dB No Effect name MIX BAL OUT LVL FINE TRG MASK 97 FREEZE 100 100 0 1000 ms Parameter name Range Explanation REC MODE MANUAL AUTO Recording method Choose MAN...

Page 79: ...e you press the INC or DEC button G PITCH 12 12 Amount of pitch change for the playback in units of one semitone Positive settings will make the playback pitch higher than the original pitch and negative settings will lower it FINE 50 50 Amount of pitch change for the playback in units of one cent 1 100th of a semitone Positive settings will make the playback pitch higher than the original pitch a...

Page 80: ... the trigger 1 Set REC MODE to MANUAL 2 Set REC DLY TRG DLY 3 Set MIDI TRG Freeze PRESET bank only 4 Enter record ready mode Select RECORD and press the DEC button G The display will change to REC READY 5 Transmit a MIDI note on message If you are using Freeze PRESET bank transmit the note on message you specified for MIDI TRG If you are using Freeze A CLASSIC bank or Freeze B CLASSIC bank transmi...

Page 81: ...n a note on message of C1 or higher is received playback will start automatically Playback options Specify the playback start end points only for Freeze PRESET bank or Freeze A CLASSIC bank You can use START END to specify the playback start and playback end points If you set the end point earlier than the start point the sample will play backward Play back repeatedly only for Freeze PRESET bank B...

Page 82: ...r and BPF Band Pass Filter FREQ 1 FREQ 2 FREQ 3 28 0 Hz 16 0 kHz Filter frequency The affected region will depend on the selected TYPE If TYPE is LPF frequency components above this frequency will be cut If TYPE is HPF frequency components below this frequency will be cut If TYPE if BPF frequency components in the region near this frequency will pass through the filter more readily RESO 1 RESO 2 R...

Page 83: ...mpressor attack time This is the time from when the input signal level exceeds CMP THRE until the maximum compression is reached You can use this when you want to retain the attacks of the original signal CMP REL a a The range of this parameter depends on the sampling frequency at which the SPX2000 is operating 44 1 kHz 6 ms 46 0 s 48 kHz 5 ms 42 3 s 88 2 kHz 3 ms 23 0 s 96 kHz 3 ms 21 1 s Compres...

Page 84: ...gh frequency ranges SLOPE 6 dB 12 dB Attenuation of the filter that divides the frequency bands 12 dB produces greater attenuation than 6 dB dividing the frequency bands more sharply EXP BYP ON OFF Expander bypass If this is ON the expander will be bypassed and will not do anything LIM BYP ON OFF Limiter bypass If this is ON the limiter will be bypassed and will not do anything LIM KNEE 0 5 Limite...

Page 85: ...to FAST DRIVE 0 100 Overdrive depth Raising this value will produce stronger distortion Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output ACCEL 0 10 Rate of acceleration when switching between rotation speeds SLOW FAST With higher settin...

Page 86: ... produce stronger distortion TONE 10 10 Controls the level of the high frequency range Positive settings produce a more piercing tone and negative settings produce a more mellow tone Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output N GA...

Page 87: ...on The character of the distortion will depend on the type you select DRIVE 0 100 Distortion depth Raising this value will produce stronger distortion Parameter name Range Explanation MIX BAL 0 100 Balance between the original sound and effect sound At a setting of 0 only the original sound will be output at a setting of 100 only the effect sound will be output CAB DEP 0 100 Strength of the speake...

Page 88: ...es used Control change Bank select Program change Control parameters You can control the SPX2000 s effect parameters from a MIDI device connected to the MIDI IN connector T or TO HOST USB connector U The control method and content will depend on the MIDI messages you use MIDI messages used Note on off Control change Parameter change Bulk dump SPX2000 internal data You can transmit the SPX2000 s da...

Page 89: ...l be controlled If the data begins with a value of either 00h or 20h the program change table A B C will be switched Reception conditions This message is received if the following two conditions are satisfied 1 The MIDI RECEIVE setting page 23 is CTL CHANGE ON 2 The channel on which the MIDI message is transmitted matches the SPX2000 s MIDI channel or the SPX2000 s MIDI channel is set to OMNI Form...

Page 90: ...ernal settings of the SPX2000 Bulk Dump Request messages request a bulk dump of data from the SPX2000 Reception conditions This message is received if the following two conditions are satisfied 1 The MIDI RECEIVE setting page 23 is SYSEX BLKDMP ON 2 The device number within the MIDI message matches the SPX2000 s MIDI channel or the SPX2000 s MIDI channel is set to OMNI Transmission conditions This...

Page 91: ...ccccc ch data count ch 128 cl COUNT LOW 0ccccccc cl 01001100 4C L 01001101 4D M 00100000 20 00100000 20 00111000 38 8 01000100 44 D 00110001 31 1 00110001 31 1 DATA NAME 01010000 50 P 00000010 02 00000000 00 No 256 Current BLOCK INFO 0ttttttt tt total block number minimum number is 0 0bbbbbbb bb current block number 0 total block number DATA 0ddddddd ds Program change table data of block bb 0ddddd...

Page 92: ... signal processor MODEL ID 00001001 09 SPX2000 ADDRESS 00000011 04 System Backup data 0eeeeeee ee Element no if ee is 0 ee will be expanded to two bytes 0ppppppp pp Parameter no 0ccccccc cc Channel no EOX 11110111 F7 End of exclusive 2 8 2 7 Parameter change Function call Program store recall When the SPX2000 receives this message it will store or recall the speci fied effect and will then use thi...

Page 93: ...ected Format STATUS 11110000 F0 System exclusive message ID No 01000011 43 Manufacture s ID number YAMAHA SUB STATUS 0001nnnn 1n n 0 15 Device number Device No 1 GROUP ID 00011110 1E MODEL ID signal processor MODEL ID 00001001 09 SPX2000 ADDRESS 00010010 12 Function call Effect Event 0000ffff 0f function 00000000 00 0ppppppp pp Release 0 Press 1 DATA 00000000 00 0eeeeeee ee Effect number 0 EOX 111...

Page 94: ...ter data will be the MIDI channel of the SPX2000 If the MIDI channel is OMNI the device num ber will be 1 When the SPX2000 receives a Request message with an Address UL 0x7F transmission of all meter data will be halted immediately Transmis sion will also stop if the power is turned off and on again while transmit ting meter data or if the MIDI port setting is changed Format STATUS 11110000 F0 Sys...

Page 95: ... G L WAVE PHASE WAVE LSH F LSH G LSH F OFFSET 6 FB G R LSH F STAGE LSH F LSH G EQ F LSH G RESO 7 L R FBG LSH G LSH F LSH G EQ F EQ G EQ F OUT LVL 8 R L FBG EQ F LSH G EQ F EQ G EQ Q EQ G SYNC 9 HI RATIO EQ G HSH F EQ G EQ Q HSH F EQ Q NOTE 10 HPF EQ Q HSH G EQ Q HSH F HSH G HSH F 11 LPF HSH F SYNC HSH F HSH G SYNC HSH G 12 SYNC HSH G NOTE HSH G SYNC NOTE SYNC 13 NOTE L SYNC OUT LVL SYNC NOTE OUT L...

Page 96: ... DLY TRG LVL TYPE 3 HI GAIN SLOW MASTER DRIVE 4 FB GAIN FB GAIN TRG MASK FREQ 1 PRESENCE FAST TONE MASTER 5 DELAY HI DELAY HI PLY MODE FREQ 2 EXP THRE DRIVE N GATE BASS 6 HPF HPF START FREQ 3 EXP RAT ACCEL MIDDLE 7 LPF LPF LEVEL 1 EXP REL LOW TREBLE 8 DLY REV DLY BAL END LEVEL 2 EXP BYP HIGH CAB DEP 9 INI DLY INI DLY LEVEL 3 CMP THRE EQ F 10 REV TIME REV TIME LOOP RESO 1 CMP RAT EQ G 11 REV HI REV...

Page 97: ...ss the COMPARE button to defeat Compare before you perform the desired operation Operation Locked The button etc you attempted to operate has been disabled by the OPERATION LOCK function Defeat the restric tion as necessary For details refer to Restricting operation of the SPX2000 on page 19 PORT GENERAL is Selected OFF MIDI messages cannot be transmitted because the MIDI port GENERAL is turned OF...

Page 98: ...ils refer to page 18 Could output related parameters such as OUT LVL and LEVEL be set to 0 Is the signal output when you turn the BYPASS button M on Some effects do not output a signal at all times Noise is heard in the output Is the CLOCK SOURCE set appropriately For details refer to page 18 Signal level does not match the external device Are the rear panel OUTPUT 10 dBu 4 dBu switch and the INPU...

Page 99: ... for VOLUME FOOT SW for TAP Keys INPUT MODE METER BANK MEMORY UNDO RECALL STORE EDIT COMPARE INC DEC NEXT BACK PARAMETER FINE PARAM UTILITY BYPASS TAP POWER ON OFF LEDs Level Meter L R 2 12 Segments LED Effect No 2 7 Segments LED INPUT MODE MONO STEREO METER INPUT OUTPUT INPUT SOURCE ANALOG DIGITAL CLOCK INT AES EBU WC kHz 96 88 2 48 44 1 MIDI MIDI BANK PRESET USER CLASSIC LCD 16 characters 2 rows...

Page 100: ...ngth 16 24 bit 3 XLR 3 32 type connector is balanced 1 GND 2 HOT 3 COLD Control I O Characteristics Input Terminals Level SW Input Level VR Actual Load Impedance ForUseWith Nominal Input Level Connector Sensitivity Nominal Max before clip INPUT L R 4 dBu Max 10 dB 10 k Ω 600 Ω Lines 6 dBu 0 388 V 14 dBu 3 88 V XLR 3 31 type Balanced Phone jack TRS Balanced 10 dBu Max 10 dB 20 dBu 0 0775 V 0 dBu 0 ...

Page 101: ... are measured with a 6 dB octave filter 12 7 kHz equivalent to a 20 kHz filter with infinite dB octave attenuation Crosstalk 1 kHz Maximum voltage gain 1 kHz Input Output RL Conditions Min Typ Max Units INPUT L R OUTPUT L R 600 Ω 3 0 0 0 1 0 dB Input Output RL Conditions Min Typ Max Units INPUT L R OUTPUT L R 600 Ω INPUT LEVEL SW 4 OUTPUT LEVEL SW 4 2 0 4 0 6 0 dBu INPUT LEVEL SW 10 OUTPUT LEVEL S...

Page 102: ... ns DIGITAL IN Fs 96 kHz Jitter 2ns 10 ns DIGITAL IN Fs 79 38 101 76 kHz Jitter 2ns 20 ns Internal Clock Frequency word clock int 44 1 kHz 44 1 kHz word clock int 48 kHz 48 kHz word clock int 88 2 kHz 88 2 kHz word clock int 96 kHz 96 kHz accuracy word clock int 44 1 kHz 50 ppm word clock int 48 kHz 50 ppm word clock int 88 2 kHz 50 ppm word clock int 96 kHz 50 ppm jitter word clock int 44 1 kHz 5...

Page 103: ...specifications equipment or options may not be the same in every locale please check with your Yamaha dealer European models Purchaser User Information specified in EN55103 1 and EN55103 2 Inrush Current 45 A Conforms to Environments E1 E2 E3 and E4 DA AD DA SEL AD INPUT L INPUT R AES EBU IN OUTPUT L OUTPUT R AES EBU OUT 4dBu 10dBu 4dBu 10dBu 4dBu 10dBu 4dBu 10dBu INPUT LEVEL EFFECT INPUT OUTPUT M...

Page 104: ...ESET bank 71 Reverb Pan PRESET bank 72 computer 6 D Decay Time 34 Delay Echo 38 Delay L R Stereo Echo CLASSIC bank 46 Delay L C R PRESET bank 43 Echo PRESET bank 44 Modulation Delay PRESET bank 41 Mono Delay PRESET bank 38 Stereo Delay PRESET bank 40 DIGITAL 19 Display 7 E Early Reflection 35 Early Reflection Gate Reverb Reverse Gate CLASSIC bank 37 Early Reflection Gate Reverb Reverse Gate PRESET...

Page 105: ...0 Symphonic CLASSIC bank 54 Symphonic PRESET bank 52 Tremolo 53 modulation 47 modulator 47 N NEXT button 8 14 O OPERATION LOCK 19 Other effects 82 Amp Simulator PRESET bank 87 Distortion PRESET bank 86 Multi Filter PRESET bank 82 Multi band Dynamics Processor PRESET bank 83 Rotary Speaker PRESET bank 85 OUTPUT 10 dBu 4 dBu switch 9 OUTPUT jacks 9 P Parameter Basic parameter 13 Fine parameter 13 PA...

Page 106: ... bank 12 USER PGM PROTECT 17 UTILITY BULK OUT ALL 23 CLOCK SOURCE 18 EDITOR ID 22 INPUT SOURCE 19 MIDI CHANNEL 21 MIDI OUT SETUP 21 MIDI PGM CHANGE 22 MIDI PORT EDITOR 21 MIDI PORT GENERAL 21 TEMPO SOURCE 23 TITLE EDIT 17 U CLEAR 20 USER PGM PROTECT 17 UTILITY button 8 UTILITY LED 8 12 13 W Website 6 word clock 19 WORD CLOCK IN jack 9 word clock source 11 Y Yamaha Website 6 ...

Page 107: ...ge 0 32 X O 1 0 Bank Select MSB 1 30 4 31 Mix Balance 32 Bank Select LSB Program Change True X O 0 127 1 Assignable Program Change Table System Exclusive O 2 O 2 3 Common Song Pos Song Sel Tune X X X X X X System Real Time Clock Commands X X O X 4 Aux Messages All Sound Off Reset All Cntrls Local ON OFF All Notes OFF Active Sense Reset X X X X X X X X X X O O Notes 1 receive if switch is on 2 tran...

Page 108: ...na km 17 200 28230 Las Rozas Madrid Spain Tel 91 639 8888 SWEDEN Yamaha Scandinavia AB J A Wettergrens Gata 1 Box 30053 S 400 43 Göteborg Sweden Tel 031 89 34 00 DENMARK YS Copenhagen Liaison Office Generatorvej 6A DK 2730 Herlev Denmark Tel 44 92 49 00 NORWAY Norsk filial av Yamaha Scandinavia AB Grini Næringspark 1 N 1345 Østerås Norway Tel 67 16 77 70 OTHER EUROPEAN COUNTRIES Yamaha Music Centr...

Search results

Summary of Contents for SPX2000 Editor

Reviews:

Related manuals for SPX2000 Editor

Brands by name

Popular brands

Yamaha SPX2000 Editor, Owner'S Manual

Search results

Summary of Contents for SPX2000 Editor

Reviews:

Related manuals for SPX2000 Editor

Brands by name

Popular brands