10
At that time the steam engine brought a lot of possibilities in the areas of
transport and construction. From the first rotation on the engine brings a
high torque to the axis and is able to work forwards and backwards. Steam
automobiles can start moving under load and do not need clutch and
gearing.
1.2 Knowledge about the steam engine
Right behind the wind power the steam power is one of the ancient methods
of humankind to produce mechanical energy. The name steam engine is
already indicating the energy source; steam. The energy source steam was
and is transformed into other energy forms through different constructions,
f. ex. piston steam engine or steam - turbines.
Basically we need two components regarding to the principle of the steam
energy: the steam boiler and the piston steam engine or the steam
–
turbine.
This principle has not changed till nowadays. Still changes have happened
within the modern steam engine regarding to the technical designs, modern
materials and a profound knowledge how to increase the efficiency.
In earlier times the efficiency of the piston steam engine was very low.
Especially to generate electricity they were mainly substituted through
steam turbines, which worked more efficiently. Nowadays functioning
nuclear power bases are so to speak modern steam engines, working with
the same principle. Here one uses the problematic nuclear energy to heat up
the water.
1.2.1. How to change water into steam
To transform the liquid state of H2O into water steam, we need to heat it up
till it boils. Once the water is boiling, which normally happens at 100
degrees C and 1013 hPa (the boiling temperature depends on the altitude of
the place, more exact - on the external air pressure) it changes into steam.
The boiling temperature of water (in general with liquids) changes when the
external air pressure raise. Assuming we have 2 bar pressure in the steam
boiler the boiling temperature raises up to 120 degrees C (theoretical value).
The heating up needs a certain quantity of energy which is called heat of
evaporation. There are needed 4,2 joule to heat up 1 gram of water for 1
degree C. On the other hand it needs 2257 joule to evaporate 1 gram of
water. This high energy consumption can be explained through the
enormous expansion of the volume of the water steam in relation to its
liquid state.1 litre of boiling water will transform into 1673 litres of steam
(these values are related to normal air pressure).
Summary of Contents for D100E
Page 1: ...1 A b b 2 2 1 M o nt a g e d es K es se ls Steambox D 100 E E Box E 50 ...
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Page 27: ...27 Fig 2 3 2 Steam engine of the Steam Box with generator ...
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