&RS\ULJKW9RQ$U[$*
0RGHVGHIRQFWLRQQHPHQW
0RGHVGHIRQFWLRQQHPHQW
/DPDFKLQHjWUDYDLOOHUOHVVXUIDFHVWUDYDLOOHDYHF
XQWDPERXUURWDWLIjRXWLOVDXWRXUGXTXHOVXLYDQW
OHW\SHRXODPHOOHVVRQWXQLIRUPpPHQW
UpSDUWLHV
/HV DUEUHV GH ODPHOOHV VH JDUQLVVHQW GH
GLIIpUHQWVW\SHVGHODPHOOHVSRXUVROVGXUVFDV
VDQWVjIHUPHVRXYLVFRSODVWLTXHV
/H VRO j WUDYDLOOHU HVW VRXPLV SHQGDQW OD
URWDWLRQGXWDPERXUjGHVFRXSVGXUVGHVODPHO
OHVOLEUHVTXLVXLYDQWOHW\SHGHODPHOOHVSURYR
TXHQWXQHQOqYHPHQWGHPDWLqUHSOXVRXPRLQV
LPSRUWDQW
/HWDPERXUjRXWLOVSHXWrWUHHQWUDvQpSDU
GLIIpUHQWV PRWHXUV pOHFWULTXH j HVVHQFH RX
GLHVHO
*XLGDJH
/HV PDFKLQHV VXLYDQW OH W\SH VRQW pTXLSpHV
GH RX URXHV ¿[HV HW SHXYHQW rWUH JXLGpHV
VDQVHIIRUWHQPDUFKHDYDQWHWDUULqUH(QXVDJH
VHORQ OHV UqJOHV RQ pYLWH DLQVL XQH GpUREDGH
ODWpUDOHHWOHVPDFKLQHVUHVWHQWGDQVOHXUYRLH
(Q DSSX\DQW VXU OD SRLJQpHEDUUH OD PDFKLQH
SHXWrWUHGpSODFpHVXUXQHVVLHXGDQVXQHDXWUH
GLUHFWLRQTXHOFRQTXH
/HV PDFKLQHV j DYDQFH K\GUDXOLTXH VRQW
pTXLSpHVGµXQGLVSRVLWLIGHJXLGDJHSHUPHWWDQW
GH PDQRHXYUHU DYHF OH PRWHXU DUUrWp (Q
HQIRQoDQWODSpGDOHOHVURXHVDUULqUHVRQWVRX
OHYpHVGXVROHWODPDFKLQHVHPDQRHXYUHIDFLOH
PHQWVXUOHVURXHVGHJXLGDJH
0RGLGLIXQ]LRQDPHQWR
0RGLGLIXQ]LRQDPHQWR
/D PDFFKLQD SHU OD ODYRUD]LRQH GHOOH VXSHU¿FL
ODYRUD FRQ XQ WDPEXUR SHU XWHQVLOL URWDQWH VXO
FXL SHULPHWUR VRQR GLVWULEXLWL LQ PRGR XQLIRUPH
GHJOL DOEHUL SHU ODPHOOH D VHFRQGD GHO WLSR GL
PDFFKLQDRSSXUHDOEHULSHUODPHOOH
6XJOL DOEHUL SHU ODPHOOH SRVVRQR HVVHUH
DSSOLFDWLGLYHUVLWLSLGLODPHOOHSHUVXSHU¿FLGXUH
UXYLGH¿QRDFRPSDWWHRHODVWLFKH
/DVXSHU¿FLHGDODYRUDUHYLHQHVRWWRSRVWD
D GXUL FROSL GD SDUWH GHOOH ODPHOOH PRQWDWH VXO
WDPEXURSHUXWHQVLOLFKHUXRWD,QEDVHDOWLSRGL
ODPHOOHDSSOLFDWHTXHVWLFROSLFDXVDQRXQDVSRUWR
GLPDWHULDOHSLRPHQRLQWHQVR
,OWDPEXURSHUXWHQVLOLSXzHVVHUHD]LRQDWR
FRQ GLYHUVL WLSL GL PRWRUH HOHWWULFR D EHQ]LQD
GLHVHO
*XLGD
/HPDFFKLQHVRQRGRWDWHDVHFRQGDGHOWLSRGL
RUXOOL¿VVLHSRVVRQRHVVHUHJXLGDWHVHQ]D
IDWLFD LQ DYDQWL HG LQGLHWUR 8WLOL]]DQGR OD PDF
FKLQD LQ PRGR LGRQHR VL HYLWD OR VEDQGDPHQWR
ODWHUDOHHTXHVWDULPDQHVXOODVXDWUDFFLD3UH
PHQGR YHUVR LO EDVVR OD PDQLJOLD OD PDFFKLQD
SXz HVVHUH PRVVD OXQJR XQµDVVH LQ XQµDOWUD
GLUH]LRQHDSLDFHUH
/H PDFFKLQD FRQ DYDQ]DPHQWR LGUDXOLFR VRQR
GRWDWHGLXQGLVSRVLWLYRGLJXLGDSHUSHUPHWWHUH
ODPDQRYUDDPRWRUHVSHQWR3UHPHQGRYHUVRLO
EDVVRLOSHGDOHOHUXRWHSRVWHULRULVLVROOHYDQRGDO
WHUUHQRFRQVHQWHQGRFRVuGLPXRYHUHIDFLOPHQWH
ODPDFFKLQDIDFHQGRJLRFRVXLUXOOLGHOORVWHU]R
0RGDOLGDGGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
0RGDOLGDGGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
/DPiTXLQDSDUDSUHSDUDFLyQGHVXSHU¿FLHVWUD
EDMDFRQXQWDPERUURWDWRULRGHKHUUDPLHQWDVHQ
FX\RSHUtPHWURVHHQFXHQWUDQGLVWULEXLGDVUHJX
ODUPHQWH\VHJ~QHOWLSRyHMHVGHOiPL
QDV
/RVHMHVGHOiPLQDVSXHGHQHTXLSDUVHFRQ
GLYHUVRVWLSRVGHOiPLQDSDUDVXHORVGXURVGH
GXURIUiJLOHVDVyOLGRVRYLVFRSOiVWLFRV
&RQODURWDFLyQGHOWDPERUGHKHUUDPLHQWDV
HOVXHORDSUHSDUDUHVREMHWRGHIXHUWHVLPSDFWRV
SRUSDUWHGHODVOiPLQDVGHPRQWDMHVXHOWRTXH
GHSHQGLHQGRGHOWLSRGHpVWDVFDXVDQXQGHV
PRQWHPiVRPHQRVIXHUWHGHOPDWHULDO
(OWDPERUGHKHUUDPLHQWDVSXHGHVHUDFFLR
QDGRSRUGLYHUVRVPRWRUHVPRWRUHOpFWULFRGH
JDVROLQDRGLHVHO
0HFDQLVPRGHGLUHFFLyQ
6HJ~Q HO WLSR ODV PiTXLQDV HVWiQ HTXL
SDGDV FRQ y URGLOORV ¿MRV \ SXHGHQ VHU
FRQGXFLGDV IiFLOPHQWH KDFLD DGHODQWH R KDFLD
DWUiV 0HGLDQWH HO XVR DGHFXDGR VH LPSLGH
OD GHVYLDFLyQ ODWHUDO \ ODV PiTXLQDV VLJXHQ OD
YtD (PSXMDQGR KDFLD DEDMR OD HPSXxDGXUD OD
PiTXLQDSXHGHVHUPRYLGDVREUHXQHMHHQFXDO
TXLHURWUDGLUHFFLyQGHPDUFKDGHVHDGD
/DVPiTXLQDVFRQDYDQFHKLGUiXOLFRHVWiQ
GRWDGDV GH XQ GLVSRVLWLYR GH GLUHFFLyQ SDUD
JDUDQWL]DUODPDQLREUDELOLGDGFRQPRWRUSDUDGR
(PSXMDQGRKDFLDDEDMRHOSHGDOVHHOHYDQGHO
VXHORODVUXHGDVSRVWHULRUHV\ODPiTXLQDSXHGH
DKRUDVHUPDQLREUDGDGHPRGRPX\IiFLOVREUH
ORVURGLOORV¿MRV
'HVFULSWLRQGHODPDFKLQHHW
SLQFLSHGHIRQFWLRQQHPHQW
'HVFULSFLyQGHODPiTXLQD\
SULQFLSLRGHIXQFLRQDPLHQWR
'HVFUL]LRQHGHOODPDFFKLQD
HSULQFLSLRGLIXQ]LRQH
