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Victron energy LiFePO4 Battery 12,8V/60Ah Smart, Manual

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Victron energy LiFePO4 Battery 12,8V/60Ah Smart Manual Download Page 28

7. Battery charging and discharging

This chapter describes the charging, discharging and cell balancing process in more detail for those who are interested in the
technical background.

7.1. Charging

Lithium batteries are easier to charge than lead-acid batteries. The charge voltage may vary anywhere from 14V to 15V for a
12.8V lithium battery and 28V to 30V for a 25.6V lithium battery, as long as no cell is subjected to more than 4.2V. Lithium
batteries will become permanent damaged if they are over-charged.

Should a cell reach 4.2V, impossible on a properly installed system, all charge into that cell will be dissipated as heat.

We advise to keep the absorption charge voltage between 14V (28V) and 14.4V (28.8) and the float voltage at 13.5V (27V).

Because of the flexibility in charge voltages, up to 5 batteries can be connected in parallel without much problems. No damage
will occur if there are small differences in individual battery voltages because of varying cable resistances or internal battery
resistances.

Once the absorption stage has been finalized, the battery charger goes into float.  We recommend setting the float voltage at
13.5V (27.0V).

The storage stage is not per se needed for a lithium battery, but if the charger has a storage mode, set the storage voltage at the
same value as the float voltage.

We recommend a charge current of 0.5C. This means that if the battery is completely empty, it will take 2 hours to charge the
battery. A charge rate of 0.5C for a 100Ah battery is 50A charge current. The maximum charge current is 2C, for a 100Ah battery
this is 200A. This will charge the battery in half an hour. But be aware that the batteries will produce more heat when high charge
currents are used. More ventilation space is needed around the batteries and depending on the installation, hot air extraction or
forced air cooling might be needed.

Lithium battery charge graph

The BMS will turn off all charge sources as soon as a battery cell voltage reaches 3.75V or if the battery temperature drops below
5°C or increases above 75°C. This means that all charge sources that are connected to the lithium battery need the ability to be
controlled by the BMS.

7.2. Cell balancing

The lithium battery consists of four lithium cells that are connected in series for the 12.8V battery, and eight cells in series for the
25.6V battery

Lithium Battery Manual

Page 25

Battery charging and discharging

Summary of Contents for LiFePO4 Battery 12,8V/60Ah Smart

Page 1: ...Lithium Battery Manual ENGLISH ...

Page 2: ... battery poles 15 4 6 1 Cable cross sectional area and fuse ratings 16 4 6 2 Connecting a single battery 17 4 6 3 Connecting multiple batteries in series 17 4 6 4 Connecting multiple batteries in parallel 17 4 7 Connect the BMS 18 4 8 Battery settings 19 4 8 1 Allowed To Discharge cell voltage 20 4 8 2 Cell under voltage pre alarm threshold 20 4 8 3 Allowed To Charge minimum temperature 20 4 8 4 B...

Page 3: ...turely turning loads off 32 8 3 4 The pre alarm setting is missing in VictronConnect 32 8 3 5 BMS is displaying alarm while all cell voltages are within range 32 8 3 6 How to test if the BMS is functional 33 8 4 Technical support 33 8 5 Warranty 33 9 Technical data 34 10 Appendix 36 10 1 Initial charge procedure without BMS 36 Lithium Battery Manual ...

Page 4: ...hort circuits too deep discharges and too high charge currents Use insulated tools Do not wear any metallic items such as watches bracelets et cetera In case of fire you must use a type D foam or CO2 fire extinguisher Do not open or dismantle the battery Electrolyte is very corrosive In normal working conditions contact with the electrolyte is impossible If the battery casing is damaged do not tou...

Page 5: ...ackage use soft slings to avoid damage Do not stand below a battery when it is hoisted Never lift the battery at the terminals or the BMS communication cables only lift the battery at the handles Batteries are tested according to UN Handbook of Tests and Criteria part III sub section 38 3 ST SG AC 10 11 Rev 5 For transport the batteries belong to the category UN3480 Class 9 Packaging Group II and ...

Page 6: ...oduct page 2 3 Battery Management System The battery cells in the Smart Lithium batteries are protected against over charge under charge charging at too low temperatures as well as charging at too high temperatures As part of the protection the battery has an integrated Balancing Temperature and Voltage control system the BTV The BTV connects to an external Battery Management System the BMS In cas...

Page 7: ...s are too short to reach the BMS they can be extended using not included BMS extension cables M8 circular connector Male Female 3 pole cable 1m bag of 2 M8 circular connector Male Female 3 pole cable 2m bag of 2 M8 circular connector Male Female 3 pole cable 3m bag of 2 M8 circular connector Male Female 3 pole cable 5m bag of 2 For more information see the BMS extension cable product page 2 4 Vict...

Page 8: ...arm signal The purpose of the pre alarm is to warn that the BMS is about to turn off the loads due to cell under voltage For example you would want an early warning that loads are going to be turned off while manoeuvring your boat or if lights are turned off when it is dark We recommend connecting the pre alarm to a clearly visible or audible alarm device Switching behaviour In case of an imminent...

Page 9: ...d in this chapter For the full BMS information see the BMS product information page The smallBMS The smallBMS is equipped with a load disconnect a charge disconnect and a pre alarm contact In the event of low cell voltage the smallBMS will send a load disconnect signal to turn the load s off Prior to turning the load off it will send a pre alarm signal indicating imminent low cell voltage In the e...

Page 10: ...o turn off the load s and it will also turn the inverter of the inverter charger off Prior to turning loads off it will send a pre alarm signal warning of imminent low cell voltage In the event of a high cell voltage or high low cell temperature the VE Bus BMS will send a charge disconnect signal to turn the charger s off and it will also turn the charger of the inverter charger off The mains dete...

Page 11: ...nator port In the event of low cell voltage the Smart BMS CL 12 100 will send a load disconnect signal to turn the load s off Prior to turning load off it will send a pre alarm signal indicating imminent low cell voltage In the event of high cell voltage or low high cell temperature the Smart BMS CL 12 100 will send a charge disconnect signal to turn the charger s off The alternator port controls ...

Page 12: ...onnect an alternator and a port to connect loads and or chargers Both ports are rated to 200A The alternator port controls and current limits the alternator The load port controls both loads and chargers BMS 12 200 For more information see the BMS12 200 product page BMS 12 200 Load or charger Alternator The BMS 12 200 disconnect loads and chargers It also controls and current limits the alternator...

Page 13: ...lus II or the Quattro are equipped with a VE Bus RJ45 terminal The VE Bus BMS communicates directly to the inverter charger via the VE Bus and will turn off the inverter or the inverter charger in case of a load disconnect or a charge disconnect event BMS Inverter charger The BMS controls an inverter charger directly via the VE Bus Direct control via a special inverting or non inverting remote on ...

Page 14: ...g from an alternator Lithium batteries have a very low internal resistance and will readily accept a high charge current Because of this special care must be taken when lithium batteries are charged from an alternator Most alternators are not able to limit the current going into a lithium battery and can be damaged when they are used to charge a lithium battery To safely connect an alternator ther...

Page 15: ...n the GX device manual to determine if a battery monitor is required or not When a battery monitoring device is used special settings need to be made in the battery monitor to accommodate the lithium battery This information can be found in the battery monitor manual For more information see the Battery monitor product page 3 7 Monitoring limitations It is not possible to connect a VE Direct cable...

Page 16: ...ly get damaged Take care not to damage the BMS cables by lifting or moving the battery by pulling on the cables or crushing the cables by getting them stuck underneath the battery or in between two batteries 4 2 Download and install the VictronConnect App The VictronConnect App is needed to communicate with the battery The app can run on an Android iOS or macOS device Although there also is a Wind...

Page 17: ... differences in transportation routes and warehousing the batteries do not all have the same state of charge by the time they are installed And as the system is only able to correct small differences in state of charge from one battery to another a large imbalance with newly installed batteries will not be corrected Note that this type of imbalance different state of charge between batteries is di...

Page 18: ...e cells are balanced the charger will not be turned off until the battery is fully charged For more information about cell unbalance and charger behaviour see paragraph Cells out of balance The process is completed when the battery is fully charged and all cells are balanced Use VictronConnect to check this while the charger is still in absorption The battery voltage must be 14 2V and each cell mu...

Page 19: ...tional area and fuse ratings Use battery cables with a cross sectional area that matches the currents that can be expected in the battery system Batteries can produce very large currents it is therefore necessary that all electrical connections to a battery are fused The battery fuse rating has to match the current rating of the battery cable that has been used Both the battery cable and the fuse ...

Page 20: ... Fuse the series string on the positive side Connect the battery bank to the system DC system Multiple batteries in series 4 6 4 Connecting multiple batteries in parallel All batteries need to be the same model and age Connect a maximum of 5 batteries Fuse each battery on the positive side Connect the system cables diagonally to ensure an equal current path through each battery Take care that cros...

Page 21: ... to battery connections of two or more battery series strings Fuse the positive main cable going to the battery bank Connect the battery bank to the system Do not interconnect midpoints or other between string points For more information on how to construct a series parallel battery bank see the Wiring Unlimited book DC system Multiple batteries in series parallel Do not interconnect midpoints or ...

Page 22: ...e first and last BMS cable to the BMS BMS Single battery BMS connection BMS Multiple battery BMS connection with extension cables If the BMS is too far away for the cables to reach use the optional extension cables The BMS extension cables are available as a pair and come in a variety of lengths For more information see the BMS extension cable product page BMS extension cable 4 8 Battery settings ...

Page 23: ...n of battery lifetime The default value is 2 80V the range is 2 60V to 2 80V 4 8 2 Cell under voltage pre alarm threshold When the cell voltage drops below this threshold the pre alarm signal is sent to the BMS The purpose of the pre alarm is to warn the user that the system is about to shut down due to undervoltage For more details see chapter System design The default value is 3 10 V and the ran...

Page 24: ... A 320 A Lithium fixed Between 14 0V 14 4V 2h 13 5 V 13 5 V 12 8 V 200 Ah 100 A 400 A Lithium fixed Between 14 0V 14 4V 2h 13 5 V 13 5 V 12 8 V 300 Ah 150 A 600 A Lithium fixed Between 14 0V 14 4V 2h 13 5 V 13 5 V 25 6 V 200 Ah 100 A 400 A Lithium fixed Between 28 0V 28 8V 2h 27 0 V 27 0 V Absorption time 2 hours for a 100 charge or a few minutes for a 98 charge Storage stage is not per se needed ...

Page 25: ...re screwed all the way down Connect with VictronConnect to each battery Check if each battery has the most up to date firmware Check if each battery has the same settings Connect the system positive and negative DC cable to the battery or battery bank Check the string fuse s rating if applicable Place the string fuse s if applicable Check the main fuse rating Place the main fuse Check if all batte...

Page 26: ... disconnect the DC system from the battery 6 1 Monitoring VictronConnect App can be used to monitor the battery via Bluetooth VictronConnect will show the voltage of each cell the battery temperature and if there are active voltage and or temperature alarms Alarm messages can only be seen or received when VictronConnect is actively connected to the battery and the phone is actively showing the Sma...

Page 27: ...ttings data is corrupt To remedy this go to the settings page and reset settings to factory defaults This will also reset the Bluetooth bonding information and as such the product must be removed from the Bluetooth paired devices list in order to connect again For more details see the VictronConnect manual Please contact your Victron representative and ask him to escalate this to Victron Energy as...

Page 28: ...commend setting the float voltage at 13 5V 27 0V The storage stage is not per se needed for a lithium battery but if the charger has a storage mode set the storage voltage at the same value as the float voltage We recommend a charge current of 0 5C This means that if the battery is completely empty it will take 2 hours to charge the battery A charge rate of 0 5C for a 100Ah battery is 50A charge c...

Page 29: ...ing process Battery cells are charged by current and not by voltage Feeding current into a cell will cause the voltage to increase over time but this is a fixed process and applying more voltage will not speed this process up In addition to this the speed of balancing is determined by the maximum rated power of the active and passive balancing circuits and not by charge voltage There are some appl...

Page 30: ...responds with 1Ah left in a 100Ah capacity battery The battery will be damaged if the remaining capacity reserve is drawn from the battery A residual current of 10mA for example may damage a 100Ah battery if the system is left in discharged state during more than 4 days 100 hours If all cells are 2 8V this means that the battery terminal voltage is 11 2V 22 4V and if all cells are 2 6V the battery...

Page 31: ...e an issue Try to connect to another Victron product does this work If that also does not work then there probably is an issue with the phone or tablet Refer to the troubleshooting section of the VictronConnect manual Pin code lost If you have lost the PIN code you will need to reset the PIN code to its default PIN code This is done in the VictronConnect App Navigate to the device list of the Vict...

Page 32: ... of the charge cycle This is when the charger is in the fixed 2 hour length absorption stage Once all cells show 3 55V the battery is properly balanced again Restart the charger in case the charger already finishes its absorption stage before the cell balance is restored 8 2 2 Less capacity than expected If the battery capacity is less than its rated capacity these are the possible reasons for tha...

Page 33: ...attery terminal voltage and battery cell voltages Start the charger The BMS might turn the charger off then on again for a short time and then off again This can occur many times over and is normal behaviour in case there is a significant cell imbalance Make note of the voltages at regular intervals The cell voltages should increase during the first part of the charge process If the voltage of any...

Page 34: ... the BMS connected and functional Not using the battery with a Victron Energy approved BMS voids the warranty Is there mechanical damage to the battery its terminals or the BMS cables Mechanical damage voids the warranty Has the battery been mounted upright The battery can only be used in an upright position Check the allowed to charge minimum temperature setting in VictronConnect Also check if th...

Page 35: ...cting the cells from over voltage 8 3 2 The BMS is prematurely turning chargers off This could be because of a cell imbalance One cell in the battery has a cell voltage above 3 75V Check the cell voltages of all the batteries that are connected to the BMS 8 3 3 The BMS is prematurely turning loads off This could be because of a cell imbalance One cell has a cell voltage below 2 6V Check the cell v...

Page 36: ...e Victron Energy Support web page 8 5 Warranty This product has a 3 year limited warranty This limited warranty covers defects in materials and workmanship in this product and lasts for three years from the date of original purchase of this product To claim warranty the customer must return the product together with the receipt of purchase to the point of purchase This limited warranty does not co...

Page 37: ... cycles 50 DoD 5000 cycles DISCHARGE Maximum continuous discharge current 120A 200A 300A 320A 400A 600A 400A Recommended continuous discharge current 60A 100A 150A 160A 200A 300A 200A End of discharge voltage 11 2V 11 2V 11 2V 11 2V 11 2V 11 2V 22 4V OPERATING CONDITIONS Operating temperature Discharge 20 C to 50 C Charge 5 C to 50 C Storage temperature 45 C to 70 C Humidity non condensing Max 95 ...

Page 38: ...M8 M8 M8 M8 M10 M8 Dimensions h x w x d mm 240 x 285 x132 197 x 321 x 152 237 x 321 x 152 237 x 321 x 152 237 x 321 x 152 347 x 425 x 274 317 x 631 x 208 Weight 12kg 15kg 20kg 20kg 22kg 51kg 56kg When fully charged Lithium Battery Manual Page 35 Technical data ...

Page 39: ...hen performing an initial charge without a BMS WARNING Use these settings only during the initial charge process Battery model Max charge current Charge profile Absorption voltage Absorption time Float voltage Storage voltage 12 8V 60Ah 20A Lithium fixed 13 8V 12h 14 2V 13 5V 12 8V 100Ah 30A Lithium fixed 13 8V 12h 14 2V 13 5V 12 8V 160Ah 50A Lithium fixed 13 8V 12h 14 2V 13 5V 12 8V 200Ah 60A Lit...

Page 40: ...isor interrupts the battery charge process immediately should a battery cell voltage exceeds 4 Volt The process is complete when all cell voltages are between 3 5V and 3 6V Lithium Battery Manual Page 37 Appendix ...

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